The document discusses two government actions taken after 9/11 to fight terrorism: detaining individuals without charges and establishing military commissions to try non-citizens accused of terrorism. Supporters argue these are necessary to prevent future attacks and protect national security. Critics argue the detentions violate civil liberties and due process, while the commissions could permit indefinite detention and secret trials lacking civilian appeals. There is ongoing debate around balancing security concerns with protecting constitutional rights.
EXTRAJUDICIAL, ARBITRARY, AND SUMMARY EXECUTIONS IN NIGERIAABA IHRC
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999), as amended, by S.33(1) provides that “[e]very persons has a right to life, and no one shall be deprived intentionally of his life, save in execution of the sentence of a Court in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been found guilty in Nigeria.”
Despite the Constitution's clear mandates, there have been daily, gross violations of this Constitutional safeguard to the right to life by security operatives, particularly the Nigeria police. -Osas Justy Erhabor, Esq., IHRC Vice Chair of Special Projects
This document discusses the principles and processes of extradition. It provides examples of extradition cases involving Jose Maria Sison and Charlie "Atong" Ang. Extradition involves the formal transfer of an accused or convicted person between states. Key principles that must be followed include double criminality, where the act is illegal in both jurisdictions, and specialty, where the extradited person can only be tried for the offenses specified in the extradition request. The document also discusses political exceptions and requirements for extradition treaties between states.
Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG), a nationwide human rights lawyers organization in the Philippines.
A material to declare respective communities as Zone of Love and Peace in coordination with the military and police
Minister Lamola's decision on parole for Janusz Walus.SABC News
The Justice Department has announced that in light of the joint ministerial press briefing on the Coronavirus outbreak at the offices of the International Relations Department in Pretoria on Monday, it will now release a statement on the parole reconsideration for Janusz Walus.
The demand to repeal afspa (armed (final) (1)Dikshya Rath
The document discusses the demand to repeal the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) from the states of Jammu and Kashmir and Northeast India. AFSPA grants special powers to the armed forces in "disturbed areas" of these states and has led to allegations of human rights abuses. Irom Sharmila Chanu has been on a hunger strike for over 12 years demanding the repeal of AFSPA, which she blames for violence in Manipur. While some committees have recommended amending AFSPA, it remains controversial due to claims that it enables impunity and violations of civil liberties.
The document is a call to action that warns Americans about the vast powers granted to the President through executive orders and the potential for martial law. It claims the Bush administration has lied to take the country to war and eroded civil liberties. It urges people to prepare to defend their rights and freedoms from an authoritarian government that may suspend elections and detain citizens in internment camps.
Is capital punishment appropriate in india.gagan deep
Capital punishment, or the death penalty, remains a controversial issue in India. While India retains capital punishment for serious crimes like murder, it is only used in the "rarest of rare" cases as determined by the Supreme Court. Arguments for retaining capital punishment include that it acts as a deterrent against serious crimes and is necessary to eliminate dangerous criminals. However, others argue that capital punishment should be abolished as it is a form of judicial murder if an innocent person is executed, and that life imprisonment allowing criminals to reform themselves and support victim families is a better alternative. There are ongoing debates around ensuring fair trials and protecting human rights for those sentenced to death. The appropriate use and potential abolition of capital punishment continues to be discussed in India
EXTRAJUDICIAL, ARBITRARY, AND SUMMARY EXECUTIONS IN NIGERIAABA IHRC
The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999), as amended, by S.33(1) provides that “[e]very persons has a right to life, and no one shall be deprived intentionally of his life, save in execution of the sentence of a Court in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been found guilty in Nigeria.”
Despite the Constitution's clear mandates, there have been daily, gross violations of this Constitutional safeguard to the right to life by security operatives, particularly the Nigeria police. -Osas Justy Erhabor, Esq., IHRC Vice Chair of Special Projects
This document discusses the principles and processes of extradition. It provides examples of extradition cases involving Jose Maria Sison and Charlie "Atong" Ang. Extradition involves the formal transfer of an accused or convicted person between states. Key principles that must be followed include double criminality, where the act is illegal in both jurisdictions, and specialty, where the extradited person can only be tried for the offenses specified in the extradition request. The document also discusses political exceptions and requirements for extradition treaties between states.
Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG), a nationwide human rights lawyers organization in the Philippines.
A material to declare respective communities as Zone of Love and Peace in coordination with the military and police
Minister Lamola's decision on parole for Janusz Walus.SABC News
The Justice Department has announced that in light of the joint ministerial press briefing on the Coronavirus outbreak at the offices of the International Relations Department in Pretoria on Monday, it will now release a statement on the parole reconsideration for Janusz Walus.
The demand to repeal afspa (armed (final) (1)Dikshya Rath
The document discusses the demand to repeal the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) from the states of Jammu and Kashmir and Northeast India. AFSPA grants special powers to the armed forces in "disturbed areas" of these states and has led to allegations of human rights abuses. Irom Sharmila Chanu has been on a hunger strike for over 12 years demanding the repeal of AFSPA, which she blames for violence in Manipur. While some committees have recommended amending AFSPA, it remains controversial due to claims that it enables impunity and violations of civil liberties.
The document is a call to action that warns Americans about the vast powers granted to the President through executive orders and the potential for martial law. It claims the Bush administration has lied to take the country to war and eroded civil liberties. It urges people to prepare to defend their rights and freedoms from an authoritarian government that may suspend elections and detain citizens in internment camps.
