This paper presents the development of a hybrid dynamic expert system for the diagnosis of peripheral diabetes and remedies using a rule based machine learning technique. The aim was to develop a solution to the risk factors of peripheral diabetes. The methodology applied in this study is the experimental method, and the software design methodology used was the agile methodology. Data was collected from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospitals NAUTH and the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital LASUTH for patients between the ages of 28 87years suffering from peripheral neuropathy. Other methods used were data integration by applying uniform data access UDA technique, data processing using Infinite Impulse Response Filter IIRF , data extraction with a computerized approach, machine learning algorithm with Dynamic Feed Forward Neural Network DFNN , rule base algorithm. The modeling of the hybrid dynamic expert system and remedies was achieved using the DFNN for the detection of DPN and a rule based model for remedies and recommendations. The models were implemented with MATLAB and Java programming languages. The result when evaluated achieved a Mean Square Error MSE of 4.9392e 11 and Regression R of 0.99823. The implication of the result showed that the peripheral diabetes detection model correctly learns the peripheral diabetes attributes and was also able to correctly detect peripheral diabetes in patients. The model when compared with other sophisticated models also showed that it achieved a better regression score. The reason was due to the appropriate steps used in the data preparation such as integration and the use of IIFR filter, feature extraction, and the deep configuration of the regression model. Omeye Emmanuel C. | Ngene John N. | Dr. Anyaragbu Hope U. | Dr. Ozioko Ekene | Dr. Iloka Bethram C. | Prof. Inyiama Hycent C. "Development of a Hybrid Dynamic Expert System for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Diabetes and Remedies using a Rule-Based Machine Learning Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52356.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/52356/development-of-a-hybrid-dynamic-expert-system-for-the-diagnosis-of-peripheral-diabetes-and-remedies-using-a-rulebased-machine-learning-technique/omeye-emmanuel-c
DIABETES PREDICTOR USING ENSEMBLE TECHNIQUEIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed an ensemble machine learning model to predict diabetes using the Pima Indian Diabetes dataset. The study used various machine learning algorithms like decision trees, random forest, SVM, and multilayer perceptron. It then proposed weighting and integrating the outputs of these models to improve diabetes prediction performance, where weights were calculated based on each model's AUC, F1 score, accuracy, and recall on the classification task. The models were evaluated using cross-validation on the Pima Indian Diabetes dataset under the same parameter settings. Previous literature that used machine learning techniques for diabetes prediction is also reviewed.
FORESTALLING GROWTH RATE IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS USING DATA MINING AND A...IAEME Publication
The race for urbanization and thirst for high living status leads to unhealthy life.
As the result a rapid growth in number of diabetic patients in urban areas
approaching to its deadline. In this situation it become a prime necessity for
physicians and health workers to recognize accurate growth rate in number of
diabetic patients. Artificial Neural Network is used as one of the artificial intelligent
technique for forestalling growth rate of type II diabetic patients. Diabetes occurred
due to increased level of glucose in blood. In this paper, an intense survey is done for
the prediction of Type II diabetes using different Data Mining tools and Artificial
Neural Network techniques, is presented. This survey is aimed to recognize and
propose an effective technique for earlier prediction of the Type II diabetes. The data
mining techniques like C4.5 Classifier, Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest
Neighbour are compared for this work with Artificial Neural Network. As the results
Artificial Neural Network found with a great accuracy of 89%.
Analysis and Prediction of Diabetes Diseases using Machine Learning Algorithm...IRJET Journal
This document discusses several machine learning algorithms that have been used to predict diabetes, including KNN, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, J48, SVM, logistic regression, decision trees, neural networks, and ensemble models. It analyzes past research applying these methods to diabetes prediction and reports their accuracy results. The document then proposes using an ensemble hybrid model combining KNN, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and J48 algorithms to predict diabetes with increased performance and accuracy compared to individual techniques.
Predictive machine learning applying cross industry standard process for data...IAESIJAI
This document describes research applying machine learning to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus. Three machine learning models (support vector machine, artificial neural network, random forest) were designed and compared using the PIMA diabetes dataset. The random forest model achieved the best performance at 90.43% accuracy. This top-performing model was integrated into a web platform. Specialists validated that the machine learning-assisted diagnosis led to an 88.28% decrease in information collection time, a 99.99% decrease in diagnosis time, a 44.42% decrease in diagnosis cost, and made the diagnosis 100% less difficult. Therefore, machine learning can significantly optimize the diagnostic process for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Prediction by Supervised and Unsupervised Approaches with Feature Se...IJARIIT
Two approaches to building models for prediction of the onset of Type diabetes mellitus in juvenile subjects were examined. A set of tests performed immediately before diagnosis was used to build classifiers to predict whether the subject would be diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. A modified training set consisting of differences between test results taken at different times was also used to build classifiers to predict whether a subject would be diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. Supervised were compared with decision trees and unsupervised of both types of classifiers. In this study, the system and the test most likely to confirm a diagnosis based on the pre-test probability computed from the patient's information including symptoms and the results of previous tests. If the patient's disease post-test probability is higher than the treatment threshold, a diagnostic decision will be made, and vice versa. Otherwise, the patient needs more tests to help make a decision. The system will then recommend the next optimal test and repeat the same process. In this thesis find out which approach is better on diabetes dataset in weka framework. Also use feature selection techniques which reduce the features and complexities of process
PREDICTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUESIAEME Publication
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease caused by a set of metabolic ailments
where the sugar stages over drawn-out period is very high. It touches diverse organs
of the human body which therefore harm a huge number of the body's system, in
precise the blood strains and nerves. Early prediction in such disease can be exact
and save human life. To achieve the goal, this research work mainly discovers
numerous factors associated to this disease using machine learning techniques.
Machine learning methods provide effectual outcome to extract knowledge by building
predicting models from diagnostic medical datasets together from the diabetic
patients. Quarrying knowledge from such data can be valuable to predict diabetic
patients. In this research, six popular used machine learning techniques, namely
Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), C4.5 Decision
Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are
compared in order to get outstanding machine learning techniques to forecast diabetic
mellitus. Our new outcome shows that Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved
higher accuracy compared to other machine learning techniques.
