Designing Engineers, Lmtd.
A Pseudonym for ME 154
A division of Mechanical Engineering Dept.
03 June 2016
To: Project Engineers
From: Michael Jenkins, Engineering Manager
Re: Design Project 5 (Design of a small speed reducer)
A large commercial customer from Mexico has approached us about submitting a bid for an order of 1000
small speed reducers. These speed reducers are to accept an input of 2.25 kW at a shaft speed of 2000 rpm
and will have a reduction ratio of 3.15:1 with the output shaft rotating in the same direction as the input. The
input and output shafts are to be on opposite sides of the casing and are to be parallel to each other. The
external parts of the shafts are solid, circular pieces of standard sizes and will have standard square key ways.
There will be no significant axial load placed on the shafts from external sources. The shafts will overhang
the face of the casing by 3 times the shaft diameter. The external loads will be applied by flexible couplings
which transmit only torque to the shaft. The power source is an electric motor and the driven load will be
smooth in nature. Reversal of the input rotation is anticipated on occasion. Any necessary lubrication should
be by grease packed into the casing (no liquid lubricants!). Minimal maintenance may be expected in use.
Your job is to design the internal workings of the speed reducer (e.g., gear set, chain and sprocket, etc) along
with associated shafts and bearings. Also design a suitable casing, being sure to allow for assembly, mounting
to convenient flat surfaces, and sealing of any grease. Provide a complete set of your final design calculations
and a set of component and assembly drawings. Describe your design process in your final FORMAL report.
Be sure to list and defend assumptions and major design decisions. Describe alternative designs which were
considered, giving reasons for their rejections. Include materials selection and manufacturer and part numbers
for any purchased parts (e.g. bearings).
Note, if an "off-the-shelf" speed reducer is selected, the above requirements are not obviated and your final
report shall include design calculations to confirm the vendor's design.
Provide a list of parts, approximate cost of each part, and method of fabrication (or procurement). Also
provide an estimate of the assembly time.
Your design teams should not exceed five, nor be less than two persons. One person shall be designated as the
lead. The lead, rather than the group collective, is responsible for communicating with me. I expect periodic
progress reports as follows:
Friday, 03 June 2016: Gant chart showing major tasks and anticipated completion dates (hard + soft copies)
Tuesday, 07 June 2016: Brief milestone report indicating a preliminary design compared to
alternative designs and selection rationale (hard + soft copies)
Thursday, 09 June 2016: Draft of final report including organization, l.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HIGH ENTROPY ALLOY SPUR GEARIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a high entropy alloy spur gear. It begins by introducing gear types and materials typically used for gears. It then discusses high entropy alloys as an alternative material with improved properties like corrosion resistance and lower weight. The document details the design of a spur gear and pinion using CAD software. It analyzes the gear assembly made of carbon steel and various high entropy alloys under different loads using FEA software to compare stress, strain, deformation and other parameters. Graphs show the relationship between load and various structural responses. The high entropy alloys generally had lower weight and similar or higher strength compared to carbon steel.
Analysis of a Drive Shaft for Automobile ApplicationsIOSR Journals
This study deals with optimization of drive shaft using the ANSYS. Substitution of Titanium drive shafts over the conventional steel material for drive shaft has increasing the advantages of design due to its high specific stiffness, strength and low weight. Drive shaft is the main component of drive system of an automobile. Use of conventional steel for manufacturing of drive shaft has many disadvantages such as low specific stiffness and strength. Many methods are available at present for the design optimization of structural systems. This paper discusses the past work done on drive shafts using ANSYS and design and modal analysis of shafts made of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-7Nb).
hello folks;
In this documentation, A 2 stage bevel reduction gearbox is designed.
The example taken is of the gearbox requirement for the Box-shipping conveyor. All the necessary design calculations for gears and shafts are carried out in a proper and easy-to-understand sequence. The material selection, standardized components (keys, oil seals likewise)selection from the design databook is also discussed with reasoning. As and when needed concepts are explained with the help of suitable graphs, visuals, and drawings.
This report is authorized by the team member's name mentioned on Slide.
Thank you!!
If you find it helpful do like&l share it with your engineering friends
GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SIX CYLINDER DIESEL ENGIN...Ijripublishers Ijri
The crankshaft is that part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation. To convert the
reciprocating motion into rotation, the crankshaft has "crank" or "crankpins", additional bearing surfaces whose axis is
offset from that of the crank, to which the "big ends" of the connecting rods from each cylinder attach.
The aim of the project work is to optimize the geometry shape of 6-cylinder diesel engine crank shaft to reduce the failures
and to reduce the weight. And also this project work will provide the brief explanation of manufacturing process.
Initially literature survey and data collection will be done to understand methodology.
Design calculations will be done to get parameters of object for drafting.
3D model will be prepared according to the obtained parameters.
Analysis will be conducted on crank shaft to rectify failures by optimizing geometric shape. Also best material will be
suggested by analyzing and comparing results with the variation of materials.
Mold tool design will be done and assembly will be prepared according to that.
Cnc program will be prepared for die set using cam
IRJET- Design Optimization and Analysis of a One Piece Composite Drive Shaft ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design optimization and analysis of a composite drive shaft for the rear wheel of a vehicle. Finite element analysis was conducted on a one-piece composite drive shaft modelled in ANSYS to analyze stresses, deformations, natural frequencies and fatigue life. Static analysis showed that a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) drive shaft had lower weight, stresses and deformation compared to steel and aluminum alternatives. Modal analysis determined the first six natural frequencies. Fatigue life estimation using the Goodman diagram predicted a life of over 1 million cycles for the CFRP drive shaft. The conclusion is that CFRRP is the best material among the alternatives due to its lower weight and improved performance, though it has a higher cost.
DATE: 2019.05
- Design of a gearbox as a power transmission system
- Calculation of mechanical design parameters
- Mechanical design process
- Bearing selection from a given catalog
- Using ISO standards for a mechanical design process
In this project, a suitable gearbox is designed, and bearings are selected for the given prime mover in a screw conveyor machine. Screw conveyors are used for granular material transporting applications such as wheat. The granular medium can be transported efficiently to any desired position, ie. horizontal, vertical or sloped position.
CFX ANALYSIS OF AN IMPELLER BLADE DESIGN OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the design of an impeller blade for a centrifugal compressor using CFX analysis software. The researchers aim to determine the optimal back-swept angle of the impeller blade to improve efficiency. They design blades with varying back-swept angles and simulate them in CFX to compare output parameters such as pressure ratio, temperature, Mach number, and efficiency. Their results show that back-swept angles between 15-30 degrees provide the best balance of increased pressure and low Mach number at the outlet. Accounting for both aerodynamic and manufacturing considerations, they conclude that 15-30 degrees is the optimal range for back-swept angle of the impeller blade design.
Development and design validation of pneumatic tool for stem seal collet fi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the design development and design validation of special purpose pneumatic tool to optimize the steps in assembly and consequently production process. An attempt is made to develop a pneumatic tool that uses power of compressed air to generate a force enough to press the stem seal and the collet, collet cup collectively. Detailed calculations of section properties of various members of the tool assembly are carried out. Calculation for force to be generated is done by considering possibilities i.e. hydraulic generation and pneumatic. Prior to fabrication, detailed CAD modeling of each component of assembly is carried out using CATIA V5 software which gives a correct perception of the assembly and its components. Fabrication of each component of the assembly is carried out by various manufacturing processes as Grinding, milling, drilling. To enhance surface hardness induction hardening is carried out. Close correlation between the calculated and generated force validates the design.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HIGH ENTROPY ALLOY SPUR GEARIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a high entropy alloy spur gear. It begins by introducing gear types and materials typically used for gears. It then discusses high entropy alloys as an alternative material with improved properties like corrosion resistance and lower weight. The document details the design of a spur gear and pinion using CAD software. It analyzes the gear assembly made of carbon steel and various high entropy alloys under different loads using FEA software to compare stress, strain, deformation and other parameters. Graphs show the relationship between load and various structural responses. The high entropy alloys generally had lower weight and similar or higher strength compared to carbon steel.
Analysis of a Drive Shaft for Automobile ApplicationsIOSR Journals
This study deals with optimization of drive shaft using the ANSYS. Substitution of Titanium drive shafts over the conventional steel material for drive shaft has increasing the advantages of design due to its high specific stiffness, strength and low weight. Drive shaft is the main component of drive system of an automobile. Use of conventional steel for manufacturing of drive shaft has many disadvantages such as low specific stiffness and strength. Many methods are available at present for the design optimization of structural systems. This paper discusses the past work done on drive shafts using ANSYS and design and modal analysis of shafts made of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-7Nb).
hello folks;
In this documentation, A 2 stage bevel reduction gearbox is designed.