Is capital punishment appropriate in india.gagan deep
Capital punishment, or the death penalty, remains a controversial issue in India. While India retains capital punishment for serious crimes like murder, it is only used in the "rarest of rare" cases as determined by the Supreme Court. Arguments for retaining capital punishment include that it acts as a deterrent against serious crimes and is necessary to eliminate dangerous criminals. However, others argue that capital punishment should be abolished as it is a form of judicial murder if an innocent person is executed, and that life imprisonment allowing criminals to reform themselves and support victim families is a better alternative. There are ongoing debates around ensuring fair trials and protecting human rights for those sentenced to death. The appropriate use and potential abolition of capital punishment continues to be discussed in India
The document discusses how in response to terrorist attacks like 9/11, the government has passed legislation like the Patriot Act and FISA that expand surveillance powers but may infringe on civil liberties. It examines several court cases where the State Secrets privilege was used to dismiss lawsuits around warrantless wiretapping programs. While greater security is important, especially during times of crisis, balancing it with civil liberties is challenging and precedents set now may undermine constitutional rights in the long run. Oversight is needed to prevent abuse of powers and protect individuals.
This document discusses the rights of an accused person in Malaysia. It outlines 7 key rights: 1) the right to be informed of the grounds of arrest; 2) the right to contact a friend or relative; 3) the right to legal counsel; 4) the right to be brought before a magistrate within 24 hours; 5) the right to remain silent; 6) the right to confront witnesses; and 7) the right to a speedy trial. It provides examples from Malaysian case law to illustrate how the courts have upheld these rights in keeping with Malaysia's adversarial legal system.
During a UN-sponsored seminar on sexual violence against men and boys in conflict Prof. Laurel Fletcher of UC Berkeley discussed ways in which the legal framework could be strengthened to address sexual violence against men and boys in conflict.
11/25/19 ICC AMICUS CURIAE Of Vogel Denise Newsome (UIE Seal)VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
This is the Amicus Curiae that the United States of America’s President Donald Trump, Congressional Members, Military, their Legal Counsel Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz and their CO-Conspirators (Town of Utica MS Officials/Hinds County MS Officials/Newsome’s Siblings, etc.) had the Utica International Embassy’s Interim Prime Minister Vogel Denise Newsome KIDNAPPED over on 03/25/19, and conspired to have her MURDERED for purposes of silencing her voice in efforts of avoiding Investigations and Prosecution for War Crimes not only in Afghanistan, but here in the United States of America and across the WORLD!
While USA’s Congressional Members are using their Zionist-Controlled Mainstream Media to DISTRACT with their President Trump Impeachment Scandal, we are staying focused and are using our time to provide the WORLD with TRUTH and being sure that HISTORY for the FALL of the United States of America is accurate and that Donald Trump does not take the Fall alone for the WAR CRIMES orchestrated and carried out under the direction and Leadership of the Nazi/Zionist Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz!
This is only the BEGINNING of GREAT Things to come now that we are releasing to the PUBLIC/WORLD the attempts on the Utica International Embassy’s Leader’s Life in the USA’s quest to AVOID Investigations and Prosecutions in the Afghanistan Situation, FAILED Venezuela Invasion/Venezuela Situation, and CONSPIRACIES to have Vogel Denise Newsome MURDERED!
The document discusses arguments around whether the Patriot Act should be repealed. It outlines perspectives from both sides of the debate. Proponents of the Patriot Act argue that it has helped fight terrorism and prosecute hundreds of terrorists, while maintaining civil liberties. Critics argue it infringes on constitutional rights like freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, and unfairly targets immigrants. Both sides cite examples to support their positions in this complex debate around national security, civil rights, and counterterrorism.
The document discusses the Anti-Terrorism Act that was passed in the Philippines in 2007. It summarizes that the law allows for vague definitions of terrorism that could criminalize dissent, as well as warrantless arrests and surveillance. It argues that the law will likely be abused by the Arroyo government and undermine civil liberties and peace negotiations.
SB 1070 is an Arizona state law that allows law enforcement to check immigration status during lawful stops if there is reasonable suspicion of illegal status. It requires immigrants to carry registration documents and allows citizens to sue if they believe authorities are not enforcing immigration laws. Supporters argue it will reduce illegal immigration and crime, while opponents believe it will lead to racial profiling and civil rights violations. The law has been compared to Nazi policies that required ID badges and the internment of Jews.
The Patriot Act was passed in 2001 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It aimed to strengthen national security by expanding the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement. Specifically, it reduced restrictions on searching communications and financial records and broadened the definition of terrorism. While intended to prevent further attacks, the Patriot Act has been criticized for compromising civil liberties and privacy in its application of expanded government powers. Overall, the document discusses the security versus liberty debate in the context of the Patriot Act and its impact on balancing those priorities after 9/11.
The USA Patriot Act was passed in 2001 as a response to the September 11th terrorist attacks. It made several controversial changes to surveillance laws that granted the government expanded powers to monitor communications and financial and medical records. While intended to help prevent terrorism, many felt certain provisions violated civil liberties and privacy protections. The act faced several legal challenges over its most controversial aspects and their application in cases of suspected but ultimately wrongful terrorism accusations.
This document summarizes the political context surrounding Nigeria's 2003 elections. It notes that previous elections organized by civilian governments in 1964 and 1983 were marred by fraud and violence, which led to political instability. There is potential for similar issues in 2003. However, Nigeria's democracy is maturing as the judiciary has ruled responsibly on contentious issues and the government has respected court rulings. Overall, political transition is inherently conflictual but progress has been made, and elections should be viewed as one part of an ongoing democratic development process rather than democracy itself.
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act grants special powers to the armed forces in India's "disturbed areas." It has been controversial due to concerns about human rights violations where it is enforced. The act allows soldiers to shoot to kill, arrest without warrant, and destroy property. It originated from ordinances under British rule and was passed in 1958 for Assam and Manipur. It has since been expanded and amended, including giving the central government power to declare disturbed areas. Critics argue it gives immunity and fuels cycles of violence, while supporters say it is needed to address security threats.
