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Description of Organization
McDonald's (MCD) is a fast-food, limited-service
restaurant chain with more than 35,000 locations in more than
100 countries worldwide. The organization operates in the
foodservice industry and its primary focus is on operating and
franchising McDonald's restaurants (Opait, 2019). All
restaurants are run either by the Company, franchisees
(independent entrepreneurs), or affiliates operating under
licensing agreements, depending on the model. As the world's
largest quick-service restaurant chain since its founding in
1955, McDonald's Corporation has radically altered the dietary
patterns of both Americans and non-Americans alike.
The products offered, fried chicken sandwiches, chicken
nuggets, hamburgers and the quarter-pounder are just a few
examples of McDonald's standard menu items. The major
delicacies, however, are fries and the Big Mac. There are also
salads and wraps, as well as desserts and a variety of soft drinks
on its menu. McDonald's additionally, offers regionally specific
meal selections to remain competitive in foreign markets. For
instance, in Spain, it offers gazpacho, while in China, it offers
the black-and-white burger and in India, it offers the Veg Pizza
McPuff. Burger King and Wendy's are McDonald's primary
competitors in the United States.
Problem being addressed
It's been a difficult few years for the company because of
an increased consciousness in taking healthier diets by the
consumers. As a consequence, there has been a drop in sales of
the company's products attributable to the absence of sufficient
realistic business and corporate strategies to solve this issue
(Sogari et al., 2018). Because of this, the organization has been
reworking its recipes and menu options to make them healthier.
For example, the sodium content has been reduced significantly
in the sauces, buns, and McNuggets, as well as in the fries. The
sauces' oil content has been reduced, therefore lowering the
calories in the sauces significantly (Das, 2016). However, with
the rising cases of health risks and their link to the consumption
of fast foods, more people are beginning to develop negative
beliefs about the consumption of fast foods. Because of shifting
consumer tastes and health concerns, people are paying closer
attention to the foods they eat (Commetric, 2019). Excess
weight, obesity, high cholesterol, and other health problems
have all been linked to a diet high in fast food. Fast food
restaurants are responding to these issues by adding healthier
options on their menus but this is still not enough.
The government and the healthcare industry have been
carrying out campaigns to educate people on the need to take
care of their diet and this has also increased the negative
perception of fast foods among the population (Newman, 2019) .
Additionally, many proponents of a healthy diet continue to
"blame" the food industry for the health problems associated
with diet. The rise of vegan fast foods has brought a lot of
competition to traditional fast-food restaurants. Vegan fast
foods exclude meat items and include vegetable and vegan
products instead. Consumers consider these fast foods healthier
and are slowly switching to vegan fast foods. It is clear that
adding healthier options is not the only solution that will help
McDonald’s address the issue of consumer consciousness in
their food intake. A more innovative and technological approach
is needed to address the issue.
Technology integration and Components
The above-mentioned problem can be addressed by
developing a food ordering app that also functions as a nutrition
application to help customers track their nutrition requirements
when making orders. The software of the app will assist users in
keeping track of their calorie intake even before they place their
orders. Customers must provide information about their weight
loss objectives, diet, and dietary preferences while downloading
the application. Using this information, the app will then build a
complete list of food products that are available for them to
choose from. Users can then use this to place orders for
nutritious items that are tailored to their dietary requirements.
People who need to check their food intake for health reasons
can benefit from the application, which can make their lives
easier. The app will also assist consumers in locating food items
that are appropriate for their dietary requirements. If a user
wishes to track potential intolerances associated with specific
items available in McDonald's menu, the application can be
customized to generate graphs that demonstrate relationships
between specific foods and how a person feels after eating
them. Also to be included feedback on tactics for losing weight,
altering one's relationship with food, and getting into better
condition, which will be provided through the app.
Solution
scenario
This software will be able to combine recipes, propose
ingredients, and put together preferred meals all in one place,
allowing a person to have a wider range of meals made with
healthy ingredients. This food ordering and nutrition application
will also be able to help special groups such as vegans and
pregnant women make orders according to their nutritional
needs. It's challenging to know what to eat while pregnant,
especially if you're trying to keep away from certain meals or
eat more nutrient-dense foods. They will be able to use this app,
choose from a selection of recipes, and read customer reviews
on various meal options.
References
Das, S. (2016). McDonald's gets health-conscious: Changing
tastes trigger a change of menu at the global burger chain. Is
this a sign of the times to come for fast food brands across the
country? https://www.business-
standard.com/article/management/mcdonald-s-gets-health-
conscious-116021001129_1.html
Commetric. (2019). Fast Food in the Media: The Rise of the
Health-Conscious Consumer.
https://commetric.com/2019/01/04/fast-food-in-the-media-the-
rise-of-the-health-conscious-consumer/
Newman, K. (2019). Obesity in America: A Public Health Crisis
Obesity is a public health issue that impacts more than 100
million adults and children in the U.S.
https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-
communities/articles/2019-09-19/obesity-in-america-a-guide-to-
the-public-health-crisis
Opait, G. (2019). The McDonald’s Corporation, a “Star” in the
“Galaxy of the Businesses”. Annals of “Dunarea de Jos”
University of Galati Fascicle I. Economics and Applied
Informatics Years XXV, (3), 1-13.