The example taken is of the gearbox requirement for the Box-shipping conveyor. All the necessary design calculations for gears and shafts are carried out in a proper and easy-to-understand sequence. The material selection, standardized components (keys, oil seals likewise)selection from the design databook is also discussed with reasoning. As and when needed concepts are explained with the help of suitable graphs, visuals, and drawings.
This report is authorized by the team member's name mentioned on Slide.
Thank you!!
If you find it helpful do like&l share it with your engineering friends
GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SIX CYLINDER DIESEL ENGIN...Ijripublishers Ijri
The crankshaft is that part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation. To convert the
reciprocating motion into rotation, the crankshaft has "crank" or "crankpins", additional bearing surfaces whose axis is
offset from that of the crank, to which the "big ends" of the connecting rods from each cylinder attach.
The aim of the project work is to optimize the geometry shape of 6-cylinder diesel engine crank shaft to reduce the failures
and to reduce the weight. And also this project work will provide the brief explanation of manufacturing process.
Initially literature survey and data collection will be done to understand methodology.
Design calculations will be done to get parameters of object for drafting.
3D model will be prepared according to the obtained parameters.
Analysis will be conducted on crank shaft to rectify failures by optimizing geometric shape. Also best material will be
suggested by analyzing and comparing results with the variation of materials.
Mold tool design will be done and assembly will be prepared according to that.
Cnc program will be prepared for die set using cam
IRJET- Design Optimization and Analysis of a One Piece Composite Drive Shaft ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design optimization and analysis of a composite drive shaft for the rear wheel of a vehicle. Finite element analysis was conducted on a one-piece composite drive shaft modelled in ANSYS to analyze stresses, deformations, natural frequencies and fatigue life. Static analysis showed that a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) drive shaft had lower weight, stresses and deformation compared to steel and aluminum alternatives. Modal analysis determined the first six natural frequencies. Fatigue life estimation using the Goodman diagram predicted a life of over 1 million cycles for the CFRP drive shaft. The conclusion is that CFRRP is the best material among the alternatives due to its lower weight and improved performance, though it has a higher cost.
DATE: 2019.05
- Design of a gearbox as a power transmission system
- Calculation of mechanical design parameters
- Mechanical design process
- Bearing selection from a given catalog
- Using ISO standards for a mechanical design process
In this project, a suitable gearbox is designed, and bearings are selected for the given prime mover in a screw conveyor machine. Screw conveyors are used for granular material transporting applications such as wheat. The granular medium can be transported efficiently to any desired position, ie. horizontal, vertical or sloped position.
CFX ANALYSIS OF AN IMPELLER BLADE DESIGN OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the design of an impeller blade for a centrifugal compressor using CFX analysis software. The researchers aim to determine the optimal back-swept angle of the impeller blade to improve efficiency. They design blades with varying back-swept angles and simulate them in CFX to compare output parameters such as pressure ratio, temperature, Mach number, and efficiency. Their results show that back-swept angles between 15-30 degrees provide the best balance of increased pressure and low Mach number at the outlet. Accounting for both aerodynamic and manufacturing considerations, they conclude that 15-30 degrees is the optimal range for back-swept angle of the impeller blade design.
Development and design validation of pneumatic tool for stem seal collet fi...Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
The present work deals with the design development and design validation of special purpose pneumatic tool to optimize the steps in assembly and consequently production process. An attempt is made to develop a pneumatic tool that uses power of compressed air to generate a force enough to press the stem seal and the collet, collet cup collectively. Detailed calculations of section properties of various members of the tool assembly are carried out. Calculation for force to be generated is done by considering possibilities i.e. hydraulic generation and pneumatic. Prior to fabrication, detailed CAD modeling of each component of assembly is carried out using CATIA V5 software which gives a correct perception of the assembly and its components. Fabrication of each component of the assembly is carried out by various manufacturing processes as Grinding, milling, drilling. To enhance surface hardness induction hardening is carried out. Close correlation between the calculated and generated force validates the design.
IRJET- Modeling & Analysis of a 100cc I.C. Engine PistonIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a finite element analysis of the stress distribution in pistons made of two different aluminum alloys for a 100cc internal combustion engine.
2) A piston model was designed in SOLIDWORKS and then imported into ANSYS for thermal and stress analysis under different top land thicknesses.
3) The results showed that a top land thickness of 2.50mm resulted in the least equivalent stress and strain for the aluminum alloy material when subjected to a 500N load.
Design, Analysis and Comparative Study of Exhaust Manifold for a Multi-Cylind...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze and optimize the design of an exhaust manifold for a multi-cylinder engine. Six different exhaust manifold models were designed using CAD software and analyzed using CFD to evaluate parameters like pressure, velocity, and temperature distributions. The goal was to identify a design that minimizes backpressure in the exhaust manifold to improve engine performance. Model 6, which used an elliptical cross-section shape, produced the most satisfactory results with low backpressure and high exhaust velocity.
The document describes the design of a zero-turn radius system for a John Deere 5065E tractor. The system uses hydraulic tie rods attached to a double-acting cylinder to enable the rear wheels to rotate independently, allowing the tractor to turn within its own width. Calculations are shown for sizing the steering and tie rod cylinders and rods. The design also incorporates a hydrostatic transmission system to provide infinitely variable speed control for the rear wheels to facilitate zero-turn maneuvers. Performance simulations and a cost analysis are presented to evaluate the technical feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the zero-turn design.
IRJET - Optimization of Crankshaft by Modification in Design and MaterialIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an analysis and optimization of a crankshaft design for a 4-cylinder inline gasoline engine. A 3D model of the crankshaft was created in Siemens NX software based on engine specifications. Finite element analysis was performed in ANSYS to evaluate stresses and deformation. The analysis showed maximum von Mises stress of 223.76 MPa and shear stress of 127.31 MPa, both at joints between the crankshaft spindle and web. Total deformation was a minimal 0.14091 mm. The safety factor of 1.5195 indicated the design would withstand fatigue loading over an infinite lifespan. Modifications like added fillets helped reduce stresses by distributing loads more evenly. The optimized
Design Optimization of Roller Chain Link Plate used in Sugar IndustryIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design optimization of roller chain link plates used in the sugar industry. Finite element analysis was used to optimize the shape and reduce the weight of the outer link plate while maintaining strength. The optimized design saved 72g of weight per link plate and 1.2kg per meter of chain. Experimental testing validated that the optimized link plates maintained strength up to the required breaking loads.
This document summarizes the design of a gear reducer for a tractor. It describes the design of two gear pairs, three shafts, and keys to connect the gears to the shafts. Calculations were done to select gear materials, dimensions, and ensure safety factors were adequate to withstand the loads from the tractor's 22 horsepower engine producing 1800 RPM at the input shaft. The design was intended to fit within a 22" x 22" x 25" gearbox and reduce the input speed to between 330-335 RPM at the output shaft.
The rice transporter robot hopper was optimized through finite element analysis to maximize carrying capacity within the design constraints. Initially, the uniformly thick hopper displaced 0.686mm under load, exceeding the 0.5mm limit. Multiple wall thicknesses between 2.28-2.49mm reduced displacement to 0.4997mm. Confirming calculations matched applied loads and stresses, validating the analysis. Further optimizations could increase volume by designing in sections or modifying brackets and motor placement.
IRJET - Design and Analysis of Connecting Rod using Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a connecting rod using different materials through finite element analysis. The connecting rod was modeled in NX 10 software and analyzed in ANSYS Workbench. Materials analyzed included titanium alloy, beryllium alloy, magnesium alloy, and aluminum 360. ANSYS was used to analyze von mises stress, strain, deformation, factor of safety, and weight reduction for each material. Aluminum alloy was found to have a higher factor of safety, lower weight, lower stress, and was stiffer than forged steel. Fatigue analysis can also determine the lifetime of the connecting rod. The connecting rod was designed, modeled, and analyzed to compare the performance of different materials.
IRJET- Design, Analysis and Performance Testing of a Diesel Engine as a Porta...IRJET Journal
This document presents the design, analysis, and performance testing of a diesel engine to be used as a portable electrical generator. It involves the following:
1. The functional design of the engine including calculations to determine specifications like bore, stroke, speed, fuel consumption, etc. based on the power requirement.
2. The design of key engine components like the cylinder, cylinder head, piston assembly, connecting rod and crankshaft. This includes calculating dimensions based on withstanding gas pressure and heat dissipation requirements.
3. The performance of the designed engine will be tested and analyzed using the Willan's line method to determine actual performance parameters and losses compared to the theoretical design values.
IRJET- Design of an Electric Golf Cart with Batteries & Solar Panel for 6...IRJET Journal
- The document describes the design of an electric golf cart with six seats that is powered by batteries and a solar panel.
- Key aspects of the design covered include the tubular frame chassis, single-speed transmission system using a transaxle and electric motor, braking system, steering geometry, battery calculations to achieve a range of 23 miles, and the addition of solar panels to increase the range by 12 more miles.