The document outlines various rights protected by the Philippine Constitution. It discusses the inherent powers of the state including police power, eminent domain, and taxation. It also categorizes rights as natural rights, constitutional rights, and statutory rights. The document then describes different types of constitutional rights and enumerates specific rights of citizens such as the right to life, liberty, property, equal protection, and privacy. It provides details on rights of the accused such as due process, bail, speedy trial, and right against self-incrimination.
Transition from military regime to civilian rule by Brownson, Samuel O.Samuel Brown
Political transition in Nigeria has been based not only on the military ruler's conviction that civil rule was desirable but also on the expectation of the people that, after the military performed its rescue operation, it should turn power over to civilians.
Military regime is better than civilian rule Samuel Brown
The document argues that military rule is better than civilian rule in Nigeria for several reasons:
1) Military regimes in Nigeria's past were able to develop infrastructure like roads and bridges more so than current civilian administrations. Military rule also provided more law and order.
2) Civilian governments in Nigeria are plagued by high levels of corruption, violence, unemployment and other issues to an even greater extent than past military regimes. Checks and balances in the civilian system have proven ineffective.
3) A competent military leader could provide the discipline, structure and order needed to develop Nigeria, whereas civilian leaders are often self-interested and corrupt. Military rule would take a stronger stance against indiscipline in the country.
11/27/17 NOTICE TO FILE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT COMPLAINT - With Email C...VogelDenise
This document is a notice from Vogel Denise Newsome, a community activist, to various international bodies including the International Criminal Court and United States Department of Justice. Newsome requests investigations and prosecution of the United States government for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. Specific examples provided include the Tuskegee experiments on Black Americans, sterilization programs, forced adoptions of Native American children, and the murder of Trayvon Martin. Newsome asserts these crimes were directed against protected groups in the US including Native Americans and Black/African Americans. The notice alleges a widespread and systematic attack against civilians as part of US government policy.
Final presentation rev 1 - USA Patriot Actgbsmith5
The USA PATRIOT Act was passed 45 days after 9/11 to enhance domestic security and increase surveillance powers. It impacted laws around intelligence gathering, immigration, and more. While proponents argued it granted needed powers to fight terrorism, critics said it infringed on civil liberties. There have been ongoing legal challenges around its scope and application. As time has passed, there are calls to reevaluate the act and ensure powers are not abused.
Russian Sanctions: What the U.S. and OFAC Directives Mean for Global CompaniesEthisphere
The document provides an overview and summary of recent U.S. sanctions imposed in response to the Russian actions in Ukraine and the implications for global companies. It discusses the sanctions that have designated individuals and entities in Russia, examines entities that may be considered "owned or controlled" by designated persons, and outlines steps companies can take to mitigate risks from potential expansion of sanctions to other sectors of the Russian economy.
092812 David Addington Article (ENGLISH)VogelDenise
David Addington is a powerful but little known government lawyer who has served as chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney. He played a key role in many controversial Bush administration national security policies and legal positions after 9/11. Addington is a staunch advocate of expansive executive power and the unitary executive theory. He believes the president alone has authority over national security matters and that Congress cannot impede the president's constitutional powers. Addington helped draft hundreds of presidential signing statements that asserted expansive interpretations of executive authority.
Este documento presenta un memorama de frutas y verduras en forma de cuadrícula. En él se muestran imágenes de diferentes frutas y verduras ordenadas en filas y columnas para facilitar su memorización y aprendizaje.
This document provides vocabulary words and sentences using those words to demonstrate their meaning. It includes words like swooping, drifting, glaring, giggled, struggled, attention, and complained. Example sentences are given to show how each word is used in context to describe flying, floating away, staring angrily, whining, trying hard to move, looking closely, and voicing dissatisfaction. Students are then asked to review the words by spelling them out while clapping.
The document provides information on rubber materials and gland design for O-rings. It discusses the polymers used in rubber compounds, common fillers and plasticizers added during compounding, and various polymer types including nitrile, ethylene propylene, fluorocarbon, and silicone. It also covers standard testing procedures, considerations for gland design such as squeeze, stretch, and fill ratio, and common failure modes of O-rings like compression set and abrasion.
The document discusses how in response to terrorist attacks like 9/11, the government has passed legislation like the Patriot Act and FISA that expand surveillance powers but may infringe on civil liberties. It examines several court cases where the State Secrets privilege was used to dismiss lawsuits around warrantless wiretapping programs. While greater security is important, especially during times of crisis, balancing it with civil liberties is challenging and precedents set now may undermine constitutional rights in the long run. Oversight is needed to prevent abuse of powers and protect individuals.
This document discusses the rights of an accused person in Malaysia. It outlines 7 key rights: 1) the right to be informed of the grounds of arrest; 2) the right to contact a friend or relative; 3) the right to legal counsel; 4) the right to be brought before a magistrate within 24 hours; 5) the right to remain silent; 6) the right to confront witnesses; and 7) the right to a speedy trial. It provides examples from Malaysian case law to illustrate how the courts have upheld these rights in keeping with Malaysia's adversarial legal system.
During a UN-sponsored seminar on sexual violence against men and boys in conflict Prof. Laurel Fletcher of UC Berkeley discussed ways in which the legal framework could be strengthened to address sexual violence against men and boys in conflict.
11/25/19 ICC AMICUS CURIAE Of Vogel Denise Newsome (UIE Seal)VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
This is the Amicus Curiae that the United States of America’s President Donald Trump, Congressional Members, Military, their Legal Counsel Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz and their CO-Conspirators (Town of Utica MS Officials/Hinds County MS Officials/Newsome’s Siblings, etc.) had the Utica International Embassy’s Interim Prime Minister Vogel Denise Newsome KIDNAPPED over on 03/25/19, and conspired to have her MURDERED for purposes of silencing her voice in efforts of avoiding Investigations and Prosecution for War Crimes not only in Afghanistan, but here in the United States of America and across the WORLD!
