This document discusses resins and resin combinations. It defines resins as amorphous mixtures produced by plants. Resins are usually insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. Chemically, resins are complex mixtures that can include resin acids, resinols, resinotannols, and esters. Resins are classified by their botanical origin, predominant chemical constituents, or the main portions of the resin combination, such as acids, esters, alcohols, or sugars. Examples of commonly used resins are also provided.
Volatile oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing aroma compounds from plants. They consist largely of terpenes which are made of isoprene units joined in a head-to-tail fashion. Volatile oils have therapeutic uses as counterirritants, in aromatherapy, and as antiseptics. They are extracted using various methods like steam distillation, solvent extraction, maceration, or enfleurage depending on the plant material.
Ointments, types of ointments, ointment base, classification of ointment base...krishna keerthi
ointments are semi- solid, greasy substances used topically for various purposes, such as soothing skin irritations, promoting wound healing, or delivering medications. composed of a base and active ingredients, ointments provide a barrier on the skin, aiding in drug absorption and moisturizing effects. They are thicker than creams and typically stay on the skin longer. common bases include petroleum jelly or lanolin.
Physical standards are to be determined for drugs, wherever possible.
These are rarely constant for crude drugs, but may help in evaluation, specifically with reference to
Moisture content,
Viscosity,
Melting point,
Solubility in different solvents,
Optical rotation,
Refractive index,
Ash.Values and Extractives
Volatile oil Content
Foreign Organic Matter :
This document discusses the eutectic method, which involves creating a mixture of components in a specific ratio that melts at a temperature below the melting point of the individual components. It explains that a eutectic mixture is miscible in liquid state but immiscible in solid state, and the melting point is always fixed. Factors like ratio and impurities can affect formation. Eutectic mixtures are commonly used in drug design and delivery for controlling melting points and solidification. Some examples of eutectic mixtures provided are curcumin-nicotinamide, ibuprofen-thymol, and borneol-menthol.
The document discusses pharmaceutical solutions, which are liquid preparations that contain one or more soluble substances dissolved in a suitable solvent. It outlines the key components of solutions, including the solvent, solute, and any additives. Some advantages are easy dosing and administration, while disadvantages include potential instability and bulkiness. Examples of different types of solutions are provided, such as syrups, elixirs, linctuses, and others. Key factors in formulation like solubility techniques and common active ingredients are also summarized.
This document discusses resins and resin combinations. It defines resins as amorphous mixtures produced by plants. Resins are usually insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. Chemically, resins are complex mixtures that can include resin acids, resinols, resinotannols, and esters. Resins are classified by their botanical origin, predominant chemical constituents, or the main portions of the resin combination, such as acids, esters, alcohols, or sugars. Examples of commonly used resins are also provided.
Volatile oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing aroma compounds from plants. They consist largely of terpenes which are made of isoprene units joined in a head-to-tail fashion. Volatile oils have therapeutic uses as counterirritants, in aromatherapy, and as antiseptics. They are extracted using various methods like steam distillation, solvent extraction, maceration, or enfleurage depending on the plant material.
Ointments, types of ointments, ointment base, classification of ointment base...krishna keerthi
ointments are semi- solid, greasy substances used topically for various purposes, such as soothing skin irritations, promoting wound healing, or delivering medications. composed of a base and active ingredients, ointments provide a barrier on the skin, aiding in drug absorption and moisturizing effects. They are thicker than creams and typically stay on the skin longer. common bases include petroleum jelly or lanolin.
Physical standards are to be determined for drugs, wherever possible.
These are rarely constant for crude drugs, but may help in evaluation, specifically with reference to
Moisture content,
Viscosity,
Melting point,
Solubility in different solvents,
Optical rotation,
Refractive index,
Ash.Values and Extractives
Volatile oil Content
Foreign Organic Matter :
This document discusses the eutectic method, which involves creating a mixture of components in a specific ratio that melts at a temperature below the melting point of the individual components. It explains that a eutectic mixture is miscible in liquid state but immiscible in solid state, and the melting point is always fixed. Factors like ratio and impurities can affect formation. Eutectic mixtures are commonly used in drug design and delivery for controlling melting points and solidification. Some examples of eutectic mixtures provided are curcumin-nicotinamide, ibuprofen-thymol, and borneol-menthol.