- The goal of the design was to create a lightweight yet rigid golf cart that can perform well on grassy and concrete surfaces for use at golf courses and in the hospitality industry.
Design, Analysis & Balancing of 5 Cylinder Engine CrankshaftIJMER
This document summarizes the design, analysis, and balancing of a 5 cylinder engine crankshaft. It discusses modeling the crankshaft in Solidworks and analyzing it in ANSYS using finite element analysis. Calculations are shown for designing the crankshaft and crankpin based on engine specifications. Loading and boundary conditions are applied for static structural analysis to determine stresses and deflection. Von Mises and shear stresses from the analysis match theoretical calculations. The conclusions are that finite element analysis is effective for determining permissible stresses and that the 5 cylinder design provides weight optimization and lower cost compared to a 6 cylinder configuration.
GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF CRANK SHAFT FOR OPTIMUM DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT OF LIFEIjripublishers Ijri
Crankshaft is a component in an engine which converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion. Design
of a crankshaft of Honda engine, it is assembled by the connecting rod and piston components in Pro engineering.
The designed model of engine crankshaft is analyzed in pro engineering by using its mechanism. Piston generates the
forces due to the combustion. These forces acting on the piston are analyzed by using their mechanisms with respect
to crank angle.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of a Two Stage Reduction GearboxIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a two-stage reduction gearbox for an all-terrain vehicle. It discusses the components, methodology, modeling, and analysis of the gearbox. The gearbox was designed with gears, shafts, bearings and a casing using CAD software. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze stresses on gears and shafts. Computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze oil flow inside the gearbox. The results showed the gearbox design is efficient and improves upon current designs by being lighter, more compact and durable. Further optimization of the design is possible by integrating additional components to simplify the powertrain assembly.
IRJET- Design Methodology and Assembly for a Radial Feed in a CNC Gear Hobbin...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design methodology and assembly of a radial feed system for a CNC gear hobbing machine. It discusses selecting and modeling the various components of the radial feed system, including choosing a recirculating ball screw based on machine specifications and stroke length requirements. Bearing selection and housing design are explained in detail, along with validation calculations to ensure design suitability. The assembly process and validation methods to achieve high accuracy feeding are also outlined. In summary, a recirculating ball screw radial feed system was designed, modeled, and assembled for a CNC gear hobbing machine to increase workpiece accuracy and eliminate backlash errors.
Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod for Two Wheeler and Optimization of...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of a connecting rod for a two-wheeler under static load conditions. A connecting rod from a Hero Splendor motorcycle was modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS. Two materials, C70S6 steel and structural steel, were considered. For each material, the maximum and minimum von Mises stress, principal stress, elastic strain, shear stress, and total deformation under an applied load of 677N were determined. For C70S6 steel, the maximum total deformation was 0.01271 mm and minimum was 0.00164 mm. The maximum elastic strain was 1.960×10^-4 and minimum was 4.218×10^-6. For structural steel,
Stress and Vibration Analysis of Turbine RotorIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a turbine rotor intended to operate at speeds between 30,000-50,000 RPM. It discusses:
- Designing a blisk rotor using axi-symmetric modeling for stress analysis and optimization.
- Material selection for the rotor, with titanium alloy found to reduce thermal stresses compared to nickel alloy.
- Dynamic analysis showing the first critical speed to be 34,176 RPM, well above the operating speed.
- Stress analysis of the optimized rotor design found highest stresses of 451 MPa to be below the material yield strength.
- The rotor design was concluded to withstand the intended operating stresses and speeds.
Investigation and Optimization of two cylinder crankshaft by FE AnalysisIRJET Journal
This document discusses a finite element analysis of a two cylinder crankshaft. A 3D model of a forged steel crankshaft was created in CATIA software and analyzed in ANSYS. Static structural analysis found that the maximum von Mises stress was 166.67 MPa for the original design and 110 MPa for the optimized design, below the allowable stress level. The maximum total deformation was 0.125mm. Fatigue analysis determined the life, damage, and safety factor of the crankshaft. Dynamic vibration analysis calculated the natural frequencies at different vibration modes. The study aimed to reduce stress and increase the life of the crankshaft through optimization of parameters like web thickness and fillet radius.
The study on effect of torque on piston lateral motion eSAT Journals
Abstract The studies of engine components reveal the cause for the engine vibration and noise. The piston slap due to the impact of the piston in the walls of the cylinder is considered as one of the predominant source of engine noise. In the present work engine performance characteristics are considered. The variation of the torque from minimum to maximum and the corresponding values of the engine performance parameters are logged. The effect of torque on engine speed and on piston movement is studied. The duration of the piston in cylinder for these input values ore also logged. The piston lateral movement is recorded by measuring the gap between cylinder inner wall and the piston skirt for the piston primary motion from TDC to BDC and vice versa. Finite element analysis is carried for von-Mises stress and x-directional displacement for the lateral displacement. The high stress region in the piston is emphasized for the study. It is found that near TDC region the engine is experiencing the maximum impact due to high torque which is the result of combustion pressure and also corresponds to the cause for piston lateral motion in this region. Index Terms: engine torque, finite element analysis, lateral motion, and stress
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Parametric Design and Comparative Analysis of Multi Leaf Spring for Li...IRJET Journal
1. The document presents a parametric design and comparative analysis of multi-leaf springs made of composite materials versus conventional steel for light automotive vehicles.
2. Finite element analysis is conducted on multi-leaf spring models made of conventional steel, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and glass fiber reinforced plastic.
3. The results show that under equivalent static loading, the composite leaf springs experience lower von-Mises stresses and deflections compared to the conventional steel spring, indicating composites can reduce weight by 80% while maintaining performance.
Hours, A. (2014). Reading Fairy Tales and Playing A Way of Treati.docxsimonithomas47935
Hours, A. (2014). Reading Fairy Tales and Playing: A Way of Treating Abused Children. Journal Of Infant, Child & Adolescent Psychotherapy, 13(2), 122. doi:10.1080/15289168.2014.905337
Marshall, E. (2009). Girlhood, Sexual Violence, and Agency in Francesca Lia Block's "Wolf". Children's Literature In Education, 40(3), 217-234.
Sanyal, N., & Dasgupta, M. (2017). Fairy tales: The Emotional Processors of Childhood Conflicts in Dynamic Interpretative Lens. SIS Journal Of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 24(1), 39-47.
Basile, G. (2012, May 24). Sun, Moon, and Talia. Enchanted Conversation, 1-4.
Grimm, J., & Grimm, W. (1975). Briar Rose: The Sleeping Beauty. London: Pelham.
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How are authentication and authorization alike and how are the.docxsimonithomas47935
How are authentication and authorization alike and how are they different? What is the relationship, if any, between the two?
The paper should be 2 pages in length. Need to provide a minimum of two references and need to use APA format in the reference section and no playgarism
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- The goal of the design was to create a lightweight yet rigid golf cart that can perform well on grassy and concrete surfaces for use at golf courses and in the hospitality industry.
Design, Analysis & Balancing of 5 Cylinder Engine CrankshaftIJMER
This document summarizes the design, analysis, and balancing of a 5 cylinder engine crankshaft. It discusses modeling the crankshaft in Solidworks and analyzing it in ANSYS using finite element analysis. Calculations are shown for designing the crankshaft and crankpin based on engine specifications. Loading and boundary conditions are applied for static structural analysis to determine stresses and deflection. Von Mises and shear stresses from the analysis match theoretical calculations. The conclusions are that finite element analysis is effective for determining permissible stresses and that the 5 cylinder design provides weight optimization and lower cost compared to a 6 cylinder configuration.
GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF CRANK SHAFT FOR OPTIMUM DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT OF LIFEIjripublishers Ijri
Crankshaft is a component in an engine which converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion. Design
of a crankshaft of Honda engine, it is assembled by the connecting rod and piston components in Pro engineering.
The designed model of engine crankshaft is analyzed in pro engineering by using its mechanism. Piston generates the
forces due to the combustion. These forces acting on the piston are analyzed by using their mechanisms with respect
to crank angle.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of a Two Stage Reduction GearboxIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a two-stage reduction gearbox for an all-terrain vehicle. It discusses the components, methodology, modeling, and analysis of the gearbox. The gearbox was designed with gears, shafts, bearings and a casing using CAD software. Finite element analysis was performed to analyze stresses on gears and shafts. Computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze oil flow inside the gearbox. The results showed the gearbox design is efficient and improves upon current designs by being lighter, more compact and durable. Further optimization of the design is possible by integrating additional components to simplify the powertrain assembly.