Sogari, G., Velez-Argumedo, C., Gómez, M. I., & Mora, C.
(2018). College students and eating habits: A study using an
ecological model for healthy behavior. Nutrients, 10(12), 1823.
Table of Contents
Introduction2
Project Plan2
Organizational Background5
Business problems or opportunities overview6
Overview of technology solution category7
Alternative solutions and recommendations10
Performance measurement plan13
Organizational impact15
Conclusion17
References19
Introduction
The name of our company is Coral Gables (CG). CG is a city
government in South Florida. CG performs functions such as the
review/approval of the annual budget, establishment of tax
rates, modification of the city’s charter, and regulation of
public health and safety (NLC, n.d.). It has an open data portal
that allows residents to evaluate and analyze datasets (e.g.,
budget data). The company is in desperate need of a technology
solution that is compatible with its contingency/disaster
recovery plan (DRP). Recently, CG has experienced a fire
disaster that caused a huge data loss. The fire has cost them a
hefty amount of time and money to rebuild/replace equipment.
Both of which they cannot afford to waste, as their
responsibilities as a city government rely on their ability to
maintain the security and integrity of sensitive data. They now
understand that they need to push forward with their plan to set
up an off-site location. Specifically, a location that possesses an
adequate amount of space for optimal functionality, in the event
that it must be used during the aftermath of a disaster.
Currently, CG is looking into a cloud-based service that will
provide them with a relocation process that hosts features such
as management tools, data services, and networking. CG intends
to combine the chosen hyperconverged infrastructure (HCI)
solution with their DRP strategy.Project Plan
Contingency plans are a necessity within every organization.
They help organizations develop contingency strategies that are
based on considerations and solutions. For example, data
backup and recovery might be a consideration. One solution for
it would be interoperability; which means the backup device
will need to be compatible with different operating systems and
applications (Swanson et al, n.d.). A contingency plan is made
up of three important components (Garcia, 2008): emergency
response (focuses on people), crisis management (focuses on the
decision process), business recovery/resumption (focuses on
business revenue).
All three usually play out in phases; when the circumstances of
an incident or event supersede the capability/responsibilities of
one team (e.g., crisis management team), it is then to be handled
by the next phase. The procedures for each phase need to be
well defined and documented, to lessen the risk of failure when
a real event occurs. Before a contingency plan process can
begin, three objectives of a risk analysis must be addressed
(Toigo, 2003):
· Identify business processes and their associated IT
infrastructure resource requirements (that is, the data,
applications, systems, and networks that are used in delivering
the business process). Prioritize business processes according to
time sensitivity and criticality.
· Identify existing threats to business processes and
infrastructure resources.
· Define objectives for strategies to eliminate avoidable risks
and to minimize the impact of risks that cannot be eliminated.
To make the process easier, or at least more efficient, an
organization must utilize and/or create categories for the
contingency plans used in response to an event. What this
means for organizations is that they would be prepared for risks
and threats because they have a list of contingencies grouped
under specific categories, from which an organization can draw
in their time of need. This way the use of resources becomes
more refined in terms of cost-effectiveness and time
management. By using a criticality spectrum (Toigo, 2003), risk
levels can be categorized as Critical, Vital, Sensitive, and
Noncritical.
Tabletop testing is a simulated exercise (with limitations) that
allows a disaster recovery (DR) team to play out disaster
recovery scenarios. The facilitator creates a scenario in where
the team must complete their objectives by using the DR
runbook, whilst they deal with constrictions. For example, a
constraint might be that a database system cannot be accessed
because the location of an essential device/person is cut-off or
unreachable. This device/person is one step of a multi -factor
authentication process. The solution to this problem might be to
modify the authentication procedure and/or establish an
alternate method to gain access to the database. Generally, a
tabletop test would include (Herrera, 2017):
· The scenario
· Names of participants
·
MIS540 Team Project Report – Keller School of Management,
2021Prof. A. Turkey Page: 2
· Facilitator
· Leader
· Department heads
· Suppliers and other third parties
· Note-taker
·
· Scope and exercise boundaries
· Usually one department/location.
· Assumptions about the facts surrounding the exercise
· Goals and objectives of the exercise
· Logistics detailing people, process, technology, or supply
requirements
Contingency plans work best when they allow staff and/or
departments to share their expertise during the planning phase
of the project. As well as permit them to make their
contributions during the development phase. This way key
management personnel feel that they have more of a role during
the process because it will then take into consideration the
matters that are unique to them. By getting, for example,
department leaders more involved with the contingency plan,
they take on responsibilities and thus become more accountable.
Which is a good thing, because their investment in the strategy
(i.e., policies, guidelines, procedures, and standards) improves
the sustainability of the plan.