While USA’s Congressional Members are using their Zionist-Controlled Mainstream Media to DISTRACT with their President Trump Impeachment Scandal, we are staying focused and are using our time to provide the WORLD with TRUTH and being sure that HISTORY for the FALL of the United States of America is accurate and that Donald Trump does not take the Fall alone for the WAR CRIMES orchestrated and carried out under the direction and Leadership of the Nazi/Zionist Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz!
This is only the BEGINNING of GREAT Things to come now that we are releasing to the PUBLIC/WORLD the attempts on the Utica International Embassy’s Leader’s Life in the USA’s quest to AVOID Investigations and Prosecutions in the Afghanistan Situation, FAILED Venezuela Invasion/Venezuela Situation, and CONSPIRACIES to have Vogel Denise Newsome MURDERED!
The document discusses arguments around whether the Patriot Act should be repealed. It outlines perspectives from both sides of the debate. Proponents of the Patriot Act argue that it has helped fight terrorism and prosecute hundreds of terrorists, while maintaining civil liberties. Critics argue it infringes on constitutional rights like freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, and unfairly targets immigrants. Both sides cite examples to support their positions in this complex debate around national security, civil rights, and counterterrorism.
The document discusses the Anti-Terrorism Act that was passed in the Philippines in 2007. It summarizes that the law allows for vague definitions of terrorism that could criminalize dissent, as well as warrantless arrests and surveillance. It argues that the law will likely be abused by the Arroyo government and undermine civil liberties and peace negotiations.
SB 1070 is an Arizona state law that allows law enforcement to check immigration status during lawful stops if there is reasonable suspicion of illegal status. It requires immigrants to carry registration documents and allows citizens to sue if they believe authorities are not enforcing immigration laws. Supporters argue it will reduce illegal immigration and crime, while opponents believe it will lead to racial profiling and civil rights violations. The law has been compared to Nazi policies that required ID badges and the internment of Jews.
The Patriot Act was passed in 2001 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It aimed to strengthen national security by expanding the surveillance and investigative powers of law enforcement. Specifically, it reduced restrictions on searching communications and financial records and broadened the definition of terrorism. While intended to prevent further attacks, the Patriot Act has been criticized for compromising civil liberties and privacy in its application of expanded government powers. Overall, the document discusses the security versus liberty debate in the context of the Patriot Act and its impact on balancing those priorities after 9/11.
The USA Patriot Act was passed in 2001 as a response to the September 11th terrorist attacks. It made several controversial changes to surveillance laws that granted the government expanded powers to monitor communications and financial and medical records. While intended to help prevent terrorism, many felt certain provisions violated civil liberties and privacy protections. The act faced several legal challenges over its most controversial aspects and their application in cases of suspected but ultimately wrongful terrorism accusations.
This document summarizes the political context surrounding Nigeria's 2003 elections. It notes that previous elections organized by civilian governments in 1964 and 1983 were marred by fraud and violence, which led to political instability. There is potential for similar issues in 2003. However, Nigeria's democracy is maturing as the judiciary has ruled responsibly on contentious issues and the government has respected court rulings. Overall, political transition is inherently conflictual but progress has been made, and elections should be viewed as one part of an ongoing democratic development process rather than democracy itself.
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act grants special powers to the armed forces in India's "disturbed areas." It has been controversial due to concerns about human rights violations where it is enforced. The act allows soldiers to shoot to kill, arrest without warrant, and destroy property. It originated from ordinances under British rule and was passed in 1958 for Assam and Manipur. It has since been expanded and amended, including giving the central government power to declare disturbed areas. Critics argue it gives immunity and fuels cycles of violence, while supporters say it is needed to address security threats.
The document outlines various rights protected by the Philippine Constitution. It discusses the inherent powers of the state including police power, eminent domain, and taxation. It also categorizes rights as natural rights, constitutional rights, and statutory rights. The document then describes different types of constitutional rights and enumerates specific rights of citizens such as the right to life, liberty, property, equal protection, and privacy. It provides details on rights of the accused such as due process, bail, speedy trial, and right against self-incrimination.
Transition from military regime to civilian rule by Brownson, Samuel O.Samuel Brown
Political transition in Nigeria has been based not only on the military ruler's conviction that civil rule was desirable but also on the expectation of the people that, after the military performed its rescue operation, it should turn power over to civilians.
Military regime is better than civilian rule Samuel Brown
The document argues that military rule is better than civilian rule in Nigeria for several reasons:
1) Military regimes in Nigeria's past were able to develop infrastructure like roads and bridges more so than current civilian administrations. Military rule also provided more law and order.
2) Civilian governments in Nigeria are plagued by high levels of corruption, violence, unemployment and other issues to an even greater extent than past military regimes. Checks and balances in the civilian system have proven ineffective.
3) A competent military leader could provide the discipline, structure and order needed to develop Nigeria, whereas civilian leaders are often self-interested and corrupt. Military rule would take a stronger stance against indiscipline in the country.
11/27/17 NOTICE TO FILE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT COMPLAINT - With Email C...VogelDenise
This document is a notice from Vogel Denise Newsome, a community activist, to various international bodies including the International Criminal Court and United States Department of Justice. Newsome requests investigations and prosecution of the United States government for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. Specific examples provided include the Tuskegee experiments on Black Americans, sterilization programs, forced adoptions of Native American children, and the murder of Trayvon Martin. Newsome asserts these crimes were directed against protected groups in the US including Native Americans and Black/African Americans. The notice alleges a widespread and systematic attack against civilians as part of US government policy.
Final presentation rev 1 - USA Patriot Actgbsmith5
The USA PATRIOT Act was passed 45 days after 9/11 to enhance domestic security and increase surveillance powers. It impacted laws around intelligence gathering, immigration, and more. While proponents argued it granted needed powers to fight terrorism, critics said it infringed on civil liberties. There have been ongoing legal challenges around its scope and application. As time has passed, there are calls to reevaluate the act and ensure powers are not abused.