IRJET- Design Methodology and Assembly for a Radial Feed in a CNC Gear Hobbin...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design methodology and assembly of a radial feed system for a CNC gear hobbing machine. It discusses selecting and modeling the various components of the radial feed system, including choosing a recirculating ball screw based on machine specifications and stroke length requirements. Bearing selection and housing design are explained in detail, along with validation calculations to ensure design suitability. The assembly process and validation methods to achieve high accuracy feeding are also outlined. In summary, a recirculating ball screw radial feed system was designed, modeled, and assembled for a CNC gear hobbing machine to increase workpiece accuracy and eliminate backlash errors.
Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod for Two Wheeler and Optimization of...IRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of a connecting rod for a two-wheeler under static load conditions. A connecting rod from a Hero Splendor motorcycle was modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS. Two materials, C70S6 steel and structural steel, were considered. For each material, the maximum and minimum von Mises stress, principal stress, elastic strain, shear stress, and total deformation under an applied load of 677N were determined. For C70S6 steel, the maximum total deformation was 0.01271 mm and minimum was 0.00164 mm. The maximum elastic strain was 1.960×10^-4 and minimum was 4.218×10^-6. For structural steel,
Stress and Vibration Analysis of Turbine RotorIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a turbine rotor intended to operate at speeds between 30,000-50,000 RPM. It discusses:
- Designing a blisk rotor using axi-symmetric modeling for stress analysis and optimization.
- Material selection for the rotor, with titanium alloy found to reduce thermal stresses compared to nickel alloy.
- Dynamic analysis showing the first critical speed to be 34,176 RPM, well above the operating speed.
- Stress analysis of the optimized rotor design found highest stresses of 451 MPa to be below the material yield strength.
- The rotor design was concluded to withstand the intended operating stresses and speeds.
Investigation and Optimization of two cylinder crankshaft by FE AnalysisIRJET Journal
This document discusses a finite element analysis of a two cylinder crankshaft. A 3D model of a forged steel crankshaft was created in CATIA software and analyzed in ANSYS. Static structural analysis found that the maximum von Mises stress was 166.67 MPa for the original design and 110 MPa for the optimized design, below the allowable stress level. The maximum total deformation was 0.125mm. Fatigue analysis determined the life, damage, and safety factor of the crankshaft. Dynamic vibration analysis calculated the natural frequencies at different vibration modes. The study aimed to reduce stress and increase the life of the crankshaft through optimization of parameters like web thickness and fillet radius.
The study on effect of torque on piston lateral motion eSAT Journals
Abstract The studies of engine components reveal the cause for the engine vibration and noise. The piston slap due to the impact of the piston in the walls of the cylinder is considered as one of the predominant source of engine noise. In the present work engine performance characteristics are considered. The variation of the torque from minimum to maximum and the corresponding values of the engine performance parameters are logged. The effect of torque on engine speed and on piston movement is studied. The duration of the piston in cylinder for these input values ore also logged. The piston lateral movement is recorded by measuring the gap between cylinder inner wall and the piston skirt for the piston primary motion from TDC to BDC and vice versa. Finite element analysis is carried for von-Mises stress and x-directional displacement for the lateral displacement. The high stress region in the piston is emphasized for the study. It is found that near TDC region the engine is experiencing the maximum impact due to high torque which is the result of combustion pressure and also corresponds to the cause for piston lateral motion in this region. Index Terms: engine torque, finite element analysis, lateral motion, and stress
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Parametric Design and Comparative Analysis of Multi Leaf Spring for Li...IRJET Journal
1. The document presents a parametric design and comparative analysis of multi-leaf springs made of composite materials versus conventional steel for light automotive vehicles.
2. Finite element analysis is conducted on multi-leaf spring models made of conventional steel, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and glass fiber reinforced plastic.
3. The results show that under equivalent static loading, the composite leaf springs experience lower von-Mises stresses and deflections compared to the conventional steel spring, indicating composites can reduce weight by 80% while maintaining performance.
Similar to Designing Engineers, Lmtd.A Pseudonym for ME 154 A divi.docx (20)
Hours, A. (2014). Reading Fairy Tales and Playing A Way of Treati.docxsimonithomas47935
Hours, A. (2014). Reading Fairy Tales and Playing: A Way of Treating Abused Children. Journal Of Infant, Child & Adolescent Psychotherapy, 13(2), 122. doi:10.1080/15289168.2014.905337
Marshall, E. (2009). Girlhood, Sexual Violence, and Agency in Francesca Lia Block's "Wolf". Children's Literature In Education, 40(3), 217-234.
Sanyal, N., & Dasgupta, M. (2017). Fairy tales: The Emotional Processors of Childhood Conflicts in Dynamic Interpretative Lens. SIS Journal Of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 24(1), 39-47.
Basile, G. (2012, May 24). Sun, Moon, and Talia. Enchanted Conversation, 1-4.
Grimm, J., & Grimm, W. (1975). Briar Rose: The Sleeping Beauty. London: Pelham.
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How are authentication and authorization alike and how are the.docxsimonithomas47935
How are authentication and authorization alike and how are they different? What is the relationship, if any, between the two?
The paper should be 2 pages in length. Need to provide a minimum of two references and need to use APA format in the reference section and no playgarism
.
How are self-esteem and self-concept different What is the or.docxsimonithomas47935
How are self-esteem and self-concept different? What is the origin of these characteristics? What are the characteristics of children and adults with low self-esteem?
Consider Erik Erikson’s theory. Why is it important for children in middle childhood to learn to do something and to do something well?
Suzy wants to follow the moral code established by her parents and teacher. She wants them to view her as obedient, cooperative, and productive. According to Kohlberg Suzy is functioning at the __________ stage of moral development.
How does the aggression of girls and boys differ? Why is it important for a child to learn self-regulation?
.
How are morality and religion similar and how are they different.docxsimonithomas47935
How are morality and religion similar and how are they different?
Discuss how your religious beliefs, or lack thereof, have shaped your own morality.
What is natural law theory? How does it compare to religion?
What criteria did Thoreau argue must exist before engaging in civil disobedience?
.
How are financial statements used to evaluate business activities.docxsimonithomas47935
How are financial statements used to evaluate business activities?
What is managerial accounting and how does it help businesses create a competitive advantage
What skills must be developed to evaluate company performance?
How are investment and operations alternatives evaluated and selected?
2pages
.
How are Japanese and Chinese Americans similar How are they differe.docxsimonithomas47935
How are Japanese and Chinese Americans similar? How are they different? After exploring your course material and outside sources, please share the differences and similarities on such topics as immigration patterns, family life, economic picture, etc. Be sure to cite your sources properly. At a minimum, students should include summarized (no direct quotes) information from the course text. Do not forget to include page numbers in your in-text citations!
.
Hot Spot PolicingPlace can be an important aspect of crime and.docxsimonithomas47935
Hot Spot Policing
"Place" can be an important aspect of crime and crime prevention. Behaviors occur across space and time. In the 1990's hot spot policing became a very popular topic.
In this paper, you need to address the following:
Define the concept of "Hot Spot" from the context of law enforcement,
Define the concept of "Hot Product" from the context of law enforcement,
Describe VIVA and CRAVE (as they relate to hot spots and hot products),
Identify a few products or objects that might be prime targets for crime, and
Indicate how these products or objects fit the ideas of VIVA and CRAVED.
.
HOSP3075 Brand Analysis Paper 1This is the first of three assignme.docxsimonithomas47935
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Hou, J., Li, Y., Yu, J. & Shi, W. (2020). A Survey on Digital Fo.docxsimonithomas47935
Hou, J., Li, Y., Yu, J. & Shi, W. (2020). A Survey on Digital Forensics in Internet of Things IEEE Internet of Things Journal, I(1),1-15,.
Chen, J. & Zhu, Q. (2019). Interdependent Strategic Security Risk Management With Bounded Rationality in the Internet of Things. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 14(11), 2958-2971.
Borek, A. (2014). Total Information Risk Management: Maximizing the Value of Data and Information Assets (Vol. First edition). Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann
The readings this week discusses broad context of risk and investigative forensics. Part of risk management is to understand when things go wrong, we need to be able to investigate and report our findings to management. Using this research, or other research you have uncovered discuss in detail how risk and investigate techniques could work to help the organization. ERM helps to protect an organization before an attack, where as forensics investigate technique will help us after an attack - so lets discus both this week.
Please make your initial post and two response posts substantive. A substantive post will do at least two of the following:
Ask an interesting, thoughtful question pertaining to the topic
Answer a question (in detail) posted by another student or the instructor
Provide extensive additional information on the topic
Explain, define, or analyze the topic in detail
Share an applicable personal experience
Provide an outside source that applies to the topic, along with additional information about the topic or the source (please cite properly in APA 7)
Make an argument concerning the topic.
.
How (Not) to be Secular by James K.A. SmithSecular (1)—the ea.docxsimonithomas47935
How (Not) to be Secular? by James K.A. Smith
Secular (1)—the earthly plane of domestic life as distinguished from the sacred.
