International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Examples from the Philippines and elsewhere of disaster recovery processes. How does the transitional period connect the early emergency with the reconstruction phase?
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
With more than 16 years' experience in the field, JINPAT has established long term business relationships with transnational corporations, research institutes, military-industry departments, famous universities as well as a lot of companies in various industries at home and abroad. At present, JINPAT are looking for excellent dealers in the world.
Ties Adjusted Nonparametric Statististical Method For The Analysis Of Ordered...inventionjournals
This paper proposes a nonparametric statistical method for the analysis of repeated measures
that adjusts for the possibility of tied observation in the data which may be observations in time, space or
condition. The proposed method develops a test statistic for testing whether subjects are progressively
improving (or getting worse) in their experience over time, space or condition. The method is illustrated with
some data and shown to be at least as powerful as the Friedman’s two way analysis of variance test by ranks
even in the absence of any in-built ordering in the variable under study
The textbook for the class is Teich, A. H. (2012). Technology and .docxchristalgrieg
The textbook for the class is Teich, A. H. (2012). Technology and the future. New York: Wadsworth
The following module concerns the importance of technology in human affairs. At the end of this lesson the student should be able to illustrate the differences between science and technology, and how technology is used to to transform raw material and resources into products using specialized machine tools and the factory system. The student should also be able to illustrate some of the consequences that could result from technological development. Please open this folder to find your assignment, additional readings, grading rubrics, and submission details. Note, you may need to scroll down a bit within this folder to see any additional material contained within the folder.
Students must develop the ability to assess the implementation technology has on society including its social, cultural, and environmental consequences. Future graduates need to assess technology as part of their job related duties in business, industry, government, or as private citizens. Technology is constantly assessed in an attempt to determine its overall value in meeting human needs, wants, and desires. The introduction of new technology has costs and benefits that can result in anticipated and unanticipated consequences for society. It is often the role of individuals to determine if a technology should be adopted and fostered in society. As you complete this dialogue aid sheet, please use complete sentences, and provide more than just a sentence or two. For most of the topics being addressed in the readings, you will need to develop several paragraphs or more for each section on this sheet to fully illustrate your ideas. Please check your spelling and grammar before submitting these for grading.
Identify three basic, yet major concepts which were dealt with in this reading:
What do you believe to be the most insightful idea in this reading?
What do you believe to be the greatest weakness in this selection?
What are the ethical issues and perspectives that are associated with this technology?
What are the social, cultural, or environmental issues associated with this technology?
The following lecture will provide an overview of the class, and illustrate the differences
in how science, technology, and engineering are utilized in a contemporary society.
This lesson illustrates the various interpretations of how modern technology is viewed in
a contemporary society.
Ways (1959) and Toffler (1970, 1980) have indicated that the accelerating rate of
change is a result of science and technology. According to Ways and Toffler, such
change can be documented by reviewing the rapid rate of: depletion of nonrenewable
resources, industrialization and population growth.
Ferkiss (1969), Mendlovitz (1975), and Naisbitt (1982) have referred to the
interconnectedness of society in the twentieth century. They wrote that people of the
worl ...
Examples from the Philippines and elsewhere of disaster recovery processes. How does the transitional period connect the early emergency with the reconstruction phase?
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
With more than 16 years' experience in the field, JINPAT has established long term business relationships with transnational corporations, research institutes, military-industry departments, famous universities as well as a lot of companies in various industries at home and abroad. At present, JINPAT are looking for excellent dealers in the world.
Ties Adjusted Nonparametric Statististical Method For The Analysis Of Ordered...inventionjournals
This paper proposes a nonparametric statistical method for the analysis of repeated measures
that adjusts for the possibility of tied observation in the data which may be observations in time, space or
condition. The proposed method develops a test statistic for testing whether subjects are progressively
improving (or getting worse) in their experience over time, space or condition. The method is illustrated with
some data and shown to be at least as powerful as the Friedman’s two way analysis of variance test by ranks
even in the absence of any in-built ordering in the variable under study
The textbook for the class is Teich, A. H. (2012). Technology and .docxchristalgrieg
The textbook for the class is Teich, A. H. (2012). Technology and the future. New York: Wadsworth
The following module concerns the importance of technology in human affairs. At the end of this lesson the student should be able to illustrate the differences between science and technology, and how technology is used to to transform raw material and resources into products using specialized machine tools and the factory system. The student should also be able to illustrate some of the consequences that could result from technological development. Please open this folder to find your assignment, additional readings, grading rubrics, and submission details. Note, you may need to scroll down a bit within this folder to see any additional material contained within the folder.