Machine learning approach for predicting heart and diabetes diseases using da...IAESIJAI
This document describes a study that uses machine learning techniques to predict heart disease and diabetes from medical data. The study collected data from a public repository and preprocessed it to handle missing values. Feature selection was performed using chi-square and principal component analysis to identify important features. Three boosting classifiers - Adaptive boosting, Gradient boosting, and Extreme Gradient boosting - were trained on the data and evaluated based on accuracy. The results showed that the boosting classifiers achieved accurate prediction for both heart disease and diabetes, with the highest accuracy reported for specific classifiers and diseases.
diabetic Retinopathy. Eye detection of diseaseshivubhavv
This document discusses using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) from retinal images. DR is a leading cause of blindness that can be prevented if detected early. Traditional screening requires manual examination by experts and is inefficient. The study aims to investigate whether CNNs can achieve high accuracy in detecting and classifying DR from a publicly available dataset of retinal images. Results showed the proposed CNN model outperformed existing methods, suggesting deep learning can help improve early detection of DR and reduce its burden on healthcare systems.
DIABETES PREDICTOR USING ENSEMBLE TECHNIQUEIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that developed an ensemble machine learning model to predict diabetes using the Pima Indian Diabetes dataset. The study used various machine learning algorithms like decision trees, random forest, SVM, and multilayer perceptron. It then proposed weighting and integrating the outputs of these models to improve diabetes prediction performance, where weights were calculated based on each model's AUC, F1 score, accuracy, and recall on the classification task. The models were evaluated using cross-validation on the Pima Indian Diabetes dataset under the same parameter settings. Previous literature that used machine learning techniques for diabetes prediction is also reviewed.
FORESTALLING GROWTH RATE IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS USING DATA MINING AND A...IAEME Publication
The race for urbanization and thirst for high living status leads to unhealthy life.
As the result a rapid growth in number of diabetic patients in urban areas
approaching to its deadline. In this situation it become a prime necessity for
physicians and health workers to recognize accurate growth rate in number of
diabetic patients. Artificial Neural Network is used as one of the artificial intelligent
technique for forestalling growth rate of type II diabetic patients. Diabetes occurred
due to increased level of glucose in blood. In this paper, an intense survey is done for
the prediction of Type II diabetes using different Data Mining tools and Artificial
Neural Network techniques, is presented. This survey is aimed to recognize and
propose an effective technique for earlier prediction of the Type II diabetes. The data
mining techniques like C4.5 Classifier, Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest
Neighbour are compared for this work with Artificial Neural Network. As the results
Artificial Neural Network found with a great accuracy of 89%.
Analysis and Prediction of Diabetes Diseases using Machine Learning Algorithm...IRJET Journal
This document discusses several machine learning algorithms that have been used to predict diabetes, including KNN, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, J48, SVM, logistic regression, decision trees, neural networks, and ensemble models. It analyzes past research applying these methods to diabetes prediction and reports their accuracy results. The document then proposes using an ensemble hybrid model combining KNN, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and J48 algorithms to predict diabetes with increased performance and accuracy compared to individual techniques.
Predictive machine learning applying cross industry standard process for data...IAESIJAI
This document describes research applying machine learning to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus. Three machine learning models (support vector machine, artificial neural network, random forest) were designed and compared using the PIMA diabetes dataset. The random forest model achieved the best performance at 90.43% accuracy. This top-performing model was integrated into a web platform. Specialists validated that the machine learning-assisted diagnosis led to an 88.28% decrease in information collection time, a 99.99% decrease in diagnosis time, a 44.42% decrease in diagnosis cost, and made the diagnosis 100% less difficult. Therefore, machine learning can significantly optimize the diagnostic process for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Prediction by Supervised and Unsupervised Approaches with Feature Se...IJARIIT
Two approaches to building models for prediction of the onset of Type diabetes mellitus in juvenile subjects were examined. A set of tests performed immediately before diagnosis was used to build classifiers to predict whether the subject would be diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. A modified training set consisting of differences between test results taken at different times was also used to build classifiers to predict whether a subject would be diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. Supervised were compared with decision trees and unsupervised of both types of classifiers. In this study, the system and the test most likely to confirm a diagnosis based on the pre-test probability computed from the patient's information including symptoms and the results of previous tests. If the patient's disease post-test probability is higher than the treatment threshold, a diagnostic decision will be made, and vice versa. Otherwise, the patient needs more tests to help make a decision. The system will then recommend the next optimal test and repeat the same process. In this thesis find out which approach is better on diabetes dataset in weka framework. Also use feature selection techniques which reduce the features and complexities of process
PREDICTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUESIAEME Publication
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease caused by a set of metabolic ailments
where the sugar stages over drawn-out period is very high. It touches diverse organs
of the human body which therefore harm a huge number of the body's system, in
precise the blood strains and nerves. Early prediction in such disease can be exact
and save human life. To achieve the goal, this research work mainly discovers
numerous factors associated to this disease using machine learning techniques.
Machine learning methods provide effectual outcome to extract knowledge by building
predicting models from diagnostic medical datasets together from the diabetic
patients. Quarrying knowledge from such data can be valuable to predict diabetic
patients. In this research, six popular used machine learning techniques, namely
Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), C4.5 Decision
Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are
compared in order to get outstanding machine learning techniques to forecast diabetic
mellitus. Our new outcome shows that Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved
higher accuracy compared to other machine learning techniques.
Machine learning approach for predicting heart and diabetes diseases using da...IAESIJAI
This document describes a study that uses machine learning techniques to predict heart disease and diabetes from medical data. The study collected data from a public repository and preprocessed it to handle missing values. Feature selection was performed using chi-square and principal component analysis to identify important features. Three boosting classifiers - Adaptive boosting, Gradient boosting, and Extreme Gradient boosting - were trained on the data and evaluated based on accuracy. The results showed that the boosting classifiers achieved accurate prediction for both heart disease and diabetes, with the highest accuracy reported for specific classifiers and diseases.
diabetic Retinopathy. Eye detection of diseaseshivubhavv
This document discusses using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) from retinal images. DR is a leading cause of blindness that can be prevented if detected early. Traditional screening requires manual examination by experts and is inefficient. The study aims to investigate whether CNNs can achieve high accuracy in detecting and classifying DR from a publicly available dataset of retinal images. Results showed the proposed CNN model outperformed existing methods, suggesting deep learning can help improve early detection of DR and reduce its burden on healthcare systems.