Mind Tools (n.d.) offers advice on how to get people to buy-
in and how to offset resistance to a contingency plan: “stress
the importance of the task and the potential consequences of not
having a plan in place. And, if it's within your power to do so,
set people deadlines for submitting their contribution, or make
it a performance review objective.” It is important that the
vision of the project is comprehensible. Participants need to be
able to contribute to it in some way, to give them a sense of
ownership, or partnership during the realization, of that
vision.Organizational Background
The city Coral Gables, dubbed "The City Beautiful', was
developed by George Merrick during the Florida land boom of
the 1920s. The city is in the Miami Metro area, located about
eight miles southwest of downtown Miami. The city's
architecture is almost entirely Mediterranean Revival Style and
is home to the famous Biltmore Estate. Today Coral Gables is a
major employment center comprised of local and international
business. Coral Gables is especially desirable to businesses
because of its proximity to Miami International Airport,
downtown Miami, and the Port of Miami. The city sees many
high-end leisure and corporate travelers and has more than 100
cafes and restaurants. As the city has grown so has government
business. Coral Gables is the 61st largest city in Florida with a
population of 48,4850 but has declined at a rate of -0.86%
annually. Overall, the city has seen a 4.42% increase since the
2010 census.
Business problems or opportunities overview
Disasters are an ongoing threat to the operational stability of a
business. It is the reality of companies today who realize that
they must be able to maintain a steady flow of production
before, during, and after an event occurs. If they fail to plan
ahead of a particularly disruptive event, they could end up as
the victim of any number of outcomes that could negatively
impact them over a period of time. Immediate impacts include
loss of life, loss of tax revenue, loss of PHI (Protected Health
Information), disrupted supply chains, property damage (e.g.,
buildings, equipment, etc.), and communication failures. Most
of which, if they exist too long, become long-term impacts that
stay with a company throughout a significant duration of its
lifespan. Unfortunately, small businesses would have a hard
time surviving the aftermath of a disaster. To combat these
scenarios, a business would need to develop a
contingency/disaster recovery plan that is supported by a
technology solution.
Data backup can be the easiest and most cost-effective way for
an organization to at least save and protect data that is vital to
the organization. Data should be backed up on a platform that is
removed from production and kept offsite and as current as
possible. Businesses can back up data using tapes, cartridges,
and large-capacity USB drives with integrated data backup
software. Data should be backed up as frequently as an
organization feels necessary to minimize data loss. Backups
should be kept in the same secure environment as the original
data. In this scenario, a business may not be able to continue
right away. Depending on the type of disaster servers may have
to be reloaded with a new operating system, software installed,
and data restored from backup. In the worst case where
equipment has been destroyed this may not be possible, but an
organization will still have its data.
Having your production system offsite and in the cloud offers a
much better chance for an organization to recover almost
immediately. This also adds greater protection from viruses or
malware by separating production data from local workstations.
Employees may be able to continue work remotely in a very
short amount of time even if there is not a building to return to.
This may require companies to invest in equipment that can be
used remotely or implement a BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
policy where workers would be able to use their own device
when connecting to the organization's production system.
Overview of technology solution category
CG is looking into a cloud-based services solution that will
make the relocation process of its IT infrastructure smooth to
execute, whenever necessary. It's a hyperconverged
infrastructure system that combines computation, storage,
networking, and cloud management into a single server-based
instance. Through research, CG has discovered that Microsoft
has been steadily advancing its services to help make the path
of digital transformation easy to venture. One of those services
is referred to as Azure. Azure has many features that provide
users of its Azure portal with migration and recovery options.
Specifically, Agrawal (2019) lists Azure Migrate and Azure Site
Recovery.
Figure 1. Azure Migrate Assessment Process. (Bangera, 2018).
Figure 2. Azure Site Recovery Setup. (Microsoft, n.d.).
Azure Migrate assists businesses that want to migrate to Azure.
The service performs an assessment of the data kept onsite
before migrating them to the Azure SQL Database or Managed
Instance. During the assessment phase the readiness, sizing,
cost, and dependencies of the environment that is to be
replicated are made. Azure Site Recovery (ASR) is a Disaster
Recovery as a Service (DRaaS) that offers a method of data
replication that maintains constant sync between locations (e.g.,
Site 1, Site 2, etc.). CG will have to download/install an ASR
provider on an Azure Stack HCI OS node, which has been
deployed to the servers that will be clustered. Workloads that
can be replicated include both physical and virtual machines.
ASR ensures that the business of, for example, CG will remain
operational during a disruption (e.g., outages).
In his cloud and cybersecurity blog, Nemnom (2021) applied the
ASR strategy to a disaster recovery scenario. You duplicate
machines to Azure regularly for disaster recovery. You can fail
the machines over from the primary Azure site to the secondary
Azure site and access them from there if there is an outage on-
premises or in one of the Azure datacenters. You can failback
once the primary site is operational again. The following is an
overview of Microsoft Azure:
· Features:
·
· Build websites with ASP.NET, PHP or Node.js
· Deploy and run Windows Server and Linux virtual machine
· Migrate applications and infrastructure
· SQL Database
· Caching
· CDN
· Virtual Network
· Mobile Services
· Cloud Services
· Business Analytics
· Hadoop
· Media Services
·
· Technical Details:
·
· Devices Supported
· Windows
· Linux
· Deployment
· On-Premise
· Language Support
· English
· Pricing Model
· Free
· Quote-based
· Customer Types
· Small Business
· Large Enterprises
· Medium BusinessAlternative solutions and recommendations
Given the previously stated details of Microsoft Azure, we
recommend that CG should consider two of Azure top
competitors, Mule ESB (MuleSoft Anypoint Platform) and
Freshservices, as alternative solutions.