The document discusses pharmaceutical solutions, which are liquid preparations that contain one or more soluble substances dissolved in a suitable solvent. It outlines the key components of solutions, including the solvent, solute, and any additives. Some advantages are easy dosing and administration, while disadvantages include potential instability and bulkiness. Examples of different types of solutions are provided, such as syrups, elixirs, linctuses, and others. Key factors in formulation like solubility techniques and common active ingredients are also summarized.
This document provides information about elixirs, including their definition, main ingredients, types, examples, formulation, preparation method, storage, advantages, disadvantages, and quality control tests. Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydro-alcoholic liquid preparations for oral use. They typically contain 5-40% ethyl alcohol, water, glycerin or propylene glycol, flavorings, and preservatives. Medicated elixirs contain active ingredients dissolved in the vehicle, while non-medicated elixirs may only contain alcohol, sweeteners, colors, and preservatives. Quality control tests for elixirs include determining the alcohol concentration and measuring viscosity.
This document discusses several categories of non-heterocyclic alkaloids. It begins by defining non-heterocyclic alkaloids as those containing nitrogen atoms not within heterocyclic rings. Examples discussed include ephedra alkaloids like ephedrine, khat alkaloids such as cathine, the hallucinogen mescaline, and the pungent capsaicin from chili peppers. The document also covers the alkaloid colchicine from autumn crocus, noting its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
Bees wax, a lipid (wax)
Topic presentation of bees wax from Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils) and from subject PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1.
Thanks for viewing.
Bromelin is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes isolated from the juice and stem of pineapple (Ananas comosus). It is a collection of sulphur-containing protein digesting enzymes called proteases. Bromelin has several uses including as an anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic agent, to potentiate antibiotics, and to aid digestion as it is able to modify tissue permeability to drugs.
Castor oil is obtained by cold pressing castor seeds of the Ricinus communis plant. It is produced in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Castor oil is composed primarily of triglycerides of ricinoleic acid, which gives it a high viscosity. It can be identified by its solubility in light petroleum ether and ethanol. Castor oil has several uses including as a mild laxative, in ointments, and as a plasticizer or lubricant in industrial applications.
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids.
Casein is a phosphoprotein found in milk that makes up 80% of the total protein in milk. There are two types of casein - acid casein and rennet casein. Acid casein is produced by acidifying skimmed milk and separating the curds, while rennet casein uses an enzyme to separate the curds. Casein is a white, tasteless, odorless powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in alkalis and acids. It contains amino acids and has a molecular weight between 75,000-370,000. Casein is used as a dietary supplement, in industrial applications like sizing textiles and paper, and to make casein plastics and paints.
ACTONNECT is a proposed online platform to connect patients, caregivers, researchers, and physicians. It aims to address gaps in research by allowing users to search patient perspectives indexed in a database called MipiDAT. Users can then create visual summaries called ACTONNECTIONs to identify research questions and form partnerships. The proposal outlines three aims: forming an advisory council, fully developing and testing the ACTONNECT platform, and evaluating its impact. A multidisciplinary team across five institutions will work to demonstrate feasibility.
1) Toyota relies on excellent process capability from its 200+ component suppliers rather than detailed inspections, as quality must be built into the wide range of parts.
2) Toyota helps develop suppliers through assistance with quality control, management systems, and guidance on its production system to maintain long-term beneficial relationships built on mutual trust.
3) Toyota rewards excellent suppliers and provides education to strengthen management systems and encourage continuous improvement, playing a key role in developing Japan's automotive component industry from its beginnings.