IRJET - Prediction and Analysis of Multiple Diseases using Machine Learni...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using machine learning techniques to predict and analyze multiple diseases. It presents research using KNN, support vector machine, random forest, and decision tree algorithms applied to a medical database to predict future and previous diseases. The goal is to provide a smart card method for easily and accurately diagnosing disease by storing an individual's full medical record. It reviews related work applying various machine learning classifiers like decision trees, naive Bayes, and logistic regression to diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. The conclusion is that machine learning applied to medical data can help predict disease and save time for patients and doctors.
Performance Evaluation of Data Mining Algorithm on Electronic Health Record o...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This document discusses the performance evaluation of various data mining algorithms on an electronic health record database of diabetic patients. It first provides background on data mining and its applications in healthcare, particularly for diabetes. It then describes the methodology used, which involved preprocessing the data and applying several classification algorithms (decision stump, J48, random forest, neural network, Zero R, One R) to predict diabetes status. The results of each algorithm are evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and error rate. Overall, the document aims to compare the performance of these algorithms on an electronic health record database for diabetes prediction.
This document discusses using machine learning techniques to predict diabetes. Specifically:
- The authors build several prediction models using machine learning algorithms like logistic regression, KNN, decision trees on a diabetes dataset to classify patients as having diabetes or not.
- They evaluate the performance of the different models using metrics like accuracy, and find that KNN achieved the highest accuracy of 78% on the test data.
- The document also reviews several other studies applying techniques like random forests, support vector machines, convolutional neural networks to the same diabetes prediction task and Pima Indian diabetes dataset.
- The authors conduct their own experiments applying algorithms like logistic regression, KNN, decision trees, random forest, XGBoost to the
IRJET- Diabetes Diagnosis using Machine Learning AlgorithmsIRJET Journal
This document presents research on using machine learning algorithms to diagnose diabetes. The researchers collected a dataset of 15,000 patient records from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. They analyzed the dataset and used machine learning algorithms like decision trees, naive Bayes, support vector machines, and k-nearest neighbors to build predictive models. The models were evaluated based on accuracy and other performance metrics. The naive Bayes classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 72% in predicting whether patients had diabetes. The research aims to develop a machine learning system that can predict diabetes early to help treat patients before the disease becomes critical.
Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease using Data Mining Techniquesijtsrd
Kidney is a significant aspect of a human body. Kidney infection or disappointments are expanded in every year. Presently a day’s chronic kidney infection is the most well known disease for the individuals. Today numerous individuals pass on due to chronic kidney disease. The principle issue of CKD is, it will influence the kidney gradually. A few people dont have side effects at all and are analysed by a lab test. It depicts the steady loss of kidney work. Early recognition and therapy are viewed as basic variables in the management and control of chronic kidney disease. Data mining techniques is utilized to extract data from clinical and laboratory, which can be useful to help doctors to recognize the seriousness stage of patients. Using Probabilistic Neural Networks PNN algorithm will get better prediction for determining the severity stage of chronic kidney disease. Seethal V | Kuldeep Baban Vayadande "Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease using Data Mining Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37974.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/data-miining/37974/predicting-chronic-kidney-disease-using-data-mining-techniques/seethal-v
Early Stage Diabetic Disease Prediction and Risk Minimization using Machine L...IRJET Journal
This document reviews machine learning techniques for early prediction and risk minimization of diabetic disease. It discusses how various machine learning algorithms like decision trees, KNN, random forests, and SVM have been applied to diabetes prediction datasets. Accuracy rates of 83.11% to 88.42% were achieved for different algorithms. Feature selection techniques like Pearson correlation were also able to improve some algorithm accuracies further. The document proposes using machine learning systems to better diagnose and care for diabetic patients early on.
AN IMPROVED MODEL FOR CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMijaia
The document describes an improved model for a clinical decision support system that was developed to address issues with misdiagnosis and inconsistent healthcare records. The system incorporates both knowledge-based and non-knowledge based decision support methods using a hybrid approach. It was trained and validated using prostate cancer and diabetes datasets, achieving classification accuracies of 98% and 94% respectively. The system aims to enhance disease detection and prediction to support better healthcare delivery.
DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS FOR KIDNEY DISEASE PREDICTION IJCI JOURNAL
Data mining is a non-trivial process of categorizing valid, novel, potentially useful and ultimately understandable patterns in data. In terms, it accurately state as the extraction of information from a huge database. Data mining is a vital role in several applications such as business organizations, educational institutions, government sectors, health care industry, scientific and engineering. . In the health care
industry, the data mining is predominantly used for disease prediction. Enormous data mining techniques are existing for predicting diseases namely classification, clustering, association rules, summarizations, regression and etc. The main objective of this research work is to predict kidney diseases using classification algorithms such as Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine. This research work mainly
focused on finding the best classification algorithm based on the classification accuracy and execution time performance factors. From the experimental results it is observed that the performance of the SVM is better than the Naive Bayes classifier algorithm.
IRJET - An Effective Stroke Prediction System using Predictive ModelsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing an effective stroke prediction system using predictive models. The researchers used patient characteristics data to conduct exploratory data analysis and feature selection to determine the most influential variables for predicting stroke. They then performed predictive modeling with classification algorithms like random forest, decision tree, logistic regression and support vector machines. The most accurate model was selected to develop a web application that allows users to input their information and predict their risk of having a stroke.
Diabetes prediction using machine learningdataalcott
This document discusses a proposed system to classify and predict diabetes using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The objectives are to classify the PIMA Indian diabetes dataset and design an interactive application where users can input data to get a prediction. The proposed system uses support vector machine (SVM) for machine learning and neural networks for deep learning. It aims to improve accuracy over existing systems by using deep learning techniques. The methodology involves collecting a dataset, preprocessing, splitting for training and testing, applying algorithms, and evaluating results.