MuleSoft ESB is an enterprise service bus developed by
MuleSoft (MuleSoft, n.d.). Its first stable release was July 22,
2019. Even though its software is java-based, it can
communicate with other platforms (e.g., NET). Mule has four
high availability options: Cold Standby, Warm Standby, Hot
Standby – Active-Passive, and Active-Active. Freshservices is a
management tool developed by Freshworks. It was founded in
2017 and is currently being used as a cloud-based SaaS.
Freshsevice assists IT departments with the management of
incidents and assets.
The diagrams below represent the disaster recovery process of
Mule ESB and Freshservice.
Figure 3. Mule’s zero downtime deployment model. (MuleSoft,
n.d.)
Figure 4. Freshservice's default process for its attachments and
disaster recovery (DR) bucket. (G, 2020).
The following is a comparison analysis (i.e., the similarities and
differences) between Mule ESB and Freshservice:
Similarities:
· Pricing Plans:
· Free Trial
· Quote-based
· Features:
· SLA Management/Monitoring
· Supported Languages:
· English
· Supported Devices:
· Windows and Mac.
Differences:
· Pricing Plans:
· Freshservice:
· Monthly Payment
· Annual Subscription
· Features:
· Freshservice:
· Automation Tools
· Custom SSL
· Priority Matrix
· Mule ESB:
· API Deployment Flexibility
· Edge Gateways
· Tokenization
· Supported Devices:
· Freshservice:
· Linux, Android, iPhone/IPad, and Web-based.
We recommend Freshservice. According to Finances Online
(n.d.), both services have a user satisfaction score above 95%;
Freshservice 97% and Mule ESB 99%. However, Freshservice
has a high 9.4 SmartScore, compared to Mule ESB’s 8.5
SmartScore. Real-time analysis of user reviews suggests that
Freshservice is the better option, based on three factors (G2,
n.d.):
· Requirements/Needs were met.
· The platform is well-supported.
· Updates/Roadmaps are better.Performance measurement plan
The business impact analysis (BIA) serves as an examination of
operational components; a process that works to develop
plans/strategies that expose weaknesses and minimize risks.
Such risks are revealed through the connections between all of
the operational components of an organization. The risk itself
being the reliance they may have on each other throughout its
infrastructure. The BIA would help identify essential
components and determine how funds should be allocated, based
on the severity of the impact the failure of a component may
have company-wide. Some of the areas the BIA would focus on
are matters of safety, finances, marketing, business reputation,
legal compliance, quality assurance, and IT resiliency (ITSMO,
n.d.). During a current/ongoing disaster, the BIA would assess
and put into action a recovery strategy that, per its
recommendations, prioritizes crucial points of impact whilst
making efficient use of both resources and time. There are four
types of BIAs of note that serve as guidelines: Initial, Product
and Service, Process, and Activity. Typically, the steps include
(Smartsheet, n.d.):
1. Gather Information. During this phase, you would form a
team and define the BIAs objectives and scope. The type of
information/metrics relevant to this phase is the name of
processes, users, maximum allowable downtime,
financial/operational impact, regulatory/legal/compliance
impact, and historical data.
2. Analyze Information. During this phase you would:
1.
2. Determine the Resource and Process Interdependencies
3. Identify the Resource Requirements for Optimal Operation
4. Determine the Impact of Disruption
5. Prioritize Business Functions
6. Estimate the Time and Resources Needed to Recover
7. Set Parameters
8. Identify the Vulnerabilities, Ways to Minimize Impact, and
Recovery Strategies
3.
4. Document Your Findings. This phase involves the
composition of the BIA report (i.e., exploratory and planning
components). The BIA report includes:
1.
2. Executive summary
3. Objectives and scope
4. Description of methodologies
5. Detailed discussion of findings
6. Recommendations
7. Supporting documents
5.
6. Present Your Findings. At this point, the BIA team presents
its findings to senior management.Organizational impact
The BIA uses the information gained from interviews,
descriptions, and reports to help (e.g., the CPC) assign tiers of
criticality to each IT system within the organization. The
criticality tier is based on the recovery time objective (RTO), as
well as the feasibility of the downtime procedures that would
need to become standardized over time. Standardization helps to
ensure that the security policies set in place by an organization
remain consistent throughout the business, as it
establishes/reinforces rules (i.e., passwords must be complex
and/or use a certain type of encryption to protect them) that are
used during the implementation of hardware and/or software.
The following is an example of how CG would assign and
define their tiers of criticality (ITSMO, n.d.):
·
· Tier 0: CGs IT infrastructure requires multiple data centers to
be able to serve production without manual intervention.
· RTO: 15 minutes
· Tier 1: Critical systems are needed to help make immediate
decisions (e.g., for diagnostics, documentation, etc.).
· RTO: 6 hours
· Tier 2: Critical systems can rely on the manual operation of
business processes for up to 1 day.
· RTO: 24 hours
· Tier 3: Critical systems can remain unavailable for at most 3
to 5 days.
· RTO: Up to 5 days
· Tier 4: Critical systems are barely impacted and the functions
that they provide can be manually operated until the system is
available.