Russian Sanctions: What the U.S. and OFAC Directives Mean for Global CompaniesEthisphere
The document provides an overview and summary of recent U.S. sanctions imposed in response to the Russian actions in Ukraine and the implications for global companies. It discusses the sanctions that have designated individuals and entities in Russia, examines entities that may be considered "owned or controlled" by designated persons, and outlines steps companies can take to mitigate risks from potential expansion of sanctions to other sectors of the Russian economy.
092812 David Addington Article (ENGLISH)VogelDenise
David Addington is a powerful but little known government lawyer who has served as chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney. He played a key role in many controversial Bush administration national security policies and legal positions after 9/11. Addington is a staunch advocate of expansive executive power and the unitary executive theory. He believes the president alone has authority over national security matters and that Congress cannot impede the president's constitutional powers. Addington helped draft hundreds of presidential signing statements that asserted expansive interpretations of executive authority.
Este documento presenta un memorama de frutas y verduras en forma de cuadrícula. En él se muestran imágenes de diferentes frutas y verduras ordenadas en filas y columnas para facilitar su memorización y aprendizaje.
This document provides vocabulary words and sentences using those words to demonstrate their meaning. It includes words like swooping, drifting, glaring, giggled, struggled, attention, and complained. Example sentences are given to show how each word is used in context to describe flying, floating away, staring angrily, whining, trying hard to move, looking closely, and voicing dissatisfaction. Students are then asked to review the words by spelling them out while clapping.
The document provides information on rubber materials and gland design for O-rings. It discusses the polymers used in rubber compounds, common fillers and plasticizers added during compounding, and various polymer types including nitrile, ethylene propylene, fluorocarbon, and silicone. It also covers standard testing procedures, considerations for gland design such as squeeze, stretch, and fill ratio, and common failure modes of O-rings like compression set and abrasion.
Vestavia Hills Receives Smart Government Award 6.7.10MuniRDS
THE CITY OF VESTAVIA HILLS RECEIVES SMART GOVERNMENT HONOR FROM REVENUE DISCOVERY SYSTEMS (RDS)
The Library in the Forest provides a destination for learning
and an environmental showcase
1) In 1866, the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that the military trial of Lambdin P. Milligan was unconstitutional since civilian courts were still operating. The ruling established limits on martial law.
2) In 1919, the Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act conviction of Charles Schenck for distributing leaflets urging draft resistance, establishing the "clear and present danger" test for limiting free speech during wartime.
3) In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans in Korematsu v. United States, deferring to claims of military necessity, though the decision was later criticized for failing to adequately protect civil liberties during wartime hysteria.
The document is a fiction story about whales. It describes how villagers in a remote Arctic village hear the calls of hungry whales through a young girl named Glashka. The villagers work to help the whales by chipping away edges of ice for them to access food. However, the whales are afraid to approach due to the presence of a large ship nearby. Various types of music are then played to help guide the whales to follow the ship to a safe location where they can feed.
1) In 1866, the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that the military trial of Lambdin P. Milligan was illegal since civilian courts were still operating, and martial law cannot exist in such a situation. The ruling upheld the right to trial by jury.
2) In 1919, the Supreme Court upheld Charles Schenck's Espionage Act conviction for distributing leaflets urging draft resistance, establishing that free speech is not absolute and can be limited during wartime to prevent threats to national security.
3) During WWII, the Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans in Korematsu v. United States, deferring to claims of military necessity, though the decision was later criticized for failing to
The document provides a chronological overview of 33 DBQ (document-based questions) prompts from 1976 to 2001 that cover various periods and topics in American history from the colonial era to the mid-20th century. The prompts examine differences between New England and Chesapeake colonies, changes in American society in the mid-18th century, the development of a pre-revolutionary American identity, and the impact of the French and Indian War on Britain's colonies, among other subjects.
Music provides refuge and washes away the stresses of everyday life for many people. It is a universal language that soothes the mind and flows from heaven to the soul. Music is everywhere in modern society, playing in homes, stores, cars, and on personal devices, and is enjoyed by most people everyday. The document argues that music will remain popular and endure for a long time.
Reggaeton is a mixture of Latin music and hip-hop that originated in Jamaica in the 1970s and has since evolved. While it was first performed in Panama, the first Spanish rap was performed in Puerto Rico. However, reggaeton did not truly originate in either country, though both adopted the genre. The Caribbean migrants helped bring the early sounds of reggaeton to Panama as they worked on the Panama Canal in the early 20th century.
This document provides information about volcanoes through expository nonfiction. It defines key terms like volcanoes, lava, earthquakes, and chimney. It explains that volcanoes are hills or mountains built up by lava and ash around an opening in Earth's crust. Beneath the surface, tectonic plates collide with great force, causing earthquakes and allowing lava and ash to flow from volcanoes.
This document provides a timeline of key events and speeches in Martin Luther King Jr.'s civil rights activism, including his leadership in the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Albany Georgia Movement, his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech, accepting the Nobel Peace Prize, and his final "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech before his assassination. It also includes bibliographic references for further research on Martin Luther King Jr.
The 1950s in America saw a period of prosperity and cultural change. Eisenhower was elected president twice on the message of peace and prosperity. Popular culture reflected the growing consumerism of the postwar period through the rise of new franchises like McDonald's and products for the home like frozen dinners and Tupperware. The idealized image of the nuclear family and the housewife's role dominated social norms, though figures like Betty Friedan began criticizing the feminine mystique. The civil rights movement also gained momentum through new legislation and the work of activists.
This document discusses key events and accomplishments in Martin Luther King Jr.'s career, including his involvement in the Montgomery Bus Boycott, founding of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, leadership of the Albany Georgia Movement, delivering of the iconic "I Have A Dream" speech, acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize, and final "I've Been To The Mountaintop" speech before his assassination. It also provides a bibliography of websites used as sources of information about MLK.