Improving the performance of k nearest neighbor algorithm for the classificat...IAEME Publication
The document discusses improving the performance of the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm for classifying diabetes datasets with missing values. It first provides background on diabetes and challenges with missing data. It then describes various data preprocessing techniques used to handle missing values, including mean imputation. The document outlines the kNN classification algorithm and metrics like accuracy and error rate to evaluate performance. It applies these techniques to the Pima Indian diabetes dataset and finds that imputing missing values along with suitable preprocessing like normalization increases classification accuracy compared to ignoring missing values or imputation alone.
Multi Disease Detection using Deep LearningIRJET Journal
1) The document proposes a system for multi-disease detection using deep learning that could provide early detection of chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes from medical data and save lives.
2) It reviews literature on disease prediction using machine learning algorithms like CNN, KNN, decision trees, and support vector machines. CNN showed slightly better accuracy than KNN for general disease detection.
3) The proposed system would use deep learning models to detect and classify diseases from medical images and data with high accuracy, helping doctors verify test results and enhancing their experience with diseases. It aims to reduce the costs of diagnostic testing for chronic conditions.
K-Nearest Neighbours based diagnosis of hyperglycemiaijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper that developed an artificial intelligence system using the K-nearest neighbors algorithm to diagnose hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). The system was trained on a database of 415 patient cases characterized by 10 physiological parameters. It achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 91% compared to medical experts when tested on new patient data. The authors conclude the KNN-based system is useful for diabetes diagnosis and could help supplement medical doctors, especially in remote areas with limited access to experts.
This document discusses using machine learning techniques to predict heart disease. It proposes a new hybrid method combining machine learning techniques to improve prediction accuracy. Specifically, it introduces a prediction model using different feature combinations and classification techniques, including a hybrid random forest with linear model (HRFLM) that achieves 88.7% accuracy. Previous studies predicting heart disease using machine learning are also discussed, but the authors aim to develop a unique method focusing on feature selection to further improve prediction accuracy of heart disease.
PERFORMANCE OF DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO PREDICT IN HEALTHCARE CASE STUDY: CH...ijdms
This document discusses applying machine learning algorithms to predict chronic kidney disease. It:
1) Applied three algorithms (C4.5 decision tree, SVM, and Bayesian Network) to a chronic kidney disease dataset containing 400 patients and 24 attributes to classify patients as having chronic kidney disease or not.
2) Found that the C4.5 decision tree algorithm had the best performance based on accuracy (63%), error rate (0.37), kappa statistic (0.97), and other evaluation metrics. SVM and Bayesian Network performance was lower.
3) Concludes C4.5 decision tree is the most efficient algorithm for predicting chronic kidney disease based on this medical dataset.
IRJET- Predicting Diabetes Disease using Effective Classification TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses predicting diabetes disease using machine learning techniques. It begins with an abstract introducing diabetes mellitus and the importance of early detection. It then discusses the Pima Indian diabetes dataset that is commonly used for research. The document outlines the existing research which focuses mainly on one or two techniques, while the proposed research will take a more comprehensive approach, comparing multiple techniques. It describes evaluating classifiers like deep neural networks and support vector machines on the Pima Indian dataset. The best technique identified achieved 77.86% accuracy. Feature relevance is also analyzed to modify the dataset for future studies. The goal is to automate diabetes identification and help physicians detect the disease earlier.
IRJET - Deep Multiple Instance Learning for Automatic Detection of Diabetic R...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed method for using deep multiple instance learning to automatically detect diabetic retinopathy in retinal images. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that can cause vision loss or blindness. The proposed method treats retinal images as "bags" containing "instances" of image patches. A deep learning model is trained using only image-level labels to both detect diabetic retinopathy images and identify lesions within images. The model first preprocesses images to normalize factors like scale and illumination. It then segments lesions and extracts features before classifying images using convolutional neural networks. The goal is to provide explicit locations of lesions to aid clinicians while leveraging large datasets typically required for deep learning.
Standardization and wider use of Electronic Health records (EHR) creates opportunities for
better understanding patterns of illness and care within and across medical systems. In the healthcare
systems, hidden event signatures allow taking decision for patient’s diagnosis, prognosis, and
management. Temporal history of event codes embedded in patients' records, investigates frequently
occurring sequences of event codes across patients. There is a framework that enables the
representation, retrieval, and mining of high order latent event structure and relationships within
single and multiple event sequences. There is a wealth of hidden information present in the large
databases. Different data mining techniques can be used for retrieving data. A classifier approach for
detection of diabetes is presented in this paper and shows how Naive Bayes can be used for
classification purpose. In this system, medical data is categories into five categories namely low,
average, high and very high and critical, treatment is given as per the predicted category. The system
will predict the class label of unknown sample. Hence two basic functions namely classification
(training) and prediction (testing) will be performed. An algorithm and database used affects the
accuracy of the system. It can answer complex queries for diagnosing diabetes disease and thus assist
healthcare practitioners to make intelligent clinical decisions which traditional decision support
systems cannot.Over the last decade, so many information visualization techniques have been
developed to support the exploration of large data sets. There are various interactive visual data
mining tools available for visual data analysis. It is possible to perform clinical assessment for visual
interactive knowledge discovery in large electronic health record databases. In this paper, we
proposed that it is possible to develop a tool for data visualization for interactive knowledge
discovery.