Secular (2)—areligious, neutral, unbiased, “objective”
Secular (3)—a world in which it is possible to imagine not believing in God; religious belief is no longer axiomatic.
Cross-pressured—The simultaneous pressure of various spiritual options or the feeling of being caught between an echo of transcendence and the drive toward immanentization.
Immanent frame—A constructed social space that frames our lives entirely within a natural order, an order “whose working could be systematically understood and explained in its own term, leaving open the question whether this whole order had a deeper significance....” (Taylor, A Secular Age, p. 15)
Exclusive humanism—A worldview that is able to account for meaning and significance without any appeal to the divine or transcendence.
Self-transcendence—a turning of life toward something beyond ordinary human flourishing. (Taylor, p. 44)
Fullness—The human impulsion to find significance, meaning, value—even within an entirely immanent frame.
Spin—A construal of life in an immanent frame that does not recognize itself as construal. Does not grant plausibility to the alternative,
Take—A construal of life in an immanent frame that is open to appreciating the viability of other takes.
Modern Moral Order (MMO)—Understanding of morality that focuses on the organization of society for mutual benefit rather than obligation to higher or eternal norms.
Faith
Faith Development Theory and a Look at Faith Today
Definitions of Faith
Faith (in general) = one’s ultimate concern (Paul Tillich)
Religious Faith = a relationship with God which engages a person’s total personhood; (Fischer and Hart reading); personal knowledge of God (Richard McBrien)
Faith is not primarily belief in ideas but in God
Difference between faith and “the faith”—the latter usually refers to a collection of “beliefs”
Misunderstandings of the Meaning of Faith
1. Having faith is believing things, “assenting to truths”—the rationalist misunderstanding
2. Having faith is behaving morally—the moralist misunderstanding
3. Having faith is feeling something —the emotionalist misunderstanding
These are all aspects of faith but faith cannot be reduced to any one of these.
Key Points about Faith
1. “Faith seeks understanding and is a friend of reason.” (The United States Catholic Catechism for Adults) In the words of Vatican I, faith is “consonant with reason.” Faith and reason are compatible. Faith is not “blind faith.”
2. Although faith has a content (beliefs), what Christians believe in are not the formulas of faith but in the realities they express.
3. Faith is a commitment of the whole person, not just the intellect of the person.
4. Faith is both personal and communal.
Faith Development Theory
Fowler’s Stages of Faith
Similar to Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Overview of the Stages.
Hopefully, you enjoyed this class on Digital Media and Society.Q.docxsimonithomas47935
Hopefully, you enjoyed this class on Digital Media and Society.
Question #1:
Has your impression of digital media and society changed after taking this class? How? What in your opinion is the future of digital media and the Internet?
Topic 2: One Takeaway
There are no readings assigned this week. Reflect on the weekly Read & Watch content you have been exposed to throughout the semester to craft your response.
Discussion:
There are many interesting concepts, ideas, and theories presented in this class. We talked Curly Fries, Filter Bubbles, Global Collaboration, Digital Divide, Privacy, Big Data...
Question #1:
What is the most important thing you have learned from this class? What is your Number One Takeaway?
.
hoose (1) one childhood experience from the list provided below..docxsimonithomas47935
hoose
(1) one
childhood experience from the list provided below. This list has been generated from the Australian Institute of health and Welfare (2020) Australia’s Children report.
Asthma in children aged 5-14
Type 1 diabetes in children aged 0-14
Brain cancer in children up to 14 years
Anxiety disorders in children aged 5-14
Dental decay in children over 12
Overweight/Obesity in children 5-14
School aged child living with an intellectual disability
Children experiencing homelessness
Low birthweight babies
Children who are exposed to or a victim of family violence
After researching the prevalence of your chosen childhood experience, develop a brief hypothetical case study (200 words or so) about a child and their family highlighting the health care setting in which you (the nurse) meet the family;
the case study helps to guide your essay and provide context for your reader.
To explore the impact of your chosen childhood experience on the child and their family in the case study you have developed, read widely and address the following prompts informed by
contemporary and relevant
developmental, nursing and family care theory:
Outline the prevalence in Australia of the childhood experience chosen and highlight the short term, medium term and potential long term health outcomes/impact on the child
Discuss the impact (protective or otherwise) of family, culture and environment on the identified health outcomes for children identified from prompt 1
Explore the impact of the chosen childhood experience on the learning and development of the child in the case study, in light of their age/stage of development
When you (the nurse) meet the family (as outlined in your case study) how might you engage therapeutically with the child and family? Outline age/development appropriate communication strategies that you could adopt to support child/family flourishing
Based on the chosen childhood experience selected and the case study specifics, provide two priority nursing actions/interventions with rationales, that would advocate for positive child/family health outcomes
This essay will be developed with an introduction, body and conclusion, with correct grammar and spelling and acknowledging sources using APA 7th Edition referencing style. Word count of 2000 words +/-10% will be maintained; inclusive of intext references, excluding reference list.
Rubric
Assessment 3: Case study and literature review
Assessment 3: Case study and literature reviewCriteriaRatingsPtsThis criterion is linked to a learning outcome1.Case study developed is clear, informative and feasible
5
PtsExceeds expectationsVery well considered case study. The child/family circumstances are realistic and comprehensively presented in light of the chosen childhood experience; the context of the family and nurse interaction is clearly defined.4
PtsMeets ExpectationsWell considered case study. The child/family circumstances are realistic and thoroughly present.
honesty, hard work, caring, excellence HIS 1110 Dr. .docxsimonithomas47935
honesty, hard work, caring, excellence
HIS 1110 Dr. G. J. Giddings
ANALYSIS PAPER: GREAT MIGRATION HISTORY AS TACTIC
4 pages; 4 “works cited”/reference sources (at least 1 primary source)
Related Course Outcome: Identify and analyze connections between individual events and national
historic events.
OPTIONS I
Analysis Paper: Migration As Tactic/
Solution
(Long Interviews as main resource) (4 pages)
Millions of African Americans escaped or ran away from their homes in the South to seek refuge
in the North. Explore your individual interviewees’ descriptions of problems (lack of opportunities, racial
terrorism, personal reasons, etc.) they faced in the South or wherever, and how they attempted to
escape these problems by choosing migration as a tactic or solution. Explore how the individual
migration stories connect to or compare with the general Great Migration “push” and “pull” factors,
which motivated so many African Americans to leave the South. To help draw these connections,
identify and compare the “pull” and “push” factors of the Great Migration as well as other related
course themes such as: leadership tactics, African America socio-economic and culture status/state,
protest; demographic shifts/changes, etc.
OPTIONS II
Analysis Paper: Migration As Tactic/
.
hoose one of the four following visualsImage courtesy o.docxsimonithomas47935
hoose one of the four following visuals:
Image courtesy of: Nike® 2013 advertisement
Image courtesy of: Parents magazine June 2011
Image courtesy of: Harley Davidson® advertisement
Image courtesy of: Bank of America advertisement
In a
2-3-page APA formatted paper with an additional reference page
(
template here
), analyze the strategic use of perceptual visual communication:
Analyze how specific semiotic visuals in your chosen image affect different cultural perceptions (age, ethnicity, social group, etc.).
Describe how each culture’s cognitive memories and experiences may affect how they perceive this image.
Explain why cultural perception is important to consider when working with international or global cultures.
Discuss why it is important to consider cultural perception when interacting with different age cultures and different social groupings.
Support the items above by including relevant quotes and paraphrases from academic/scholarly sources.
.
HomeworkChoose a site used by the public such as a supermark.docxsimonithomas47935
Homework
Choose a site used by the public such as a supermarket, doctor's office, library, post office, or department store and observe one or more key processes, the associated suppliers, inputs, process steps, outputs, customers, the measurement systems, and how the measurements are used to manage and improve the process. Submit a Word document in which you include the following:
Company visited.
Process observed.
SIPOC elements.
Process measurements.
Process management systems used.
.
Homework 2 Please answer the following questions in small paragraph.docxsimonithomas47935
The document contains homework questions asking about the conditions in Europe that led to the conquest of America, the effects of the conquest on native peoples and Europeans, the motives and backgrounds of Spanish conquistadors, and factors explaining how a small number of Spaniards conquered large indigenous empires.
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BBA 2010-16J-5A21-S1, Introduction to Business
Unit VI
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Course Resource Booklet (Final Submission Due)
Child Welfare Advocates have many resources available to them to assist those in need. The key is to know what resources are available. This assignment will require students to create resources on local and child welfare social services and present in a booklet format. This will be an ongoing course project as you learn about new resources in each module. As you continue with your classes, you may even choose to add additional resources.
Timeline
Module 1
— Course Resource Project assigned
Module 2
— Submit for instructor feedback – non-graded.
Students will submit the title page, introduction and one agency description in Module 2 for purposes of non-graded feedback.