· RTO: 30 days
With cloud technology, a business's contingency plan would
take into consideration essential elements such as contingency
triggers, data recovery tools, and methods for data migration
and restoration. And just like every organization that has gone
public, they must comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX).
The requirements (e.g., internal/external audits, data retention,
etc.) an organization will need to meet to remain compliant with
SOX fits perfectly well with the benefits of a contingenc y plan
(Bruno, n.d.):
·
· Minimize risk of loss
· Avoid litigation and the courts
· Time to migrate to a new solution
· Satisfies governance, risk, and compliance policy
· Allows focus on the vendor deliverables and benefits of SaaS
As for the cloud compliance adoption, itself? Companies
interested in SaaS platforms often gravitate towards cloud
service providers who will give them access to automation tools
to help them monitor their processes, as well as secure their
data. However, a company may hesitate to adopt cloud
compliance standards for many reasons. The top concern a
company might have is the geographical location of where its
data would be stored. Or to be more specific, the data protection
and privacy legislation of a state and/or country. As of now, 132
(out of 194) countries have protections in place that safeguard
and restrict access to private information, but how it is
practiced/enforced may differ between each of them (UNCTAD,
n.d.). Rodrigues (2013) stresses that it is important to
understand current legislation and how it applies "to your
particular company, which may vary with the states where you
do business, the type of data you handle, and even the service or
product you are providing, are all fundamental steps for a
successful move to the cloud."Conclusion
CG’s move to a cloud-based model is a necessity as opposed to
their current on-premised based model. Easy data backup and
disaster recovery is CG’s top priority. Within the cloud
environment all server-based infrastructure is located off-site.
This allows business to continue during a disaster as long as the
user has an internet connection. Data redundancy is also
provided by the cloud service. A strong indication that cloud
computing security is more reliable than some perceive it to be
is the report that over 93% of businesses that moved to the
cloud now have better data security. Local IT will manage any
security threats that occur with their local network. The clear
separation from the building can provide protection to CG’s
data from virus or malware attack. The cloud is flexible in
providing mass storage for the organization. Aside from cutting
hardware costs this also helps employees work together
efficiently no matter where they are based. Access from a
computer, smart phone, or tablet offers a convenience not seen
while CG is hosting their own environment. This will increase
productivity and ease of use across the entire organization. CG
realizes cloud-based computing is the future of smart and safe
business practice.
References
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azure-site-recovery-enhancements-for-cloud-migration/
Bangera, A. (2018, Dec 4). Discover and Assess with Azure
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https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/discover-assess-azure-migrate-
ashvith-bangera/
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https://www.coralgables.com/about-coral-gables
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Garcia, M. L. (2008). Design and Evaluation of Physical
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https://www.g2.com/compare/freshservice-vs-mulesoft-
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G, M. (2020, Sep 3). Serving private content from S3 using
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https://www.freshworks.com/saas/serving-private-content-from-
s3-using-cloudfront-blog/
Herrera, M. (2017, Sep 25). How to Build A Mock Disaster &
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https://bcinthecloud.com/2017/09/mock-disaster/
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Legislation/eCom-Data-Protection-Laws.aspx
World Population Review. Retrieved from
https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/coral-gables-fl-
population
Why Move to the Cloud? 12 Benefits of Cloud Computing in
2019. Retrieved from
https://www.softwareadvisoryservice.com/en/blog/why-move-
to-the-cloud-12-benefits-of-cloud-computing-in-2019/

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Description of Organization McDonalds (MC

  • 1. Description of Organization McDonald's (MCD) is a fast-food, limited-service restaurant chain with more than 35,000 locations in more than 100 countries worldwide. The organization operates in the foodservice industry and its primary focus is on operating and franchising McDonald's restaurants (Opait, 2019). All restaurants are run either by the Company, franchisees (independent entrepreneurs), or affiliates operating under licensing agreements, depending on the model. As the world's largest quick-service restaurant chain since its founding in 1955, McDonald's Corporation has radically altered the dietary patterns of both Americans and non-Americans alike. The products offered, fried chicken sandwiches, chicken nuggets, hamburgers and the quarter-pounder are just a few examples of McDonald's standard menu items. The major delicacies, however, are fries and the Big Mac. There are also salads and wraps, as well as desserts and a variety of soft drinks on its menu. McDonald's additionally, offers regionally specific meal selections to remain competitive in foreign markets. For instance, in Spain, it offers gazpacho, while in China, it offers the black-and-white burger and in India, it offers the Veg Pizza McPuff. Burger King and Wendy's are McDonald's primary competitors in the United States. Problem being addressed It's been a difficult few years for the company because of an increased consciousness in taking healthier diets by the consumers. As a consequence, there has been a drop in sales of