Students must develop the ability to assess the implementation technology has on society including its social, cultural, and environmental consequences. Future graduates need to assess technology as part of their job related duties in business, industry, government, or as private citizens. Technology is constantly assessed in an attempt to determine its overall value in meeting human needs, wants, and desires. The introduction of new technology has costs and benefits that can result in anticipated and unanticipated consequences for society. It is often the role of individuals to determine if a technology should be adopted and fostered in society. As you complete this dialogue aid sheet, please use complete sentences, and provide more than just a sentence or two. For most of the topics being addressed in the readings, you will need to develop several paragraphs or more for each section on this sheet to fully illustrate your ideas. Please check your spelling and grammar before submitting these for grading.
Identify three basic, yet major concepts which were dealt with in this reading:
What do you believe to be the most insightful idea in this reading?
What do you believe to be the greatest weakness in this selection?
What are the ethical issues and perspectives that are associated with this technology?
What are the social, cultural, or environmental issues associated with this technology?
The following lecture will provide an overview of the class, and illustrate the differences
in how science, technology, and engineering are utilized in a contemporary society.
This lesson illustrates the various interpretations of how modern technology is viewed in
a contemporary society.
Ways (1959) and Toffler (1970, 1980) have indicated that the accelerating rate of
change is a result of science and technology. According to Ways and Toffler, such
change can be documented by reviewing the rapid rate of: depletion of nonrenewable
resources, industrialization and population growth.
Ferkiss (1969), Mendlovitz (1975), and Naisbitt (1982) have referred to the
interconnectedness of society in the twentieth century. They wrote that people of the
worl ...
Affiliates, distant individuals, capitalism, science and technology, now merged as if they were a single instance, consolidate their supremacy on contemporary society, determining its course with the same brazenness and impersonality of an invisible hand. Modern barbarism or barbarism generated within the so-called civilized societies characterized by the use of technical modern means (industrialization of murder, mass extermination thanks to cutting edge scientific technologies), the impersonality of the massacre (whole populations - men and women, children and elderly - are "eliminated" with the lowest personal contact as possible between the decision maker and victims), the bureaucratic, administrative, effective, planned, "rational" management (in instrumental terms) of barbaric acts and the use of legitimating ideology of the modern type: biological, hygienic, scientific.
HOW TO MAKE THE UTOPIA OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY USED ONLY FOR THE GOOD OF HU...Faga1939
This article aims to present how to make the utopia of using science and technology exclusively for the good of humanity come true, ending the dystopia represented by science and technology also used to produce evil for humanity. The use made of science and technology is so intense that a significant portion of people believe that they only bring benefits to society. Today, there is a clear perception that science and technology have provided progress for humanity, but that, along with this, they also have the capacity to destroy it. Science and technology, commanded by market capitalism, are not only seen as liberating, but, in certain situations, as dehumanizing and enslaving human life. Technology has shaped our lives because we are at the mercy of interconnected systems and, what is serious, because we are submissive to their authority and state capitalism, molding ourselves to its functioning. To ensure that science and technology are used exclusively for the good of humanity, the reform of capitalism must occur in all countries of the world with the construction of the Social Welfare State like the one built in the Scandinavian countries which, being a hybrid between what is most positive in the capitalist and socialist systems, would prepare the ground for the achievement of the highest level of civilization with the construction of democratic socialism in all countries of the world.
