Designing an environmental justice course
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Slides for the presentation by Andrea Ross (University of Dundee) at UKCLE's Environmental justice in legal education event
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Chapter Two
Studying Social Life:
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Chapter Two
Studying Social Life:
Sociological Research Methods
Quantitative & Qualitative
Quantitative Research is numerical and/or statistical in nature.
Often tries to find cause-and-effect relationships
It refines large amounts of information into rates, percentages, charts, graphs
Qualitative Research works with non-numerical data
It uses transcripts, photographs, written field notes, recordings, interviews
It often tries to understand how people make sense of their world
What are some examples of each type of data? Let’s give five examples..
In Education, Criminal Justice, Public Safety, Finances, etc..
The Scientific Approach
The Scientific Method is a procedure for acquiring knowledge that emphasizes collecting concrete data through observation and experiment.
1. Identify a problem or ask a question
2. Conduct a literature review
3. Form a hypothesis; give operational definitions to variables
4. Choose a research design or method
5. Collect data
6. Analyze data
7. Disseminate findings
Let’s Ask A Questions…
Does Violent TV lead to Violent Behavior?
Step One: We asked a question
Step Two: We read all other research done on the topic (avoid duplicating)
Step Three: We identify variables give a hypothesis
“Watching violence on TV” is the independent variable
“Acting Violently” is the dependent variable (we must define and measure accurately)
Step Four: We design the method(s) to test the hypothesis
Experiment, survey, interview, participant observation,
Step Five: We do the experiment, conduct the survey, interviews, etc.
Step Six: We analyze the data collected and review the hypothesis
Step Seven: We present at conferences, seminars, & publish our findings, etc..
But what if we’re wrong?
Correlation vs. Causation
A correlation is a relationship between variables in which they change together, and may or may not be causal. (ice cream sales and violence)
Environmental factors, peer groups, media consumption, family, time of year?
Causation is a relationship between variables in which a change in one directly produces a change in the other.
Drinking and driving kills or Smoking gives people lung cancer
There could be an Intervening Variable, a third variable that explains the relationship between two other variables.
Example: Warm weather: causes people to be more violent and to eat more ice cream
When both variables are influenced by a third variable it is called Spurious Correlation.
Can you think of any other seasonal examples where there could be an intervening variable?
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There are a wide range of methods that allow researchers to gather quantitative and qualitative data.
Ethnography: Participant Observation, Field Notes, Reflexivity
Interviews: Target Population, Informed Consent, Question Format
Surveys: Sampling the Population, Likert Scale
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Background
You work as a paralegal in a public defender’s office. In an upcoming presentation to a local legislative committee, the public defender plans to address criminal justice issues, constitutional principles, cultural sensitivity, and diversity awareness to promote social justice goals in local communities. You have been asked to assist the public defender in preparing the presentation. To this end, you will explore processes and issues in three criminal cases, applications for criminology, and relevant critical perspectives toward the goal of building a more just society.
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The public defender hopes to gain funding to support programs that respond to criminal justice issues and that promote a more just society. Earlier in this course, you had an opportunity to criminology through the works of Messer et al. (2016), Salvatore (2017) and Zoutewelle-Terovan & Skardhamar (2016). These authors consider how criminology may help to explain factors that associate with crime. Recall for example the consideration of life course theory in Messer et al. (2016). To help the public defender with preparation, you have been asked to create a paper between six and eight pages in length. Your description of processes, explanation of issues, and analysis of critical perspectives will provide the foundation for the public defender’s address to the local legislative committee, and thereby promote support for programs and laws that address large societal problems and that promote the social justice principles of equality, solidarity, and human rights to build a more just society.
The public defender has come across three distinct cases that highlight the criminal justice issues that the legislature needs to address. Each case is preceded by a video summary that will comprise a portion of the public defender’s presentation to the legislative committee. To provide context for the public defender’s presentation to the legislative committee, the initial part of your paper should explain issues and describe processes about the following case scenarios:
The Three Cases
Case No. 1: Juvenile Justice and Law Enforcement
Case Description (also included in the multimedia content)
Through the process of waiver, the defendant was transferred from the juvenile justice system to the criminal justice system on drug related charges. If convicted, the defendant could receive a prison sentence. The defendant resides in an impoverished community. The public defender seeks funding for community treatment centers that respond to drug issues.
When in custody, the defendant claims that law enforcement asked incriminating ques ...
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- 1. Designing an Environmental Justice Course. Andrea Ross School of Law University of Dundee March 29, 2010
- 3. Background I currently teach the following at Dundee. The experiences from each, as well as my research influenced my approach to the EJ module. Since developing the EJ module they all contain some but significantly different amounts of environmental justice content. Legal Methods and Systems (level 1) Planning Law (level 3) Environmental Law (level 4) Sustainable Development (level 5) Environmental Justice (level 5) Ph.d / LLM by research candidates
- 4. Background - Environmental Justice module Part of LLM in Environmental Law – offered as an option to other LLM candidates LLM: Environmental Regulation, Environmental Justice or Sustainable Development, (core) International Marine Resources, European Environmental Law (options – other choices available from other LLM degrees) Candidates come from all over the world The majority are legally trained
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