Module 5
— Final Course Resource project due
Directions
Students will create a booklet that compiles information for twelve different agencies.
The twelve agencies must represent the following categories of general services. No category can be eliminated.
Adult Assistance — include one agency that specializes in helping the homeless
Child Development — include one agency that specializes in helping those in poverty
Family Support Services — include one resource on family violence
Health — include one agency that specializes in helping those with addiction
Legal — include the Guardian Ad Litem program
Mental Health
Each category should include:
A maximum of two agency resources for each category.
No more than one state agency may be included in each category.
Do not use the same agency more than once.
Agencies should be alphabetized by category.
Students should work on the Course Resource Booklet each module so they have a cumulative booklet ready for submission. Do not wait until the last minute.
Each local agency resource should include the following information. Use headings for components, as needed.
(See sample page attached.)
Name of Agency
Agency address (Domestic Violence shelters may use outreach center)
Website URL
Hours of Operation
Agency Description of 150 to 175 words
. This part of the resource booklet must be written and paraphrased in paragraph format and must include the following information:
(1.5 spacing for submission to instructor)
Mission/Purpose of the resource
Populations Served
Specific Type of Services
Eligibility Requirements
One strength and one limitation of the agency or its services
The final booklet should include:
A Title Page
Table of Contents
An introduction with a statement of purpose and definition of child welfare
Use paragraph form for agency description, strength and limitations of resource
Agency information should be alphabetized and spaced at 1.5
Use Times New Roman, size 12 font
Include page numbers
Be visually appealing and professional in appearance
Submit your document to Turnitin®. Turnitin® will tell you if you have copied text from o.
Homeless The Motel Kids of Orange CountyWrite a 1-2 page pa.docxsimonithomas47935
Homeless: The Motel Kids of Orange County
Write a 1-2 page paper double spaced using 12 point Calibri/Times New Roman font.
Your paper should be written using the “conflict” and “symbolic interactionism” perspective. 1) What was the premise of the video? 2) Give two examples of how the children understood the situation they are in. 3) Why or why not do you see hope for the children. 4) How did the video make you feel?
.
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The document discusses two California government websites, waterboards.ca.gov and water.ca.gov and asks what the differences are between the agencies that run each site. It instructs the reader to visit both websites to learn more.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Designing Engineers, Lmtd.A Pseudonym for ME 154 A divi.docx
1. Designing Engineers, Lmtd.
A Pseudonym for ME 154
A division of Mechanical Engineering Dept.
03 June 2016
To: Project Engineers
From: Michael Jenkins, Engineering Manager
Re: Design Project 5 (Design of a small speed reducer)
A large commercial customer from Mexico has approached us
about submitting a bid for an order of 1000
small speed reducers. These speed reducers are to accept an
input of 2.25 kW at a shaft speed of 2000 rpm
and will have a reduction ratio of 3.15:1 with the output shaft
rotating in the same direction as the input. The
input and output shafts are to be on opposite sides of the casing
and are to be parallel to each other. The
external parts of the shafts are solid, circular pieces of standard
sizes and will have standard square key ways.
There will be no significant axial load placed on the shafts from
external sources. The shafts will overhang
the face of the casing by 3 times the shaft diameter. The
external loads will be applied by flexible couplings
which transmit only torque to the shaft. The power source is an
electric motor and the driven load will be
smooth in nature. Reversal of the input rotation is anticipated
on occasion. Any necessary lubrication should
be by grease packed into the casing (no liquid lubricants!).
2. Minimal maintenance may be expected in use.
Your job is to design the internal workings of the speed reducer
(e.g., gear set, chain and sprocket, etc) along
with associated shafts and bearings. Also design a suitable
casing, being sure to allow for assembly, mounting
to convenient flat surfaces, and sealing of any grease. Provide a
complete set of your final design calculations
and a set of component and assembly drawings. Describe your
design process in your final FORMAL report.
Be sure to list and defend assumptions and major design
decisions. Describe alternative designs which were
considered, giving reasons for their rejections. Include
materials selection and manufacturer and part numbers
for any purchased parts (e.g. bearings).
Note, if an "off-the-shelf" speed reducer is selected, the above
requirements are not obviated and your final
report shall include design calculations to confirm the vendor's
design.
Provide a list of parts, approximate cost of each part, and
method of fabrication (or procurement). Also
provide an estimate of the assembly time.
Your design teams should not exceed five, nor be less than two
persons. One person shall be designated as the
lead. The lead, rather than the group collective, is responsible
for communicating with me. I expect periodic
progress reports as follows:
Friday, 03 June 2016: Gant chart showing major tasks and
anticipated completion dates (hard + soft copies)
Tuesday, 07 June 2016: Brief milestone report indicating a
preliminary design compared to
3. alternative designs and selection rationale (hard + soft copies)
Thursday, 09 June 2016: Draft of final report including
organization, layout, content (hard + soft copies)
Friday, 06 June 2016: Short (~10 minutes) presentation
pitching your proposed design (hard +soft copies)
I look forward to receiving your completed formal report (hard
+ soft copies) no later than close of business (5
PM) on Friday, 10 June 2016.
1
Speed Reducer Gearbox
Design of Machine Elements
Dr. Stephen Boedo
4. Section 2
Konrad Ahlin
Natalie Ferrari
Kimberly Maier
2
Project Summary
The intent of this project was to design a gearbox containing
two shafts, one
coupling, four bearings and two helical gears. The gearbox is
part of a system to
test the idling characteristics of an automotive timing drive
system. The gearbox is
being powered by a 5 hp, 60Hz AC, electric motor with a speed
of 1725 rev/min.
The goal of the gearbox is to produce a 2:1 speed reduction to
862.5 rev/min
using helical gears.
5. There were four important machine specifications that the
gearbox had to
abide by. First, the coupling combining the motor and first shaft
transmits torque
but does not add to the bending or shear aspects of the system.
The next
specification was that the entire system is to be bolted to a
horizontal bedplate but
is only accessible from the top surface. In regards to the
machine components
(apart from bolts and bearings), they must all be designed with
a factor of safety
between 1.5 and 2.0 with respect to infinite life. The bearings
must achieve a life
of at least 200,000,000 cycles and the factor of safety of the
bolts must be greater
than 1.5.
Proposed Design
Figure 1: Preliminary Marketing Design of Gearbox
6. 3
Figure 2: Exploded view of proposed design
Device operation description
This device was designed to perform in the following manner.
The motor is
connected to the first shaft via a coupling with set screws and
specifically designed
keys. It will turn the shaft smoothly at 1725 rpm as it is
supported by two ball
bearings appropriately spaced to provide acceptable moments
and deflections. On
the end of the first shaft is a pinion gear attached with a key and
pin. The pinion
gear, complete with 12 teeth, interferes with the second helical
gear with 24 teeth,
respectively. This ratio of teeth provides the ideal speed
reduction to 862.5 rpm.
The new speed is then transferred to the second shaft that is
also support by two
7. appropriately spaced ball bearings.
Analysis Summary
When analyzing this system, many assumptions were made in
order to
design the components. The helical pinion and gears were
designed to a pressure
angle of 20˚, a helix angle of 30˚, and a diametral pitch of 14
teeth/in. The
chosen material was grade 1 steel with a hardness, Hb of 200
with a quality of 6
and a reliability of 0.9. The shafts were designed to be made out
of 1020 CD steel.
Shaft 1
Bearing 3
Shaft 2
Bearing 1
Bearing 4
Gear 2
Pinion Gear 1
Coupling
8. Gear Key 2
Gear Key 1
Pin 1
Coupling
Key
Bearing 1
Pin 2
4
Also, the coupling weight and gear weight were ignored when
analyzing the shear
and bending of the shaft for they would be negligible. The
bearings were all
constructed out of steel and the housings are cast iron. The
bearings achieve
infinite life because the maximum load and maximum rpm
values of the bearing
were higher than what would be experienced in this system. The
keys were all
9. constructed from an aluminum alloy with a yield strength of 4.5
kpsi. The height
and width of the key were determined base on the diameter of
the shaft. The
proposed key depth was then chosen from this information. The
coupling was
assumed to achieve infinite life because the key was designed
properly to support
the torque provided by the motor.