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From the deplorable current progress to future progress for the benefit of al...Fernando Alcoforado
This article shows that the progress made by humanity throughout history has produced not only benefits, but also several harms that need to be eliminated in the future. This article proposes the bases for a new progress for humanity that produces only benefits that will only be realized with the implantation of a new political, economic and social order of society at the national level, the ordering of international relations at the global level and the promotion of sustainable development.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Destructions and Progress: Removing Social Misconceptions on Environmental Issues
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 4 Issue 8 || August. 2015 || PP.36-39
www.ijhssi.org 36 | P a g e
Destructions and Progress: Removing Social Misconceptions on
Environmental Issues
Layeqa Bashir
Assistant Professor, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract: This paper attempts to argue that while we hear too much negative statements from the
environmentalists against scientific and technological innovations, we do not have an opportunity to weigh the
destruction trails against their achievements. It is apparent that technological advancement causes destruction
to many idyllic 'nature' on earth, this also brings about many opportunities for humanity to reach certain
glorious heights that were once unthought of. Sigmund Freud wrote as early as 1930 (rev 1931) 'Civilisation
and its Discontent' , and Tagore in 1941 'Crisis in Civilization' how science and technology are destroying the
earth. The whole question is related to 'mankind' as a whole. Whether the development destroys the earth and
mankind is a valid question that the environmentalists need to ponder on. At the same time, the technological
development world needs to decide whether the progress by scientific achievements is worth its while against
the possible 'direct' as well as 'indirect' side effects. The paper wishes to ask whether the responsibilities for
environmental destructions by ‘development’ and ‘technological advancements’ and ask whether for such
destructions should be diverted to another plane rather than on scientific developers and technological experts.
Clearly science and technology do not plan to destroy the earth, they are achievers of wonders in various ways
basing on acquired knowledge (both scientific and philosophical) accumulated since time immemorial. The
paper concludes that causes of environmental destructions due to scientific and technological developments
should be put on the powerful men/women, the aggressive statehoods, and their desire to achieve control on
earth. The paper believes that the world’s present system of encouraging ‘power’ of unscrupulous persons,
industries, companies and many states are to be studied to determine how they misuse the ‘progress’ of science
and technology. Every concerned citizen should rise against the system of ‘misuse’ of progress, not against the
‘progress’ itself.
I. Introduction
The main objective of this paper is to offer explanations how the contemporary waves of agitations
created by the environmentalists gain public support, which in turn undermines the achievements of science and
technology. The paper will attempt to judge whether the public are being properly informed or being
misdirected.
Creation of Public Awareness
The question is how in recent times the public in general have become aware of the ill-effects of scientific,
technological and industrial progress. The question is based on a priori that earlier the public were unaware of
these. How have the changes taken place in recent times?
The environmentalists in the Europe‟s industrially developed countries, collectively known as the West have
long been talking of „green house effects‟, „carbon emission‟, „destruction of trees and forests‟, „pollution of
natural water resources by industrial wastes‟ etc., but the public at first accepted them as academic exercises ,
which they felt did not affect their lives. They were busy enjoying the fruits of scientific and technological
innovations in their everyday life. They were happy with new labour saving devices, improved housing, better
health service, quicker communication in general, higher standard of living, and so on.
In the beginning, despite the warnings offered by far-sighted people and many well-intentioned legislations
about controlling pollution, not much care was taken by the industrialists in particular to implement them. Soon,
the ill-effects of rapid industrialisation started becoming „news‟ in the West. Researchers started blaming the
environmental pollution for many health hazards. They felt that many man-made disasters were directly related
to scientific and technological developments. They also pointed out that the technological innovations are
encouraging destructive warfare including making of Atom Bomb, and Chemical and Biological War weapons.
Civilisation was an apt word used by most scholars to describe the world advancements in learning. Soon after
the First World War, Sigmund Freud wrote Civilisation and its Discontent (1930), and during the height of the
Second World War, Rabindranath Tagore wrote „Crisis in Civilisation‟ (1941). They both seem to have deplored
„civilisation‟ for dangers looming around the corner for mankind.
2. Destructions and Progress: Removing...
www.ijhssi.org 37 | P a g e
It is generally believed that the public are gullible to words and examples that are easy to follow and observe.
They usually believe in things, not just by listening to others, but by experiencing things directly.
Various writings offer to tell us how climate change is being effected by industrialisation and how to cope with
such impending disasters. One journal Global Environmental Change has been in publication since 1990 solely
on this theme. Some of its representative research articles are quoted in the endnotes below.
That happened in the West gradually and various movements against scientific and technological innovations,
which disregarded preservation of Nature, gained ground in the West. The protesters gained support of the
public in the West as they thought they were the ones to suffer most, The global destruction was not initially in
the agenda of the West‟s environmentalists.