ML In Predicting Diabetes In The Early StageIRJET Journal
This document discusses machine learning methods for predicting diabetes in the early stages. It begins with an introduction to diabetes and the need for early detection. The document then describes the dataset and various machine learning algorithms used, including XGBoost, K-nearest neighbors, decision trees, random forest, SVM, Naive Bayes and neural networks. The methods section provides details on the dataset, data preprocessing including cleaning, compression and transformation. It also provides diagrams of the software architecture and algorithms. Accuracy metrics like precision, recall and F1 score are discussed to evaluate model performance. The goal is to develop a system that can more accurately predict early diabetes by combining results from multiple machine learning methods.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease using Data Mining Techniquesijtsrd
Kidney is a significant aspect of a human body. Kidney infection or disappointments are expanded in every year. Presently a day’s chronic kidney infection is the most well known disease for the individuals. Today numerous individuals pass on due to chronic kidney disease. The principle issue of CKD is, it will influence the kidney gradually. A few people dont have side effects at all and are analysed by a lab test. It depicts the steady loss of kidney work. Early recognition and therapy are viewed as basic variables in the management and control of chronic kidney disease. Data mining techniques is utilized to extract data from clinical and laboratory, which can be useful to help doctors to recognize the seriousness stage of patients. Using Probabilistic Neural Networks PNN algorithm will get better prediction for determining the severity stage of chronic kidney disease. Seethal V | Kuldeep Baban Vayadande "Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease using Data Mining Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37974.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/data-miining/37974/predicting-chronic-kidney-disease-using-data-mining-techniques/seethal-v
Early Stage Diabetic Disease Prediction and Risk Minimization using Machine L...IRJET Journal
This document reviews machine learning techniques for early prediction and risk minimization of diabetic disease. It discusses how various machine learning algorithms like decision trees, KNN, random forests, and SVM have been applied to diabetes prediction datasets. Accuracy rates of 83.11% to 88.42% were achieved for different algorithms. Feature selection techniques like Pearson correlation were also able to improve some algorithm accuracies further. The document proposes using machine learning systems to better diagnose and care for diabetic patients early on.
AN IMPROVED MODEL FOR CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMijaia
The document describes an improved model for a clinical decision support system that was developed to address issues with misdiagnosis and inconsistent healthcare records. The system incorporates both knowledge-based and non-knowledge based decision support methods using a hybrid approach. It was trained and validated using prostate cancer and diabetes datasets, achieving classification accuracies of 98% and 94% respectively. The system aims to enhance disease detection and prediction to support better healthcare delivery.
DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS FOR KIDNEY DISEASE PREDICTION IJCI JOURNAL
Data mining is a non-trivial process of categorizing valid, novel, potentially useful and ultimately understandable patterns in data. In terms, it accurately state as the extraction of information from a huge database. Data mining is a vital role in several applications such as business organizations, educational institutions, government sectors, health care industry, scientific and engineering. . In the health care
industry, the data mining is predominantly used for disease prediction. Enormous data mining techniques are existing for predicting diseases namely classification, clustering, association rules, summarizations, regression and etc. The main objective of this research work is to predict kidney diseases using classification algorithms such as Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine. This research work mainly
focused on finding the best classification algorithm based on the classification accuracy and execution time performance factors. From the experimental results it is observed that the performance of the SVM is better than the Naive Bayes classifier algorithm.
IRJET - An Effective Stroke Prediction System using Predictive ModelsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing an effective stroke prediction system using predictive models. The researchers used patient characteristics data to conduct exploratory data analysis and feature selection to determine the most influential variables for predicting stroke. They then performed predictive modeling with classification algorithms like random forest, decision tree, logistic regression and support vector machines. The most accurate model was selected to develop a web application that allows users to input their information and predict their risk of having a stroke.
Diabetes prediction using machine learningdataalcott
This document discusses a proposed system to classify and predict diabetes using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The objectives are to classify the PIMA Indian diabetes dataset and design an interactive application where users can input data to get a prediction. The proposed system uses support vector machine (SVM) for machine learning and neural networks for deep learning. It aims to improve accuracy over existing systems by using deep learning techniques. The methodology involves collecting a dataset, preprocessing, splitting for training and testing, applying algorithms, and evaluating results.
Improving the performance of k nearest neighbor algorithm for the classificat...IAEME Publication
The document discusses improving the performance of the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm for classifying diabetes datasets with missing values. It first provides background on diabetes and challenges with missing data. It then describes various data preprocessing techniques used to handle missing values, including mean imputation. The document outlines the kNN classification algorithm and metrics like accuracy and error rate to evaluate performance. It applies these techniques to the Pima Indian diabetes dataset and finds that imputing missing values along with suitable preprocessing like normalization increases classification accuracy compared to ignoring missing values or imputation alone.
Multi Disease Detection using Deep LearningIRJET Journal
1) The document proposes a system for multi-disease detection using deep learning that could provide early detection of chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes from medical data and save lives.
2) It reviews literature on disease prediction using machine learning algorithms like CNN, KNN, decision trees, and support vector machines. CNN showed slightly better accuracy than KNN for general disease detection.
3) The proposed system would use deep learning models to detect and classify diseases from medical images and data with high accuracy, helping doctors verify test results and enhancing their experience with diseases. It aims to reduce the costs of diagnostic testing for chronic conditions.
K-Nearest Neighbours based diagnosis of hyperglycemiaijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper that developed an artificial intelligence system using the K-nearest neighbors algorithm to diagnose hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). The system was trained on a database of 415 patient cases characterized by 10 physiological parameters. It achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 91% compared to medical experts when tested on new patient data. The authors conclude the KNN-based system is useful for diabetes diagnosis and could help supplement medical doctors, especially in remote areas with limited access to experts.
This document discusses using machine learning techniques to predict heart disease. It proposes a new hybrid method combining machine learning techniques to improve prediction accuracy. Specifically, it introduces a prediction model using different feature combinations and classification techniques, including a hybrid random forest with linear model (HRFLM) that achieves 88.7% accuracy. Previous studies predicting heart disease using machine learning are also discussed, but the authors aim to develop a unique method focusing on feature selection to further improve prediction accuracy of heart disease.
PERFORMANCE OF DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO PREDICT IN HEALTHCARE CASE STUDY: CH...ijdms
This document discusses applying machine learning algorithms to predict chronic kidney disease. It:
1) Applied three algorithms (C4.5 decision tree, SVM, and Bayesian Network) to a chronic kidney disease dataset containing 400 patients and 24 attributes to classify patients as having chronic kidney disease or not.