The document discusses civil liberties in the United States Constitution. It provides context on the Bill of Rights and how it protects individual freedoms such as freedom of speech, press, religion, and protections from unlawful search and seizure. It also discusses ongoing debates around balancing individual rights with societal interests and national security, including discussions on the USA PATRIOT Act and presidential powers in times of war or crisis.
Below is the responces and attached the assignment thanksDisc.docxCruzIbarra161
The document discusses the Patriot Act and its expansion of law enforcement and government powers after 9/11. It provides the example of how the loose definition of terrorism in the Patriot Act allows authorities to pursue individuals for regular criminal activities if deemed potential terrorism. However, this has led to abuse of power and violations of civil liberties. The document also discusses how the Patriot Act allows searches of homes and businesses without warrants, which infringes on 4th Amendment rights. While intended to help detect terrorists, the Patriot Act is criticized for worsening civil liberties.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 fundamentally altered the United States and the world. In response, the US adopted an aggressive policy of prevention aimed at incapacitating any potential threats, but this led the government to sacrifice civil liberties by targeting and detaining people based on speculation rather than evidence of wrongdoing. The Bush administration justified many of its counterterrorism policies, including the war in Iraq and domestic surveillance programs, on preventive grounds despite risks to core legal and ethical principles when using such a speculative predictive approach.
Juan J Malfavon pursuing criminal justice outlinejuansclass
This document outlines Juan Malfavon's pursuit of knowledge in the criminal justice system, specifically policing. It discusses the investigation process, detention of criminals, and formal arrest procedures as key practices in policing. It also examines challenges like developing multicultural training programs and establishing nationwide law enforcement standards. The document advocates for information sharing between agencies and argues that legal changes like the Patriot Act are necessary responses to increasing terrorism.
Our unstable world has left many American’s to consider the costs and benefits of national security and civil rights. This paper briefly reviews the States Secret Privilege, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), and The Patriot Act. In response to the attacks to our financial capital in New York and our nation’s defense department, The Patriot Act was enacted. These expansive powers granted to protect our security are examined in terms of how the impact upon potential limitations to our Constitutional Rights.
The document discusses the history and impacts of the Patriot Act passed after 9/11. It summarizes that the Act allowed increased intelligence sharing but infringed on civil liberties. While security needed improving after 9/11, the government should not violate constitutional rights. A balance is needed to protect both liberty and security.
Respond to these four Kimberly HolcombThursdayMay 9 at 72.docxcwilliam4
Respond to these four
Kimberly Holcomb
ThursdayMay 9 at 7:24pm
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September 11, 2001 is a day that no one in America will forget. I can still remember where I was, at the time, what I was doing, and how I reacted to it. September 11, 2001 will always be remembered as 9/11. This is the day that terrorist attacked America, on American soil. Terrorist hijacked 4 airplanes attacking the twin towers in New York, the pentagon, one was crashed in Pennsylvania. There were several people killed and injured, but America as a hole was wounded (Costly, 2019 para1).
Not long after 9/11, U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft, went to congress with several options to combat terrorism. Many of them was omitted by congress because they infringed on citizens rights, but they did approve the USA Patriot Act. The USA Patriot Act stands for United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools, that will Intersect and Obstruct Terrorism (Costly, 2019).
The day after the Patriot Act was implemented, the House of Representatives passed a bill called 357-66. 357-66 is a bill that is 357 pages long and changed over 15 laws. In 2005, President George W. Bush approved surveillance of cell phone and monitor all emails. President Bush decision did not go over well with many people in America, they felt their civil liberties was being violated (Doherty, 2014).
The U.S. Constitution's Fourth Amendment and Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 made it where the government had to have a warrant to search someone’s property, so when President Bush made that decision, it made many U.S. citizens feel their liberties were violated. Then there was NSL’s (National Security Letters). The NSL’s allowed the government to access people “suspected” of terrorisms phone records, and the electronic communication (Doherty).
Paul Hillman
Paul Hillman
ThursdayMay 9 at 7:53pm
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The landscape of National Security definitely changed after the attacks of 9/11. The war on terror and the way it was covered by the national media helped to put the nation into a state of near panic. Both political parties were looking for ways to increase ways to gain intelligence A domestically they are hampered by the constitution. The patriot act enables the government to wiretap its own citizens without a warrant signed by a judge if it is believed it is in the best interest of national security. Ailong with the creation of the TSA and the increased regulations that come with flying commercially, there are numerous ways that our government has slowly took away more civil liberties. There is good argument that it has helped make our country a safer place because there have been multiple attempted terrorist attacks stopped before anyone was hurt. The civil liberties aren’t the only ones being stripped as the war on terror has also led to increased use of “enhanced interrogation techniques” or what s.
After putting a box of old poetry manuscripts in the trash, a professor was reported to police by a student as a "Middle Eastern man" acting suspiciously. This led to an evacuation of campus buildings and cancellation of classes as the bomb squad investigated. It was revealed to be just recycling. However, the incident showed how an innocent action by a person of color can be viewed as a threat due to a culture of fear and profiling. While the university denied the report was racially motivated, the professor was deeply troubled by the profiling and atmosphere of suspicion it revealed.
The document provides several arguments against the death penalty:
1) Innocent people have been executed and there is no way to remedy this once carried out. Research shows 1 in 7 on death row in the US are later found innocent.
2) Methods of execution (hanging, gas, electrocution, firing squad) are cruel and inhumane, torturing the person physically and mentally.
3) The death penalty system is expensive and costs significantly more than life imprisonment without parole. Some states have eliminated it for this reason.