At that time, there was no attempt to weigh the surprising and often life-saving gains that scientific and
technological innovations brought to the doorsteps of mankind. Such gains included stupendous developments
in life-saving medicines, universalisation of medical knowledge, healthy food consciousness, water purity,
improved sanitation, improved housing, protection from cold in winter and less suffering in summer, speedy
communication with near and dear ones irrespective of physical distance, rise of digital technologies, and what
not. Still, there was no system of weighing such benefits against the destructions caused, nor was there any
philosophical statement and practical assessment to identify the culprits of such damages.
II. Industrialisation spreading in the South
For a long time, the non-Western countries, sometimes called the „South‟ or the „Third World‟, or the
„developing countries‟ were thought to have escaped such ill-effects suffered by of the West, as they were not
part of the harmful industrial productions. (I would like to tell the scholarly audience here that I shall be using
Third World expression mostly in this paper). It was assumed that the villagers of Africa and Asia lead a simple
and healthy life being close to nature and without „pollution‟. This notion is probably true only up to a certain
limit. Colonial rules in most Third World countries meant extraction of mostly natural and farming wealth from
colonies, and blocking improvements of life and livelihood of indigenous people, as well as discouraging
industrialisation in those areas. During colonial period extending to mid-twentieth century covering two World
Wars, most small to large gadgets, contraptions and mechanisms, as well as arms, ammunitions, military
vehicles, military aircrafts were all produced in the industries located in „West‟.
This production scenario changed rapidly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly as the
colonies started becoming independent. Gradually industrial productions no longer remained the monopolies of
the West. Similar industrial productions in the newly independent countries (old colonies and Third World
countries) as these countries became global partners of the West in accordance with latter‟s various economic
and neo-colonial strategies.
Consequently, „environmental pollution‟ also gradually started in the non-Western countries. Apart from
pollutions, some great disasters, such as Bhopal tragedy, also accompanied such industrial developments. The
West continued to gain commercially as most industrial products in the new areas were patented or owned by
them. These countries, now industrialising also carried the burden of environmental pollution all by themselves.
Such industries required factory hands who were mostly semi and unskilled labour than skilled ones. These
labourers were paid meagrely, and their living conditions in urban and semi-urban parts of the Third World
countries were not congenial to healthy lifestyle. Considering the vastness of the Third World countries, such
industries occupied a very tiny area, the people living in which suffered most, but the public in general were
enjoying the fruits of cheap industrial productions.
III. Rise of Universal Awareness of Destructive Elements in Progress
As in the West, movements for cleaner environment in the Third World countries started as well, but
on analysis they proved to be nothing more than copy-cat of the movements in the West. The world situation
was that until recent times the environmentalists did not create such uproar about the ill-effects as to draw the
attention of the public. Though by „recent times‟ one may assume early to mid twentieth century, the academic
thinkers were aware of the dangers looming over the earth due to industrial pollutions as early as mid-
nineteenth century. But the information did not become totally or globally public. Gradually, some movements
against nuclear arsenals, particularly by Bertrand Russell‟s Anti-Nuke movement, Greenpeace, Friends of the
Earth started drawing the attention of the general public of the West and western-oriented educated class of the
Third World countries.
3. Destructions and Progress: Removing...
www.ijhssi.org 38 | P a g e
The situation changed during the late twentieth and early twenty first century as the environmentalists started
presenting the data and statistics of total environmental pollutions that engulfed the non-industrial countries too.
It is only then the Third World countries were brought into the information dissemination targets. Climate
changes world wide were thought to have been triggered off by various reasons, the major culprits being the
over-zealous and speedy industrialisations in the West without considerations about their effects on global
climate. The greenhouse effects cause the glaciers to melt faster, raise sea level, destroy mangrove forests,
elimination of free roaming animals, creating ecology imbalance, bring about new types of illness, both physical
and mental in mankind, cause food poisoning by chemical fertilizers and preservatives and so on. The
destruction list is almost endless.
The causes of such destruction were not confined in the West, but as stated above (see subheading
Industrialisation of the South), the world‟s industrial production scenario changed after the Wars, particularly as
the new politico-economic situations compelled the West took drastic steps. Such steps included moving capital
from the Centre (which is the West) to the Periphery (i.e. The Third World countries), outsourcing (made
possible by digital technologies and Internet) and creation of new economic zones to maintain world supremacy
by the West. In such activities, the Third World countries apparently (but NOT actually) became „production
partners‟ of the West and initiated industrial productions with consequent urbanisation, ghettoization, climatic
pollutions, and also due to lack of control and absence of technology widespread dumping of industrial wastes
into the rivers.