Toyota has a global supply chain management system focused on lean manufacturing principles. They aim to produce only what is needed through just-in-time production and a pull system. Toyota designs their production system and supplier relationships to eliminate waste and variability. This includes designing parts for commonality, limiting optional variations, and sourcing locally for flexibility. Toyota audits suppliers using metrics focused on quality, cost, delivery and their implementation of Toyota's philosophies. Their logistics network transports parts through local and global inbound routes planned through optimization software.
Toyota is the second largest automaker globally but is also the most profitable, with 51 manufacturing companies across 26 countries producing a new vehicle every 6 seconds under its Toyota, Lexus, and Scion brands. Toyota has also diversified its business beyond automotive to include industries like housing, marine, telecommunications, and biotechnology. The company's success is largely attributed to its implementation of the Toyota Production System for efficient manufacturing operations.
Toyota is a large, global automaker headquartered in Japan. It has annual sales of over $397 billion and produces around 5.5 million vehicles per year. Toyota has a vision of leading sustainable mobility and aims to exceed expectations through quality, innovation, and environmental stewardship. It has a history of over 80 years in the automotive industry and was one of the first companies to mass produce affordable cars. Toyota is a major manufacturer known for its Toyota Production System and hybrid electric vehicles.
This document provides information about elixirs, including their definition, main ingredients, types, examples, formulation, preparation method, storage, advantages, disadvantages, and quality control tests. Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydro-alcoholic liquid preparations for oral use. They typically contain 5-40% ethyl alcohol, water, glycerin or propylene glycol, flavorings, and preservatives. Medicated elixirs contain active ingredients dissolved in the vehicle, while non-medicated elixirs may only contain alcohol, sweeteners, colors, and preservatives. Quality control tests for elixirs include determining the alcohol concentration and measuring viscosity.
This document discusses several categories of non-heterocyclic alkaloids. It begins by defining non-heterocyclic alkaloids as those containing nitrogen atoms not within heterocyclic rings. Examples discussed include ephedra alkaloids like ephedrine, khat alkaloids such as cathine, the hallucinogen mescaline, and the pungent capsaicin from chili peppers. The document also covers the alkaloid colchicine from autumn crocus, noting its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
Bees wax, a lipid (wax)
Topic presentation of bees wax from Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils) and from subject PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1.
Thanks for viewing.
Bromelin is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes isolated from the juice and stem of pineapple (Ananas comosus). It is a collection of sulphur-containing protein digesting enzymes called proteases. Bromelin has several uses including as an anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic agent, to potentiate antibiotics, and to aid digestion as it is able to modify tissue permeability to drugs.
Castor oil is obtained by cold pressing castor seeds of the Ricinus communis plant. It is produced in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Castor oil is composed primarily of triglycerides of ricinoleic acid, which gives it a high viscosity. It can be identified by its solubility in light petroleum ether and ethanol. Castor oil has several uses including as a mild laxative, in ointments, and as a plasticizer or lubricant in industrial applications.
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids.
Casein is a phosphoprotein found in milk that makes up 80% of the total protein in milk. There are two types of casein - acid casein and rennet casein. Acid casein is produced by acidifying skimmed milk and separating the curds, while rennet casein uses an enzyme to separate the curds. Casein is a white, tasteless, odorless powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in alkalis and acids. It contains amino acids and has a molecular weight between 75,000-370,000. Casein is used as a dietary supplement, in industrial applications like sizing textiles and paper, and to make casein plastics and paints.
ACTONNECT is a proposed online platform to connect patients, caregivers, researchers, and physicians. It aims to address gaps in research by allowing users to search patient perspectives indexed in a database called MipiDAT. Users can then create visual summaries called ACTONNECTIONs to identify research questions and form partnerships. The proposal outlines three aims: forming an advisory council, fully developing and testing the ACTONNECT platform, and evaluating its impact. A multidisciplinary team across five institutions will work to demonstrate feasibility.
1) Toyota relies on excellent process capability from its 200+ component suppliers rather than detailed inspections, as quality must be built into the wide range of parts.
2) Toyota helps develop suppliers through assistance with quality control, management systems, and guidance on its production system to maintain long-term beneficial relationships built on mutual trust.