2) Found that the C4.5 decision tree algorithm had the best performance based on accuracy (63%), error rate (0.37), kappa statistic (0.97), and other evaluation metrics. SVM and Bayesian Network performance was lower.
3) Concludes C4.5 decision tree is the most efficient algorithm for predicting chronic kidney disease based on this medical dataset.
IRJET- Predicting Diabetes Disease using Effective Classification TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses predicting diabetes disease using machine learning techniques. It begins with an abstract introducing diabetes mellitus and the importance of early detection. It then discusses the Pima Indian diabetes dataset that is commonly used for research. The document outlines the existing research which focuses mainly on one or two techniques, while the proposed research will take a more comprehensive approach, comparing multiple techniques. It describes evaluating classifiers like deep neural networks and support vector machines on the Pima Indian dataset. The best technique identified achieved 77.86% accuracy. Feature relevance is also analyzed to modify the dataset for future studies. The goal is to automate diabetes identification and help physicians detect the disease earlier.
IRJET - Deep Multiple Instance Learning for Automatic Detection of Diabetic R...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed method for using deep multiple instance learning to automatically detect diabetic retinopathy in retinal images. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that can cause vision loss or blindness. The proposed method treats retinal images as "bags" containing "instances" of image patches. A deep learning model is trained using only image-level labels to both detect diabetic retinopathy images and identify lesions within images. The model first preprocesses images to normalize factors like scale and illumination. It then segments lesions and extracts features before classifying images using convolutional neural networks. The goal is to provide explicit locations of lesions to aid clinicians while leveraging large datasets typically required for deep learning.
Standardization and wider use of Electronic Health records (EHR) creates opportunities for
better understanding patterns of illness and care within and across medical systems. In the healthcare
systems, hidden event signatures allow taking decision for patient’s diagnosis, prognosis, and
management. Temporal history of event codes embedded in patients' records, investigates frequently
occurring sequences of event codes across patients. There is a framework that enables the
representation, retrieval, and mining of high order latent event structure and relationships within
single and multiple event sequences. There is a wealth of hidden information present in the large
databases. Different data mining techniques can be used for retrieving data. A classifier approach for
detection of diabetes is presented in this paper and shows how Naive Bayes can be used for
classification purpose. In this system, medical data is categories into five categories namely low,
average, high and very high and critical, treatment is given as per the predicted category. The system
will predict the class label of unknown sample. Hence two basic functions namely classification
(training) and prediction (testing) will be performed. An algorithm and database used affects the
accuracy of the system. It can answer complex queries for diagnosing diabetes disease and thus assist
healthcare practitioners to make intelligent clinical decisions which traditional decision support
systems cannot.Over the last decade, so many information visualization techniques have been
developed to support the exploration of large data sets. There are various interactive visual data
mining tools available for visual data analysis. It is possible to perform clinical assessment for visual
interactive knowledge discovery in large electronic health record databases. In this paper, we
proposed that it is possible to develop a tool for data visualization for interactive knowledge
discovery.
ML In Predicting Diabetes In The Early StageIRJET Journal
This document discusses machine learning methods for predicting diabetes in the early stages. It begins with an introduction to diabetes and the need for early detection. The document then describes the dataset and various machine learning algorithms used, including XGBoost, K-nearest neighbors, decision trees, random forest, SVM, Naive Bayes and neural networks. The methods section provides details on the dataset, data preprocessing including cleaning, compression and transformation. It also provides diagrams of the software architecture and algorithms. Accuracy metrics like precision, recall and F1 score are discussed to evaluate model performance. The goal is to develop a system that can more accurately predict early diabetes by combining results from multiple machine learning methods.
Similar to Development of a Hybrid Dynamic Expert System for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Diabetes and Remedies using a Rule Based Machine Learning Technique (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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autonomic divisions, which then cause the occurrence
of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. One of the
main clinical consequences of DPN is foot ulceration
and painful neuropathy (Albers and Pop-Busui, 2014;
Alleman et al., 2015).
Diabetic Neuropathic Pain (DNP) is characterized by
sensations of burning, shooting, sharp and
lancinating, or even electric shock and tingling. And
all these uncomfortable sensations are usually worse
at night which later causes disturbance to sleep. These
pains can be constant which subsequently affects the
quality of life negatively (Akter, 2019). Therefore,
there is a need for serious measures to be taken to
mitigate the development and dominance/prevalence
of this disease. Managing diabetes requires the
monitoring and control of insulin levels in the body to
prevent this nerve damage and ensure slow progress,
however, prevention is better than caused which
presents the need for early prediction (Moaz et al.,
2011).
Machine Learning (ML) is an artificial intelligence
technique that can learn and make correct decisions.
This ML consists of various regression algorithms
which can be trained to make predictions and have
been used over time to diagnose diabetes (Zhang et
al., 2019; Li et al., 2021), however, solutions have not
been obtained for DPN and this will be achieved in
this study using Artificial Neural Network (ANN).
ANN is a set of neurons that can learn and solve time
series problems, this will be used to develop a
regression algorithm that will be able to predict DN
on patients for remedies.
2. LITERATURE REVIEWS
Jian et al., (2021) presented a machine-learning
approach to predicting diabetes complications. The
study applied several supervised classification
algorithms for developing different models to predict
and classify eight diabetes complications such as
metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia,
neuropathy, diabetic foot, nephropathy, hypertension,
and retinopathy. The datasets used for the study were
collected from the Rashid center for diabetes. The
algorithms applied in the study include SVM,
AdaBoost, XGBoost, random forest, decision
learning, and logistic regression. From the results
presented, it is observed that random forest,
AdaBoost, and XGBoost have better performance
accuracy than others.
Shahabeddin et al., (2019) presented a study on
artificial intelligence applications in type 2 diabetes
mellitus care. It is aimed to identify the artificial
intelligence (AI) application that can be effective for
the care of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The variables
used were BMI, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure,
triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density
lipoprotein, and demographic variables, while the
algorithms commonly used are SVM and naïve
Bayes. The result shows that SVM algorithms had
higher performance accuracy than the others.