Students will research and present on a key person or event from the Civil Rights Movement. They have two class periods to research their assigned topic using netbooks and other materials. Presentations must be 3-4 minutes long using a poster board or PowerPoint and address how the topic influenced the movement, its effects on society, and ongoing impacts today. Students will also complete a homework assignment such as a poem, haikus, or reflection. The purpose is to learn about important figures and terms that advanced civil rights and their lasting effects on culture and society. A schedule outlines research, assembly, presentations, and the grading breakdown.
This document provides a list of topics related to US history between the 1920s-1940s including reasons for US isolationism, the importance of the navy, 1930s electorate politics, Keynesian economics, Dollar Diplomacy and the Roosevelt Corollary foreign policy, the three main economic systems, influential women and novelists of the era, the NRA organization, and why the US entered WWI. The list appears to identify concepts and events that would be useful to review in order to gain a high-level understanding of US domestic and foreign policy during the early 20th century.
This document outlines a class schedule for a US History course covering several topics from the 1920s to modern day, including the Great Depression, New Deal, World War II, Cold War, Nixon/Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush, Clinton, Bush Jr., and Obama administrations. Key assignments include essays, simulations, debates, and a final AP exam review.
This document discusses seven habits for effective living: begin with the end in mind, put first things first, think win-win, seek first to understand then to be understood, and synergize. It emphasizes the importance of planning for the future, prioritizing important tasks, considering others' perspectives, and cooperating to achieve mutual benefit rather than competition.
This document provides directions for a civil liberties activity where students will:
1) Complete a questionnaire about their opinions on civil liberties amendments.
2) Review key civil liberties amendments, wartime examples, and court cases about detention and the military.
3) Decide how court cases should be ruled and why based on what they learned.
4) Summarize arguments for and against detention and military commissions, incorporating comments from others.
5) Identify the most compelling arguments and which side has constitutional support.
6) Write a paragraph giving their opinion on the current balance between national security and civil liberties.
Milligan v. national security regarding habeas corpus and fair trials. Schenck v. national security regarding freedom of the press. Japanese removal v. national security regarding deprivation of life, liberty and property.
The student worksheet presents a questionnaire asking whether the government should have certain rights if they suspect an individual of terrorist activities. The rights inquired about include obtaining private records without consent, conducting searches and surveillance without warrants, indefinite imprisonment without charges, secret identities and trials without civilian juries or rights to legal counsel and appeals.
The document summarizes key clauses from the US Constitution and amendments that guarantee civil liberties and rights. It includes clauses protecting habeas corpus, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, right to privacy, due process, right to a fair trial, and equal protection under the law.
Your self-esteem and confidence can be thought of as a personal bank account, with deposits representing positive behaviors like keeping promises to yourself, acts of kindness, and using your talents, while withdrawals are negative behaviors such as breaking promises, isolation, self-criticism, and neglecting your abilities. Maintaining a healthy bank account through deposits leads to benefits like resilience, positivity, and goal-driven behavior, whereas a poor account marked by withdrawals can result in depression, peer-pleasing, and insecurity.
Habit one discusses being proactive versus reactive. It notes that proactive people take responsibility for their choices, think before acting, and focus on things they can control, while reactive people are easily offended, blame others, and wait for things to happen to them. The document advises becoming an agent of change by turning setbacks into triumphs, rising above abuse, and becoming a "can do" person focused on responding productively when things happen.
This document provides questions about multiple primary sources related to US neutrality and involvement in World War I. It includes questions about speeches and letters by President Woodrow Wilson and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan addressing US neutrality and shifting policies. It also includes questions about propaganda documents aimed at influencing US public opinion, such as a political cartoon portraying America's decision to enter the war. The document requests an outline answering the source questions in a chronological essay analyzing the US transition from neutrality to active involvement on the side of the Allies against Germany.
1. Student Worksheet 3: GOVERNMENT ACTIONS TO FIGHT TERRORISM<br />Since September 11, 2001 Congress has passed an antiterrorism law, the U.S. Patriot Act, and President Bush's administration has taken steps it maintains will strengthen the U.S. in the fight against terrorism. Some of these measures, however, are being seriously questioned and actively opposed by individuals and groups, primarily on the grounds that they endanger Constitutional provisions protecting civil liberties. Two of them are described briefly below along with arguments pro and con.<br />1. DETENTIONS<br />Congress approved the U.S. Patriot Act on October 25, 2001, and President Bush signed it into law the following day. It includes provisions expanding the government's authority to wiretap and to monitor computers, allowing federal officials to obtain nationwide search warrants, and enabling penetration of money-laundering banks.<br />As of April 2002 more than 1100 non-citizens, mostly of Middle Eastern or South Asian descent, had been detained for months. Authorities will not reveal who they are or why they are being held.<br />Support for the Detentions<br />a. Aggressive detention policies are quot;
vital to preventing, disrupting or delaying new attacks. It is difficult for a person in jail or under detention to murder innocent people or to aid or abet in terrorism. - John Ashcroft, U.S. Attorney General<br />b. quot;
...It is my responsibility, at the direction of the President, to exercise those core executive powers the Constitution so designates. The law enforcement initiatives undertaken by the Department of Justice, those individuals we arrest, detain or seek to interview, fall under those core executive powers.quot;
- John Ashcroft, U.S. Attorney General<br />c. quot;
A sleeper is a committed terrorist sent sometimes years in advance into a possible target location, where he may assume a new identity and live an outwardly normal life, all the while waiting to launch a terrorist attack....Now how are we going to combat the terrorists' use of sleepers? We could continue as before and hope for the best, or we can do what we are currently doing-pursuing a comprehensive and systematic investigative approach that uses every available lawful technique to identify, disrupt and, if possible, incarcerate or deport persons who pose threats to our national security.quot;
- Michael Chertoff, a Justice Department official<br />Opposition to the Detentions<br />a. quot;