Force Plane – xy Plane - xz
Reaction at Bearing 1 -66.49 lbs 182.68
Reaction at Bearing 2 199.47 lbs -548.05 lbs
Reaction at Bearing 3 -254.88 lbs 700.28 lbs
Reaction at Bearing 4 121.89 lbs -334.92 lbs
Table 1: Reaction forces from the Bearings
Design Component Safety Factor Infinite Life Factor
Coupling Key 2 L = 1.1 in
Pinion Gear – Bending 1.73 σ = 18961.5 psi
Pinion Gear - Wear 2.2 σ = 48947.7 psi
10. Gear Key 1 2 L = 1.1 in
Gear 2 – Bending 1.85 σ = 17681.5 psi
Gear 2 - Wear 2.2 σ = 49156.9 psi
Gear Key 2 2 L = 0.82 in
Shaft 1 - Diameter nf =1.56, ny =3.26 D = 1.1875
Shaft 1 - Deflection - δ = 0.0108 in
Shaft 2 – Diameter nf =2.04, ny =4.35 D = 1.5 in
Shaft 2 - Deflection - δ = 0.008 in
Bearing 1 1.5 F = 1370.2 lbf
Bearing 2 1.5 F = 4110.7 lbf
Bearing 3 1.5 F = 5252.5 lbf
Bearing 4 1.5 F = 2512.1 lbf
Table 2: Safety Factor and Infinite Life Factor Results
The above table shows the results for the safety factor and
infinite life factor for
each design component in the gearbox. All machine components
other than the
bearings and bolt were designed for infinite life. Each
component’s factor of safety
11. 5
falls within reason of the given 1.5 to 2 range. The designed
components
dimensions are realistic and could be manufactured if this
system were to be
constructed.
Summary and Conclusions
Design Limitations
One design limitation was trying to find a coupling that could
fit the 30mm
diameter of the motor shaft as well as the diameter of shaft 1.
Another limitation
was that the gears had to be helical and abide the given speed
reduction ratio. The
motor for the system operated as a specific speed which only
provided a certain
amount of power to the system. Designing all the components to
have a factor of
safety within the 1.5 to 2 range was also constraining.
12. Improvements
There are some improvements that can be made to the system
for it to run
more effectively. One improvement would be to increase the
available horsepower
that the motor outputs. Another improvement could be to look
into using other
types of gears besides helical. In regards to our budget, some of
the materials
were high in price. Looking into other metals for the shaft or
different types of
bearings could lower the cost of the system. Using a different
material could also
aid in the improvement of performance and allow the gearbox to
run more
effectively.
13. 6
Appendix A –Free Body Diagrams and Detailed Calculations
Figure 1: FBD of Shaft 1 (xy and xz directions)
Figure 2: FBD of Shaft 2 (xy and xz directions)
7
Shaft Analysis
14. 8
Pinion and Gear Analysis
Bearing Bolt Analysis
9
Bearing and Key Analysis
10
21. Project Summery
Design of Small Speed Reducer:
Abstract:
Speed reducers are mechanical gadgets which are utilized for
two purposes. Those elementary utilize is on increase the
measure for torque created toward a enter energy wellspring
with expand the measure from claiming usable worth of effort.
They additionally diminish the information control wellspring
pace to attain fancied yield speeds. The Choice What's more
integrative for speed reducers entails substantially more than
essentially picking you quit offering on that one crazy of an
inventory. By and large those greatest torque, speeds, and spiral
loads distributed can't be utilized all the while. Correct
administration elements must make connected should suit an
extensive variety of dynamic provisions. And, when the suitable
velocity reducer is selected, best possible establishment Also
upkeep are those keys should expanding existence.
Pace reducer classifications. The totally mixture of mechanical
speed lessening units incorporates pulleys, sprockets, gears,
Furthermore rubbing drives. There need aid additionally
electrical items that could progress those engine speed. This
talk will concentrate on enclosed-drive speed reducers,
otherwise called rigging drives Also gearboxes, which need two
principle configurations: in-line and right edge. Each camwood
a chance to be attained utilizing diverse sorts about adapting.
In-line models would ordinarily committed up from claiming
22. helical or goad gears, planetary gears, cycloidal mechanisms, or
symphonious wave generators. Planetary outlines by give
acceptable the most elevated torque in the littlest one bundle.
Cycloidal and symphonious drives the table conservative
outlines on higher ratios, same time helical What's more goad
reducers are by those practically prudent. Constantly on would
equitably productive.
Right edge outlines would commonly made with worm adapting
alternately angle gearing, if mixture drives would likewise
accessible. Worm gears need aid maybe those the majority cost-
effective decrease solution, yet all the typically have a least 3.
15:1 proportion and lose significant effectiveness concerning
illustration proportions try higher. Angle reducers would
exceptionally productive in any case bring a successful speed
diminishment upper point of confinement for 6:1. The sort for
provision dictates which pace reducer outline will best fulfill
the necessities.
In front of picking whatever reducer, determinations must make
gathered should appropriately span Also introduce the unit:
torque, speed, horsepower, reducer efficiency, administration
factor, mounting position, association variables, and
Furthermore term required. Previously, exactly provisions the
measure from claiming backlash, transmission error, torsional
rigidity, and minute of latency need aid likewise imperative.
Torque, speed, strength relationship: The measure of torque
necessary is maybe those mossy cup oak essential criteria,
Likewise this interprets of the sum from claiming fill in those
velocity reducer must perform. In spite of the fact that
previously, basic requisitions figuring out the torque might a
chance to be generally straightforward, it could be challenging
for perplexing hardware. Inertia, friction, Furthermore gravity –
those physical phenomena that tend with oppose movement –
must a chance to be distinguished so that sufficient torque
camwood a chance to be created on succeed them.
Acknowledging coefficients from claiming rubbing and the
acceleration and deceleration about inertial Massenet may be
23. critical at ascertaining required torque. A more point by point
exchange of these components might be found in the
Machinery’s Handbook, movement framework plan Handbook,
What's more different machine configuration publications.
An alternate route previously, finding an existing machine’s
obliged torque will be on take amperage readings starting with
the engine Eventually Tom's perusing identikit those current
draw. Afterward calculations might a chance to be committed on
Figure the required strength. Finally, toward utilizing a standard
torque equation What's more acknowledging those Different
ratios, the intimacy torque quality camwood a chance to be
understood.
When those needed energy will be identified, the administration
factor, must make viewed as will legitimately span those unit.
Those administration element takes under record different
operational parameters, including period about fill in days,
numbers from claiming begins what’s more stops, load
characteristics, Also control sources. The majority reducers
would rate for a greatest torque at a provided for amount from
claiming lifetime hours. The restricting calculate in these
appraisals will be not those gear or shaft strength, yet the
bearing an aggregation. A direct result bearings must backing
the division drives of the gears under load, stacking under those
most extreme rating expands gearbox existence. Conversely, by
expanding the load variables Likewise highlighted above, a
diminish for gearbox term will aftereffect. Therefore, to land at
those powerful torque requirement, the proper administration
Components have will make connected.
Toward this phase the pace reducer Furthermore engine could a
chance to be chose. Commonly a fundamental energy hotspot
for example, an engine alternately motor need been selected,
which works at a particular speed. Arriving In the right speed
reducer proportion and the coming about torque duplication may
be just a matter about isolating the engine pace Eventually
Tom's perusing those driven component pace. Then, the correct
engine measure camwood make found Eventually Tom's
24. perusing plugging in the Different Components Furthermore
qualities to a standard strength recipe.
Coordination pace reducers:
Then afterward selection, the following issue may be how the
gearbox will make incorporated under the machine. Those
fundamental worries would how those gearbox will be mounted
what's more entryway it will be associated with the driver and
determined load.
Shaft introduction is a standout amongst those to begin with
considerations. Over huge numbers requisitions it is alluring
will need possibly those enter or yield shaft vertically situated.
In this circumstance extraordinary consideration must a chance
to be taken will guarantee best possible oil. The oil or grease
clinched alongside a gearbox doesn't main furnish insurance
against rigging wear, as well as to lessening bearing wear. So,
at a standout amongst those shafts is mounted vertically, the
highest backing bearing might not get the oil it needs. Done
specific gearbox plans those sprinkle Furthermore misting made
toward the gears pivoting through those oil supply are sufficient
to give the legitimate lubrication, be that as done low-speed
sorts it will be vital to introduce progressed, fixed bearings.
Clinched alongside at present different high-sounding
provisions it might make vital should give acceptable interior or
outer pumps to convey the oil of the fitting area. At whatever
point a shaft necessities on a chance to be vertically mounted, it
may be essential will figure out whether a substitute oil strategy
will be fundamental.
The following attention is how the pace reducer will be
associated with those force wellspring and of the determined
load. Choices incorporate driving with a pulley, sprocket, or
gear, interfacing for a coupling, accordance shaft, or widespread
joint, Furthermore shaft mounting specifically on the
determined shaft.
The point when interfacing with a pulley, sprocket, or gear, the
fundamental issue is spiral load, usually known as overhang
load. Shaft bearings would not just planned to help rigging
25. division powers Anyway with suit and specific amount from
claiming spiral What's more push stacking on the shafts
themselves. When crashing for pulleys Furthermore sprockets, a
spiral power happens concerning illustration those cinch or
chain tries on turn the shaft. The extent about this compel could
a chance to be computed Likewise the torque transmitted
separated toward the span of the pulley alternately sprocket.
This normally isn’t the main side compel exerted, however?