Reshma and Anjana (2020) presented a study on a
literature survey on different techniques used for
predicting diabetes mellitus. The research reviews the
application of neural networks/multilayer perceptron,
logistic regression, AdaBoost, random forest,
Instance-Based-K (IBK), J48, SVM, Naïve Bayes,
and random forest for the prediction of diabetes
mellitus.
Abdullah et al. (2011) presented a study on an expert
system for determining diabetes treatment based on
cloud computing platforms. The research surveyed
some of the state-of-the-art methods applied for the
purpose of determining the treatment of diabetes and
then developed a cloud-based expert system with
Google App Engine. The solution was effective but
very complex to improve on.
3. METHODOLOGY
The methodology applied for the development of this
work is the experimental method, the software
development life cycle used is the agile model while
the software design methodology used is the adopted
Agile methodology. This methodology was aimed at
the prompt delivery and aligning project goals to the
business needs. It features four iterative phases of
feasibility and business study, functional and
mathematical models, implementation, and
simulations. The agile model also features detailed
documentation which is lacking in most other
frameworks. It involves an iterative and incremental
approach that emphasizes continuous user
involvement with timely delivery of the new system
within the specified work plan, time, and budget. The
methods are data collection, data integration, data
processing, data extraction, machine learning
algorithm, rule base algorithm, and hybrid dynamic
expert system.
Data Collection and Procedure
The primary source of data collection is the NAUTH,
which provided data on DPN while the secondary
source of data collection is the Lagos State University
Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) which provided data
on peripheral diabetes. The sample size of data
collected from NAUTH was provided by524 patients
between the ages of 28 to 87yrs of whom 46.6% are
male and 53.4% are female.
The procedure for data collection was executed by
Oguejiorfor et al. (2019) considering various tests
conducted on the peripheral patients using the fasting
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lipid profile of the patients, fasting plasma glucose,
and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) respectively to
collect data for three months which was collected and
used for this study as the primary data. The data
collection considered key attributes for peripheral
neuropathy like age, duration of diabetes mellitus,
body mass index, waist circumference, and
hemoglobin percentage.
The LASUTH provided data of peripheral diabetes
from 225 patients between the ages of 28 to 87yrs
collected over a period of 3 months. The procedure
for data collection used biothesiomtry for the
collection of peripheral arterial disease data is ankle
brachial pressure induced as posited in Anthonia et al.
(2015). The data collection considered general DPN
attributes such as age, elevated level of hemoglobin,
gender, duration of diabetes, body weight, history of
hypertension, low density of lipoprotein cholesterol,
triglyceride, and total cholesterol.
Data Integration
Data integration is a process of merging data
collected from various sources and was performed in
this research. The data collected from the primary and
secondary sources of data collection were integrated
together to develop the training dataset required for
this work. The approach used for the data integration
is the using Uniform Data Access Integration (UDAI)
technique (Abe, 2021) which ensures that data are
arranged in a consistent format for ease of extraction.
Data Processing
The quality of training data is vital for the reliability
of the algorithm which will be developed with it. To
achieve this, the data integrated was processed to
remove noised from the data attribute in the data
initiated from the data collection instrument using
finite and Infinite Impulse Response Filter (IIRF)
developed by Wayne (2010) for the continuous
processing of diabetes data adopted and used to
process the data collected.
Machine Learning Model
The ML algorithm adopted for the development of the
regression model is the Dynamic Feed-Forward
Neural Network (DFNN). The reason this algorithm
was used ahead of other ML algorithms was due to its
ability to precisely identify system input as an
autoregressive model and then train to develop the
regression algorithm. This DFNN was developed
using interconnected neurons inspired by the
attributes of the training set, tanh activation function,
and back-propagation which was used to train the
neurons until the DPN data were learned and then
generate the regression algorithm used for step-ahead
prediction of DPN.
Rule-base Model
The rule-based model was developed using an
optimization approach that employed logical
conditions to develop the remedies for the output of
the DPN predicted. This rule-based model was
developed using data generated from a series of
consultations conducted with domain experts from the
primary and secondary source of data collection, and
also from international standards established by the
World Health Organization (WHO) were used to
develop remedies that work in collaboration with the
result of the prediction model.
The Hybrid Model of the Dynamic Expert System
The hybrid model of the dynamic expert system was
developed using the DFNN model developed for the
prediction of DPN and also the rule-based model
developed for the remedies. The two models were
married as hybrid and then used to develop the
dynamic expert system. The dynamic nature of the
expert system was inherited from not only its high-
level intelligence but also its ability to diagnose both
peripheral neuropathic diabetes and also autonomic
neuropathic diabetes and make recommendations that
will help the patients manage the problem at a very
early stage to prevent other severe nervous
implications. The system with few inputs from the
patients was able to predict DPN and then offer
solutions in form of remedies which will allow the
patients to manage the problem and leave a better life
4. THE SYSTEM DESIGN
The processed with the modeling of the data collected. The data collected attributes for diabetic peripheral
neuropathy (DPN) as shown in the data description table 1;
Table 1: Clinical Data for Peripheral diabetes
Features Values
Age (yr) 25.02-87.02
Male 217 (35.61)
Female 395 (64.39)
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 76.70+9.09
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Fasting blood sugar(mmol/L) 6.70 (5.70-8.23)
Postprandial blood glucose(mmol/L) 10.30 (7.90-13.91)
Diagnosed DPN 218 (34.38)
Course of disease (yr) 8.01 (4.01-13.01)
Body mass index (kg/m²) 25.10 (23.10-28.90)
Waistline (cm) 86.01 (80.11-91.90)
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 136.01 (123.01-147.01)
HbAlc (%) 6.90 (6.01-7.02)
Cholesterol(mmol/L) 4.79+1.03
triglyceride (mmol/L) 1.29 (1.01-1.94)
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol(mmol/L) 1.50 (1.22-1.80)
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol(mmol/L) 1.49 (1.28-1.79)
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) 5.11 (4.29-6.06)
Uric acid (umol/L) 293 (251-339)
Estimated glomerular(mL/min) 57.01 (39.90-77.01)
Development of the Machine Learning Regression Model using Dynamic Neural Network
The regression model for the prediction of the DPN was developed using a DFNN. The DFNN was developed
from a simple feed-forward neural network via the addition of feedback at the output layer to the input layer. The
reason was to improve the training performance and learning accuracy via the short-term memory of the
neurons. The configuration of the FFNN was adopted from Aishwarya and Vaidehi (2019) and reconfigured to
develop the new regression model. The FFNN has weight, bias, activation function, and training algorithm as
shown in figure 1;
Figure 1: Architectural Diagram of the FFNN
Figure 1 presented the structure of the FFNN model with the interconnected neurons (yk). The neurons each are
activated with the tansig activation function which ensured that each neuron triggers and give output within the
range of -1 and +1. The neurons are interconnected in two multi-layered for to form the hidden layers and then
the final output where the activation vector is identified for training. However, in this case, the FFNN was
remodeled to DFNN using a feedback approach achieved with a back-propagation algorithm and the parameters
obtained from the training set which is 32 input neurons with each representing features of DPN as shown in
figure 2;
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Figure 2: The Architectural Model of the DFNN
Figure 2 presented the model of the DFNN which was developed by the backpropagation algorithm adopted
from Mekaoui et al. (2013) to allow the output feedback to the input neurons until the data is learned. To train
the neuron, the data collected was loaded into the DFNN architecture and then trained using the gradient descent
training algorithm (Staudemeyer and Morris, 2019)
Figure 3: The DN Regression Model Developed
Figure 3 presented the DPN regression model developed which was used for the prediction of DPN in patients.