The Patriot Act authorizes the Attorney General to lock up aliens, potentially indefinitely, on mere suspicion, without any hearing and without any obligation to establish to a court that the detention is necessary to forestall flight or danger to the community.... The Justice Department refuses to disclose even the most basic information about most of the detainees, such as who they are, what they are being held for or where they're imprisoned....Never in our history has the government engaged in such a blanket practice of secret incarceration.quot;
<br />-David Cole, law professor, Georgetown University<br />b. quot;
Initially, it was a huge sweep, and it seemed like there was some basis for thinking these people might have some information on terrorists. But as things have gone on, it has come to seem very broad and overreaching, a fishing expedition instead of a targeted law enforcement effort.quot;
<br />-Jeanne A. Butterfield, Executive Director of the American Immigration Lawyers Association<br />c. quot;
Uzma Naheed is a Pakistani woman whose husband and brother were taken from their New Jersey homes in the middle of the night by INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) officers this past fall. Four months later, she had still not seen her brother and had no idea why either man was being held. 'No one is telling us what is going on,' she said tearfully. Like many families of detainees, she and her children have been left without any financial support, and she has had to sell her belongings to buy food.quot;
<br />-Liza Featherstone, The Nation, 4/1/0<br />2. MILITARY COMMISSIONS<br />President Bush issued a Military Order on November 13 providing for military commissions or tribunals to try non-citizens charged with terrorism because quot;
an extraordinary emergency exists.quot;
The Order states further quot;
it is not practicable to apply in military commissions under this order the principles of law and the rules of evidence generally recognized in the trial of criminal cases in the United States district courts.quot;
<br />Mainly because the President's order did not include the rules for such commissions, there were widespread criticisms that it disregarded the Constitution, would deny prisoners due process and called for secret trials which would probably lead to swift convictions and executions.<br />On March 21, 2002 the Bush administration announced what the procedures would be, making concessions to earlier criticisms but not entirely eliminating them. The rules now include a presumption of innocence; the right of prisoners to have military lawyers paid for by the government and to have civilian lawyers at their own expense; access to the prosecution's evidence; a public trial conducted by military officers (though classified information will be kept secret); a two-thirds vote for conviction but unanimity for the death penalty.<br />Among the criticisms of the rules are that they permit hearsay evidence; do not provide for an independent civilian appeals procedure; allow indefinite detention; and might not result in the release of prisoners even if they are acquitted.<br />Support for the Military Commissions<br />a. quot;
I have reserved the option of trial by military commission for foreign terrorists who wage war against our country. Noncitizens, non-U.S. citizens who plan and/or commit mass murder are more than criminal suspects. They are unlawful combatants who seek to destroy our country and our way of life. And if I determine that it is in the national security interest of our great land to try by military commission those who make war on America, then we will do so...quot;
-President Bush<br />b. quot;
What happens if, in the course of this war, we apprehend or capture an enemy and we want to bring him to justice? What if the information necessary to bring him to justice would compromise our capacity to keep America safe. It seems like to me the president of the United States ought to have the option to protect the national security interests of the country, and therefore protect America from further attack.quot;
- President Bush<br />c. quot;
Like presidents before him, President Bush has invoked his power to establish military commissions to try enemy belligerents who commit war crimes. In appropriate circumstances, these commissions provide important advantages over civilian trials. They spare American jurors, judges, and courts the grave risks associated with terrorist trials. They allow the government to use classified information as evidence without compromising intelligence or military efforts. They can dispense justice swiftly.... Enemy war criminals are not entitled to the same procedural protections as people who violate our domestic law ....The President's order authorizes the Secretary of Defense to close proceedings to protect classified information. It does not require that any trial, or even portions of a trial, be conducted in secret.... The order specifically directs that all trials before military commissions will be 'full and fair.' Everyone tried before a military commission will know the charges against him, be represented by qualified counsel, and be allowed to present a defense....Military commissions do not undermine the constitutional values of civil liberties or separation of powers; they protect them by ensuring the United States may wage war against external enemies and defeat them.quot;
<br />-Alberto R. Gonzales, counsel to President Bush<br />d. quot;
If one steps back from examining the procedures provision by provision and instead drops a plumb line down through the center of all, we believe that most people will find that, taken together, they are fair and balanced and that justice will be served in their application.quot;
-Secretary of Defense, Donald H. Rumsfeld<br />Opposition to Military Commissions<br />a. quot;
Not to have an independent court of appeals and then to have the President have the final say potentially undercuts whatever fairness they've sought to provide at the trial level.quot;
-Jamie Fellner, Human Rights Watch<br />b. quot;
They create a tribunal that they say is fair, but then they can say, 'We don't like the results and the hell with it, we're going to hold you anyway.' This is a follow-on to their policy of holding people indefinitely before you charge them.quot;
<br />-Don Rehkopf, co-chairman of the military law committee of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers<br />c. quot;
The Bush administration's plans for military tribunals to try suspected terrorists are less troubling now than they were when the idea was first announced four months ago. But there is still no practical or legal justification for having the tribunals. The United States has a criminal justice system that is a model for the rest of the world. There is no reason to scrap it in these cases.quot;
<br />-New York Times editorial, 3/22/02<br />d. quot;
'Foreign terrorists who commit war crimes against the United States, in my judgment, are not entitled to and do not deserve the protections of the American Constitution,' says John Ashcroft in defense of the tribunals. First, the reasoning is alarmingly circular in Ashcroft's characterization of those who have not yet been convicted as 'terrorists.'....Second, it is worrisome when the highest prosecutor in the land declares that war criminals do not 'deserve' basic constitutional protections. We confer due process not because putative criminals are 'deserving' recipients of rights-as-reward....What makes rights rights is that they ritualize the importance of solid, impartial, and public consensus before we take life or liberty from anyone, particularly those whom we fear. We ritualize this process to make sure we don't all suffer the grief of great tragedies to blind us with mob fury, inflamed judgments and uninformed reasoning.quot;
- Patricia J. Williams, law professor, Columbia University<br />