Those pulley or chain may be tight on the driving side, be that
as need a few slack on the again side. To decrease those coming
about commotion Also forestall cinch slip or tooth rot jumps, it
is basic should introduce a pressure gadget. The point when
those cinch or chain is tightened, extra spiral stacking happens.
The blending about spiral load because of torque Furthermore
strain must be viewed as at selecting a gear drive.
When interfacing a velocity reducer with a coupling, and on An
Lesseps extent, offering shafts Also u-joints, arrangement is the
fundamental worry. Due to machining tolerances on gearbox
lodgings Furthermore mounting plates, adaptable couplings
would recommended. Without accurate alignment, utilizing an
inflexible coupling Might make over the top side loads on the
shaft bearings. Actually with adaptable couplings best possible
arrangement is necessary, similarly as practically couplings will
just permit parallel misalignments of 0. 005 with 0. 010 over.
Also precise misalignments about 1 should 3°. Large portions
coupling plans are suitable for separate applications, in any case
for greatest reducer life, those coupling ought to further
bolstering suit of reinforcement those vocation.
The third alternative for interfacing the gearbox will be on
mount it straightforwardly on the determined shaft for an empty
exhaust yield shaft. This diminishes the worries viewing
arrangement Furthermore spiral loads What's more rations
space. A backing arm starting with those gearbox of the
machine outline keeps the gearbox starting with pivoting
regarding those shaft.
A lot of people gearbox plans consider those engine on make
26. specifically mounted of the reducer. These outlines fuse
whichever greatly exact flanges with permit the engine on make
specifically stopped under those reducer or other adapters for
essential analytics couplings. This dispenses with the
requirement to separate mounting of the motor, be that may be
generally main useful for more modest motors.
In spite of this completes those real considerations for pace
reducer Choice Also mix under those machine, different
components are paramount in certain requisitions. For instance,
for reversing or irregular load applications, the measure about
kickback ought to be lessened. Those second component that
ought a chance to be viewed as is transmission error, or those
positional difference about yield movement relative on
information movement. This will be generally a work for gear
also gathering personal satisfaction What's more is essential at
exact also predictable movement will be obliged. Those third
outline component may be torsional rigidity, which is a
reducer’s imperviousness with turn under load. This is a
particularly significant thought when exact movement must be
supported throughout acceleration and deceleration. The last
plan component will be minute of latency. Previously, quick
acceleration applications, for example, such that servo systems,
the gearbox dormancy expands those engine torque obliged will
move the load. Everyone from claiming these pace reducer
components might be supplied over fluctuating levels for
precision or solidness for expanding expense for that's only the
tip of the iceberg stringent necessities.
Support and disappointment analysis: Despite well-engineered
outlines Also powerful Choice analysis, velocity reducers need
aid subject should wear Furthermore consequent
disappointment. To expand life, correct support methods ought
to make made. The practically critical component may be those
schedule oil change. Oil Furthermore grease particles break
down under those amazing weight of mating gear teethe under
load. The shearing impact from claiming gears cutting through
those oil Also helter smelter temperatures inside those box
27. likewise help oil breakdown. At oil furthermore grease lose
their lubricating properties, reducer wear quickly takes after.
In spite of a specific amount from claiming disappointments
could make attributed with issues for materials alternately
workmanship, as a rule operating states alternately provision
flow need aid on be faulted the point when a pace reducer falls
flat prematurely. At over-burden makes failure, it will be as a
rule as a result those unique outline criteria need changed, the
legitimate administration elements were not applied, the oil
might have been not changed, and alternately there might have
been a major stun load. When bearings come up short it is as a
rule those result about abundance overhand load, shaft
misalignment, alternately a lot of heat. At seals fail, it is well
on the way on something originated the middle of those seal and
shaft, or in view they were painted, dried out, Also got to be
fragile.
Cost-cutting tips. At a chosen speed reducer alternately drive
bundle is exactly a really unreasonable to those provision
parameters, an alternate methodology ought to a chance to be
viewed as. A direct result every one velocity reducer sorts come
in an assortment of nature levels, it ought to further bolstering
be resolved what amount of gearbox will be truly necessary.
However, you normally get the thing that you pay for. There
would a few other “tricks” that could be actualized should shave
costochondritis.
Particular case will be will Think as of evolving those mating
drive segments. In spite of the fact that practically pace
reducers might handle higher torque at more level speeds, those
association will be not straight. As opposed to attempting
should get a whole pace decrease out of the gearbox
Furthermore thusly the whole torque multiplication, a more
diminutive reducer might a chance to be chosen Toward getting
some of the proportion and torque starting with lesquerella
exorbitant pulleys alternately gears. To example, As opposed to
picking a 10:1 speed reducer driving An 1:1 belt, select An 5:1
reducer crashing An 2:1 cinch. Those gearbox best need should
28. would half the fill in.
When from the get go it appears to be that a bigger reducer may
be required with handle abundance overhang load, Think as of
evolving the pulley size. Spiral constrains might make lessened
clinched alongside regulate extent should expands in pulley,
sprocket, alternately rigging diameters. The point when
accelerating and decelerating inertial loads, those torque
required will be Additionally over regulate extent of the time
needed to accomplish the wanted speeds. Adjusting those
acceleration profiles camwood prompt decreased torque
prerequisites. As opposed to measuring reducers will handle
every one torque coming about because of estops alternately
machine jams, introduce brakes to aid in deceleration and
torque limiters on ensure against amazing shocks. Investment
funds dependent upon half might a chance to be figured it out.
Exactly engine Producers offer outlines that furnish full torque
on 2000 rpm. Eventually Tom's perusing multiplying the
reducer ratio, the same yield torque Furthermore velocity might
a chance to be attained for a lesquerella unreasonable engine.
Bringing down working costs might additionally decrease
expenses. When helter smelter speeds are required, Think as of
oil coursing library frameworks alternately outer cooling
choices. In spite of the fact that at first a greater amount
unreasonable upkeep and down run through will be lessened
Also gearbox existence will a chance to be broadened.
Utilization higher effectiveness speed reducers:
To example, select a helical alternately worm plan as opposed
to a standard worm reducer. In spite of the fact that those unit
might cosset 20 on 30 percent more, the helter smelter
effectiveness might consider a littler engine What's more bring
about lesquerella force utilization to payback on best a couple
months.
Speed reducer Diagram: Electric Circuit how transmit the
power:
29. Custom speed Reducer:
Dimensions:
Critical thinking will be those magic element that makes torque
transmission particularly unique in relation to "catalog-only"
force transmission part suppliers. All the more importantly, we
have the interesting limit on change alternately redo whatever
of the standard results Previously, our inventory with meet your
particular requisition necessities fast and monetarily. We would
further separated Eventually Tom's perusing our abilities will
furnish a range of custom gearbox results dependent upon
particular abilities honed In more than 40 quite some time for
attempting nearly with our clients.
Points of interest:
Those exceptional limit with change or alter at whatever of the
standard speed reducers for our inventory to help a customer’s
particular requisition needs. A reach about custom results In
view of specific abilities honed toward more than 40 a
considerable length of time from claiming working nearly with
clients. Custom speed reducer Options Stainless steel shaft.
Shaft Lengths. Left hand worm gears. Mounting choices.
Challenge us with your applications.
Calculations and Formula: To find the output torque and speed
of a gear reducer, use these
gear ratio formulas:
Output Torque = Input Torque x Ratio of Gear Reduction
Torque is measured in Inch Pounds
Output Speed = Input Speed / Ratio of Gear Reduction
Data Given:
A gear reducer with 1000 in/lbs. of input torque, an input
speed of 2000 RPM, and a reduction ratio of 3.5:1 is:
1kW=737.56 in/lbs.
Output Torque = 1000 x 3.5
Output RPM = 2000 / 3.5
30. Calculated out this gives an output torque of 3,500 in/lbs. and
an
output speed of 571.4286 RPM. (Rounded to the nearest
10,000th)
Conclusion:
Those velocity reducer issue is utilized within a number
Different sorts from claiming requisitions What's more is a
standout amongst those standard benchmark issues in structural
streamlining. In spite of the fact that a lot of people
metaheuristic calculations need been created with unravel this
problem, these routines can't assurance worldwide optimality of
the result. This consider applies a deterministic methodology In
view of convexification methodologies What's more piecewise
linearization systems will Comprehensively fathom An pace
reducer configuration issue. However, various break focuses
need aid used in the linearization transform to arriving at an
estimated worldwide result with An low error, What's more a
significant part time is obliged on take care of those
reformulated model. Therefore, this contemplate likewise adopts
the go decrease strategy with upgrade the computational
effectiveness. Compared with metaheuristic methods, this
contemplate ensures the worldwide optimality of the result.
Compared for different deterministic methods, this contemplate
obtains an exceptional result for an easier slip clinched
alongside demand.