  • 2. the company's products attributable to the absence of sufficient realistic business and corporate strategies to solve this issue (Sogari et al., 2018). Because of this, the organization has been reworking its recipes and menu options to make them healthier. For example, the sodium content has been reduced significantly in the sauces, buns, and McNuggets, as well as in the fries. The sauces' oil content has been reduced, therefore lowering the calories in the sauces significantly (Das, 2016). However, with the rising cases of health risks and their link to the consumption of fast foods, more people are beginning to develop negative beliefs about the consumption of fast foods. Because of shifting consumer tastes and health concerns, people are paying closer attention to the foods they eat (Commetric, 2019). Excess weight, obesity, high cholesterol, and other health problems have all been linked to a diet high in fast food. Fast food restaurants are responding to these issues by adding healthier options on their menus but this is still not enough. The government and the healthcare industry have been carrying out campaigns to educate people on the need to take care of their diet and this has also increased the negative perception of fast foods among the population (Newman, 2019) . Additionally, many proponents of a healthy diet continue to "blame" the food industry for the health problems associated with diet. The rise of vegan fast foods has brought a lot of competition to traditional fast-food restaurants. Vegan fast foods exclude meat items and include vegetable and vegan products instead. Consumers consider these fast foods healthier and are slowly switching to vegan fast foods. It is clear that adding healthier options is not the only solution that will help McDonald’s address the issue of consumer consciousness in their food intake. A more innovative and technological approach is needed to address the issue. Technology integration and Components The above-mentioned problem can be addressed by developing a food ordering app that also functions as a nutrition application to help customers track their nutrition requirements
  • 3. when making orders. The software of the app will assist users in keeping track of their calorie intake even before they place their orders. Customers must provide information about their weight loss objectives, diet, and dietary preferences while downloading the application. Using this information, the app will then build a complete list of food products that are available for them to choose from. Users can then use this to place orders for nutritious items that are tailored to their dietary requirements. People who need to check their food intake for health reasons can benefit from the application, which can make their lives easier. The app will also assist consumers in locating food items that are appropriate for their dietary requirements. If a user wishes to track potential intolerances associated with specific items available in McDonald's menu, the application can be customized to generate graphs that demonstrate relationships between specific foods and how a person feels after eating them. Also to be included feedback on tactics for losing weight, altering one's relationship with food, and getting into better condition, which will be provided through the app. Solution scenario This software will be able to combine recipes, propose ingredients, and put together preferred meals all in one place, allowing a person to have a wider range of meals made with healthy ingredients. This food ordering and nutrition application will also be able to help special groups such as vegans and pregnant women make orders according to their nutritional needs. It's challenging to know what to eat while pregnant,
  • 4. especially if you're trying to keep away from certain meals or eat more nutrient-dense foods. They will be able to use this app, choose from a selection of recipes, and read customer reviews on various meal options. References Das, S. (2016). McDonald's gets health-conscious: Changing tastes trigger a change of menu at the global burger chain. Is this a sign of the times to come for fast food brands across the country? https://www.business- standard.com/article/management/mcdonald-s-gets-health- conscious-116021001129_1.html Commetric. (2019). Fast Food in the Media: The Rise of the Health-Conscious Consumer. https://commetric.com/2019/01/04/fast-food-in-the-media-the- rise-of-the-health-conscious-consumer/ Newman, K. (2019). Obesity in America: A Public Health Crisis Obesity is a public health issue that impacts more than 100 million adults and children in the U.S. https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest- communities/articles/2019-09-19/obesity-in-america-a-guide-to- the-public-health-crisis Opait, G. (2019). The McDonald’s Corporation, a “Star” in the
  • 5. “Galaxy of the Businesses”. Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle I. Economics and Applied Informatics Years XXV, (3), 1-13. Sogari, G., Velez-Argumedo, C., Gómez, M. I., & Mora, C. (2018). College students and eating habits: A study using an ecological model for healthy behavior. Nutrients, 10(12), 1823. Table of Contents Introduction2 Project Plan2 Organizational Background5 Business problems or opportunities overview6 Overview of technology solution category7 Alternative solutions and recommendations10 Performance measurement plan13
  • 6. Organizational impact15 Conclusion17 References19 Introduction The name of our company is Coral Gables (CG). CG is a city government in South Florida. CG performs functions such as the review/approval of the annual budget, establishment of tax rates, modification of the city’s charter, and regulation of public health and safety (NLC, n.d.). It has an open data portal that allows residents to evaluate and analyze datasets (e.g., budget data). The company is in desperate need of a technology solution that is compatible with its contingency/disaster recovery plan (DRP). Recently, CG has experienced a fire disaster that caused a huge data loss. The fire has cost them a
  • 7. hefty amount of time and money to rebuild/replace equipment. Both of which they cannot afford to waste, as their responsibilities as a city government rely on their ability to maintain the security and integrity of sensitive data. They now understand that they need to push forward with their plan to set up an off-site location. Specifically, a location that possesses an adequate amount of space for optimal functionality, in the event that it must be used during the aftermath of a disaster. Currently, CG is looking into a cloud-based service that will provide them with a relocation process that hosts features such as management tools, data services, and networking. CG intends to combine the chosen hyperconverged infrastructure (HCI) solution with their DRP strategy.Project Plan Contingency plans are a necessity within every organization. They help organizations develop contingency strategies that are based on considerations and solutions. For example, data backup and recovery might be a consideration. One solution for it would be interoperability; which means the backup device will need to be compatible with different operating systems and applications (Swanson et al, n.d.). A contingency plan is made up of three important components (Garcia, 2008): emergency response (focuses on people), crisis management (focuses on the decision process), business recovery/resumption (focuses on business revenue). All three usually play out in phases; when the circumstances of