3) Toyota rewards excellent suppliers and provides education to strengthen management systems and encourage continuous improvement, playing a key role in developing Japan's automotive component industry from its beginnings.
Toyota has a global supply chain management system focused on lean manufacturing principles. They aim to produce only what is needed through just-in-time production and a pull system. Toyota designs their production system and supplier relationships to eliminate waste and variability. This includes designing parts for commonality, limiting optional variations, and sourcing locally for flexibility. Toyota audits suppliers using metrics focused on quality, cost, delivery and their implementation of Toyota's philosophies. Their logistics network transports parts through local and global inbound routes planned through optimization software.
Toyota is the second largest automaker globally but is also the most profitable, with 51 manufacturing companies across 26 countries producing a new vehicle every 6 seconds under its Toyota, Lexus, and Scion brands. Toyota has also diversified its business beyond automotive to include industries like housing, marine, telecommunications, and biotechnology. The company's success is largely attributed to its implementation of the Toyota Production System for efficient manufacturing operations.
Toyota is a large, global automaker headquartered in Japan. It has annual sales of over $397 billion and produces around 5.5 million vehicles per year. Toyota has a vision of leading sustainable mobility and aims to exceed expectations through quality, innovation, and environmental stewardship. It has a history of over 80 years in the automotive industry and was one of the first companies to mass produce affordable cars. Toyota is a major manufacturer known for its Toyota Production System and hybrid electric vehicles.
1. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
De Toyota Manier
14 Management Principes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Referentie: The Toyota Way, door Jeffrey Liker. Vertaald door: J.C.J.A. Deeben
Copyrights of all the pictures used in this presentation are held by their respective owners.
2. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
14
13 Principe 1
12 • Baseer je management beslissingen op een
11 lange-termijn filosofie, ook als dit ten koste
10 gaat van korte-termijn financiele
9 doelstellingen.
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3. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 2
12 • Creëer een continue proces-flow om
11 problemen aan de oppervlakte te brengen.
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4. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 3
12 • Gebruik “pull” (klantvraag) systemen om
11 overproductie te voorkomen.
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5. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 4
12 • Balanceer de workload (heijunka). (Werk als
11 de schildpad, niet als de haas.)
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6. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 5
12 • Bouw een cultuur die er op gericht is de
11 zaken in 1 keer goed doen, in plaats van het
10 oplossen van problemen.
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7. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 6
12 • Gestandariseerde taken en processen zijn het
11 fundament voor continue verbetering en
10 medewerkers-mandaat.
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8. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 7
12 • Gebruik visuele rapportages zodat problemen
11 niet verborgen blijven.
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9. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 8
12 • Gebruik alleen betrouwbare, grondig geteste
11 technologie die je mensen en je processen
10 helpt en ondersteunt.
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10. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 9
12 • Leid leiders op die het werk goed begrijpen,
11 volgens de filosofie leven, en die anderen
10 leren dit ook te doen.
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11. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 10
12 • Ontwikkel uitzonderlijk goede mensen en
11 teams die de filosofie van de organisatie
10 volgen.
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12. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 11
12 • Respecteer je uitgebreide netwerk van
11 partners en leveranciers door hen uit te
10 dagen en te helpen zich te verbeteren.
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13. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 12
12 • Ga zelf kijken hoe het proces werkt zodat je
11 heel goed weet hoe de situatie in de operatie
10 is (genchi genbutsu).
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14. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 13
12 • Neem beslissingen via langzame consensus,
11 weeg alle opties zorgvuldig af. Implementeer
10 beslissingen snel (nemawashi).
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15. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
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13 Principe 14
12 • Word een lerende organisatie doordat je
11 terugkijkt zonder spijt (hansei) en continue
10 verbetering (kaizen).
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16. The Toyota Way - 14 Management Principles
Referentie: The Toyota Way, by Jeffrey Liker.
Vertaald door : J.C.J.A. Deeben
Copyrights of all the pictures used in this presentation are held by their respective owners.