The flow chart of the regression model was presented in figure 4;
Figure 4 presented how the regression model for the prediction of DPN was developed. The data collected were
processed using the IIRF and then extracted by the computerized feature extraction approach into the DFNN
model develop with a back propagation algorithm for training, during the training process, the neurons were
adjusted by the gradient descent to learn the features of the DPN until the Least Mean Square Error (MSE) was
achieved, which implied good training performance and then generated the regression model.
Development of a Rule-based Model using for Remedies and Recommendations
This section discusses the remedies for the output of the regression model. If the model output implied that the
patient has signs of DPN, then certain recommendations inspired by domain experts in the treatment of DPN
were used to develop the rule-based for remedies and recommendation
Development of a Dynamic Expert System Model
Having developed the regression model for the detection of DPN and also the rule-based model for the
recommendation, the two models were used to develop the hybrid model of the dynamic expert system as shown
in figure 5;
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Figure 5: Flowchart of the Dynamic Expert System
From the flowchart of figure 5, the input test data from patient health records were loaded into the system and
the features were extracted based on the computerized feature extraction techniques and then feed forward to the
DFNN regression model developed to diagnose the patients by checking for both clinical and basic features of
DPN. If the output is positive, then recommendations are made based on the nature of the DPN attributes
detected.
5. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
The system developed was implemented using Matlab and java programming language. In the Matlab
environment, neural network application programming software was called and then used to upload the data
collected from hospitals for configuration and training until the best training result was achieved, and then the
DPN regression model was generated. The generated algorithm was exported to the java programming platform
(Netbean) and then used to develop the dynamic expert system as shown in figure 6;
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Figure 6: Interface Result of the Expert System for Diagnosis of Diabetes
Figure 6 presented the interface result of the expert system developed for the diagnosis of DPN using the data
generated from the dynamic neural network training process.
6. RESULTS
The section presented the result of the training process for the DFNN and then the result of the expert system
application for the diagnosis of diabetes. Figure 7 presented the result of the training process using Mean Square
Error (MSE) and Regression (R).
Figure 7: Result of MSE Result
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Figure 8: Regression Result
Figure 7 presented the MSE result of the training process. The result showed that MSE of 4.9392e-11 and at
epoch 686. The Regression result in figure 8 is 0.99823. The MSE result implied that the training error was
minimal and tolerable as it is approximately zero. The regression result also showed that the model generated
was able to predict DPN correctly. Having evaluated the algorithm and achieved a good result for the MSE and
R, it was used to develop the expert system and tested in figure 9;
Figure 9: Result of the Interface for Clinical Attributes Diagnosis
Figure 9 presented the performance of the clinical diagnosis interface developed with the regression model
generated. The result presented the input parameter which considers basic DPN attributes for the diagnosis of
patients. The result when applied for the diagnosis of DPN was presented in figure 10;
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Figure 10: Result of the Diagnostic Process with DN Attributes
Figure 10 showed how the diagnostic system was used to train and detect DPN based on the clinical attributes of
the patient. To achieve this, the regression model identifies the inputs from the patient and then trains the data to
make the decision on the DN status of the patient. The output of the result was used by the rule-based model for
recommendation as shown in the results of figure 11;
Figure 11: Results of the Recommendation
Figure 11 presented the recommendation performance based on the rule-based model to give remedies to
patients and help the patient manage the student.
7. CONCLUSION
This work presented a dynamic system for the
diagnosis of DPN. This was achieved after the
literature review identified peripheral diabetes as a
major cause of amputation among patients. The
review also uncovered that solutions have not been
obtained for a dynamic system to diagnose DPN. The
method used for the new system development is data
collection, data integration, data processing, data
extraction, machine learning algorithm, rule base
algorithm, and hybrid dynamic expert system. The
modeling of the DPN detection system was achieved
using DFNN and data collection to develop the
regression model which was then used to model the
dynamic diagnostic system. The system was
implemented with Matlab and Java programming
languages. The result when evaluated achieved an
MSE of 4.9392e-11 and R of 0.99823. The
implication of the result showed that the regression
model correctly learns the DPN attributes and was
also able to correctly detect DPN from patients. The
regression model when compared with other
sophisticated models also showed that it achieved a
better regression score. The reason was due to the
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appropriate steps used in the data preparation such as
integration and the use of IIFR filter, feature
extraction, and the deep configuration of the
regression model. All these ensured good training
performances and also a good regression model
which was able to correctly detect DPN.
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