  • 8. an incident or event supersede the capability/responsibilities of one team (e.g., crisis management team), it is then to be handled by the next phase. The procedures for each phase need to be well defined and documented, to lessen the risk of failure when a real event occurs. Before a contingency plan process can begin, three objectives of a risk analysis must be addressed (Toigo, 2003): · Identify business processes and their associated IT infrastructure resource requirements (that is, the data, applications, systems, and networks that are used in delivering the business process). Prioritize business processes according to time sensitivity and criticality. · Identify existing threats to business processes and infrastructure resources. · Define objectives for strategies to eliminate avoidable risks and to minimize the impact of risks that cannot be eliminated. To make the process easier, or at least more efficient, an organization must utilize and/or create categories for the contingency plans used in response to an event. What this means for organizations is that they would be prepared for risks and threats because they have a list of contingencies grouped under specific categories, from which an organization can draw in their time of need. This way the use of resources becomes more refined in terms of cost-effectiveness and time management. By using a criticality spectrum (Toigo, 2003), risk
  • 9. levels can be categorized as Critical, Vital, Sensitive, and Noncritical. Tabletop testing is a simulated exercise (with limitations) that allows a disaster recovery (DR) team to play out disaster recovery scenarios. The facilitator creates a scenario in where the team must complete their objectives by using the DR runbook, whilst they deal with constrictions. For example, a constraint might be that a database system cannot be accessed because the location of an essential device/person is cut-off or unreachable. This device/person is one step of a multi -factor authentication process. The solution to this problem might be to modify the authentication procedure and/or establish an alternate method to gain access to the database. Generally, a tabletop test would include (Herrera, 2017): · The scenario · Names of participants · MIS540 Team Project Report – Keller School of Management, 2021Prof. A. Turkey Page: 2
  • 10. · Facilitator · Leader · Department heads · Suppliers and other third parties · Note-taker · · Scope and exercise boundaries · Usually one department/location. · Assumptions about the facts surrounding the exercise · Goals and objectives of the exercise · Logistics detailing people, process, technology, or supply requirements Contingency plans work best when they allow staff and/or departments to share their expertise during the planning phase of the project. As well as permit them to make their contributions during the development phase. This way key management personnel feel that they have more of a role during the process because it will then take into consideration the matters that are unique to them. By getting, for example, department leaders more involved with the contingency plan, they take on responsibilities and thus become more accountable. Which is a good thing, because their investment in the strategy (i.e., policies, guidelines, procedures, and standards) improves the sustainability of the plan. Mind Tools (n.d.) offers advice on how to get people to buy-
  • 11. in and how to offset resistance to a contingency plan: “stress the importance of the task and the potential consequences of not having a plan in place. And, if it's within your power to do so, set people deadlines for submitting their contribution, or make it a performance review objective.” It is important that the vision of the project is comprehensible. Participants need to be able to contribute to it in some way, to give them a sense of ownership, or partnership during the realization, of that vision.Organizational Background The city Coral Gables, dubbed "The City Beautiful', was developed by George Merrick during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The city is in the Miami Metro area, located about eight miles southwest of downtown Miami. The city's architecture is almost entirely Mediterranean Revival Style and is home to the famous Biltmore Estate. Today Coral Gables is a major employment center comprised of local and international business. Coral Gables is especially desirable to businesses because of its proximity to Miami International Airport, downtown Miami, and the Port of Miami. The city sees many high-end leisure and corporate travelers and has more than 100 cafes and restaurants. As the city has grown so has government business. Coral Gables is the 61st largest city in Florida with a population of 48,4850 but has declined at a rate of -0.86% annually. Overall, the city has seen a 4.42% increase since the 2010 census.
  • 12. Business problems or opportunities overview Disasters are an ongoing threat to the operational stability of a business. It is the reality of companies today who realize that they must be able to maintain a steady flow of production before, during, and after an event occurs. If they fail to plan ahead of a particularly disruptive event, they could end up as the victim of any number of outcomes that could negatively impact them over a period of time. Immediate impacts include loss of life, loss of tax revenue, loss of PHI (Protected Health Information), disrupted supply chains, property damage (e.g., buildings, equipment, etc.), and communication failures. Most of which, if they exist too long, become long-term impacts that stay with a company throughout a significant duration of its lifespan. Unfortunately, small businesses would have a hard time surviving the aftermath of a disaster. To combat these scenarios, a business would need to develop a contingency/disaster recovery plan that is supported by a technology solution. Data backup can be the easiest and most cost-effective way for an organization to at least save and protect data that is vital to the organization. Data should be backed up on a platform that is removed from production and kept offsite and as current as possible. Businesses can back up data using tapes, cartridges, and large-capacity USB drives with integrated data backup software. Data should be backed up as frequently as an