IV. Globalisation
We are living in a time when „globalisation‟ in its various facets are facts in every country of the world,
from richest to the poorest. This is appreciated as well as criticised by many. Industrialisation is often equated
with increased employment, rise of standard of living, skill developments, internationalisation of trade and
investments, and so on. Of the major criticisms, one is that globalisation does not really alleviate poverty of the
poor countries. Instead, it is argued, it increases social problems as the rich-poor divides increase within the
Third World countries themselves. Consequently, the general public (who constitute the largest segments of
population sin the developing countries) become powerless as economically and politically strong business and
bureaucratic groups emerge to take the helms of the country. The latter are bent on „making money‟ with no
regard to the environmental issues. As these new industrialists are also country‟s power holders, despites laws
against industrial pollutions, they continue to flout such laws (to save the expenses of constructing proper waste
disposal system) and pollute the environments.
The above clearly tells us how globalisation of industrial productions has increased the environmental pollutions
world wide. This is no longer the responsibility of the Western industrialist countries, but of all countries of the
world.
V. Global Action Plans
Various action plans have been taken by small as well as big organisations to tackle the environmental
problems rising from industrialisation. Such action plan and concerns in emphatic language started by the end of
last century, but they became more vocal in more recent times. For example, the Global 2000 Report to the
President was commissioned by US President on May 23, 1977. The report was released at a press conference in
the White House Press Room on July 24, 1980. The report concluded, “If present trends continue, the world in
2000 will be more crowded, and more vulnerable to disruption than the world we live in now. Serious stresses
involving population, resources, and environment are clearly visible ahead. Despite greater material output, the
world‟s people will be poorer in many ways than they are today”.
There have been a number of important world conventions in the last century of which Kyoto Protocol of 1994
is considered by many as most effective one. It was held to tackle the challenges of climate change due to
industrial and other emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse effects. Kyoto Protocol was adopted in
1997 and UN produced United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (better known as
UNFCCC). The first phase of this convention covered 2008 to 2012, and the next phase is to end in 2020. Kyoto
Protocol had many adaptations, viz. Cancum Adaptation Framework, Nairobi Work Programme, LDC Work
and Report Programme etc.
In this year Bonn Climate Change Conference is working to ensure that the goal for harmful emission reduction
targets are achieved.
4. Destructions and Progress: Removing...
www.ijhssi.org 39 | P a g e
VI. Global Compensation Plans
That the countries which have suffered from environmental pollutions should get compensations has
become a movement by the end of twentieth century. The world met at Copenhagen in 2009 to determine what
compensations should be given to which country. The Convention pledged $100 billion by 2010 to 133
countries. It also urged the industrially advanced countries to ensure that the global temperature would not rise
beyond 2 degree Celsius.
VII. Conclusion
Without going into the history of various action plans to save the planet earth from destruction due to
industrialisation, it may be worth for today to round up the discussion by asking ourselves whether the progress
in science and technology is outweighed by the ill-effects of the same.
The question cannot be answered in one sentence. Despite the ill-effects, if we think of marvellous
achievements of science and technology and also enhanced knowledge of mankind about everything, the ill-
effects seem greatest mistakes by mankind in using the advancements of science and technology. Development
of scientific knowledge by which technologies came to be the champion in many sectors in this planet earth, and
also be the beneficiary of mankind all over the earth. The achievements are often misused by unscrupulous
business people and greedy industrialists who could not be brought under control either by the States they are
citizens of, or by their own conscience as responsible citizens of the planet earth. In this regard, an article by
Noam Chomsky is worth referring to. He tells his readers that „Capitalism as it exists today is radically
incompatible with democracy’.
A major question raises its head if there will ever be time for the world‟s economic and business world to stop
harming the environment and become aware of their responsibilities towards the well-being of the planet and its
people including themselves. It is worth noting what Pope Francis thinks about the issue. For Francis, there is a
vital distinction between human needs, limited but non-negotiable, and appetites, which are potentially
unlimited. The poor, Francis states, have their needs denied, while the rich have their appetites indulged. The
environmental crisis links these two aspects of the problem.
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