  • 13. organization feels necessary to minimize data loss. Backups should be kept in the same secure environment as the original data. In this scenario, a business may not be able to continue right away. Depending on the type of disaster servers may have to be reloaded with a new operating system, software installed, and data restored from backup. In the worst case where equipment has been destroyed this may not be possible, but an organization will still have its data. Having your production system offsite and in the cloud offers a much better chance for an organization to recover almost immediately. This also adds greater protection from viruses or malware by separating production data from local workstations. Employees may be able to continue work remotely in a very short amount of time even if there is not a building to return to. This may require companies to invest in equipment that can be used remotely or implement a BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) policy where workers would be able to use their own device when connecting to the organization's production system. Overview of technology solution category CG is looking into a cloud-based services solution that will make the relocation process of its IT infrastructure smooth to execute, whenever necessary. It's a hyperconverged infrastructure system that combines computation, storage, networking, and cloud management into a single server-based instance. Through research, CG has discovered that Microsoft
  • 14. has been steadily advancing its services to help make the path of digital transformation easy to venture. One of those services is referred to as Azure. Azure has many features that provide users of its Azure portal with migration and recovery options. Specifically, Agrawal (2019) lists Azure Migrate and Azure Site Recovery. Figure 1. Azure Migrate Assessment Process. (Bangera, 2018). Figure 2. Azure Site Recovery Setup. (Microsoft, n.d.). Azure Migrate assists businesses that want to migrate to Azure. The service performs an assessment of the data kept onsite before migrating them to the Azure SQL Database or Managed Instance. During the assessment phase the readiness, sizing, cost, and dependencies of the environment that is to be replicated are made. Azure Site Recovery (ASR) is a Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS) that offers a method of data replication that maintains constant sync between locations (e.g., Site 1, Site 2, etc.). CG will have to download/install an ASR provider on an Azure Stack HCI OS node, which has been deployed to the servers that will be clustered. Workloads that can be replicated include both physical and virtual machines. ASR ensures that the business of, for example, CG will remain operational during a disruption (e.g., outages). In his cloud and cybersecurity blog, Nemnom (2021) applied the
  • 15. ASR strategy to a disaster recovery scenario. You duplicate machines to Azure regularly for disaster recovery. You can fail the machines over from the primary Azure site to the secondary Azure site and access them from there if there is an outage on- premises or in one of the Azure datacenters. You can failback once the primary site is operational again. The following is an overview of Microsoft Azure: · Features: · · Build websites with ASP.NET, PHP or Node.js · Deploy and run Windows Server and Linux virtual machine · Migrate applications and infrastructure · SQL Database · Caching · CDN · Virtual Network · Mobile Services · Cloud Services · Business Analytics · Hadoop · Media Services · · Technical Details: · · Devices Supported
  • 16. · Windows · Linux · Deployment · On-Premise · Language Support · English · Pricing Model · Free · Quote-based · Customer Types · Small Business · Large Enterprises · Medium BusinessAlternative solutions and recommendations Given the previously stated details of Microsoft Azure, we recommend that CG should consider two of Azure top competitors, Mule ESB (MuleSoft Anypoint Platform) and Freshservices, as alternative solutions. MuleSoft ESB is an enterprise service bus developed by MuleSoft (MuleSoft, n.d.). Its first stable release was July 22, 2019. Even though its software is java-based, it can communicate with other platforms (e.g., NET). Mule has four high availability options: Cold Standby, Warm Standby, Hot Standby – Active-Passive, and Active-Active. Freshservices is a management tool developed by Freshworks. It was founded in 2017 and is currently being used as a cloud-based SaaS.
  • 17. Freshsevice assists IT departments with the management of incidents and assets. The diagrams below represent the disaster recovery process of Mule ESB and Freshservice. Figure 3. Mule’s zero downtime deployment model. (MuleSoft, n.d.) Figure 4. Freshservice's default process for its attachments and disaster recovery (DR) bucket. (G, 2020). The following is a comparison analysis (i.e., the similarities and differences) between Mule ESB and Freshservice: Similarities: · Pricing Plans: · Free Trial · Quote-based · Features: · SLA Management/Monitoring · Supported Languages: · English · Supported Devices: · Windows and Mac.
  • 18. Differences: · Pricing Plans: · Freshservice: · Monthly Payment · Annual Subscription · Features: · Freshservice: · Automation Tools · Custom SSL · Priority Matrix · Mule ESB: · API Deployment Flexibility · Edge Gateways · Tokenization · Supported Devices: · Freshservice: · Linux, Android, iPhone/IPad, and Web-based. We recommend Freshservice. According to Finances Online (n.d.), both services have a user satisfaction score above 95%; Freshservice 97% and Mule ESB 99%. However, Freshservice has a high 9.4 SmartScore, compared to Mule ESB’s 8.5 SmartScore. Real-time analysis of user reviews suggests that Freshservice is the better option, based on three factors (G2, n.d.): · Requirements/Needs were met.
  • 19. · The platform is well-supported. · Updates/Roadmaps are better.Performance measurement plan The business impact analysis (BIA) serves as an examination of operational components; a process that works to develop plans/strategies that expose weaknesses and minimize risks. Such risks are revealed through the connections between all of the operational components of an organization. The risk itself being the reliance they may have on each other throughout its infrastructure. The BIA would help identify essential components and determine how funds should be allocated, based on the severity of the impact the failure of a component may have company-wide. Some of the areas the BIA would focus on are matters of safety, finances, marketing, business reputation, legal compliance, quality assurance, and IT resiliency (ITSMO, n.d.). During a current/ongoing disaster, the BIA would assess and put into action a recovery strategy that, per its recommendations, prioritizes crucial points of impact whilst making efficient use of both resources and time. There are four types of BIAs of note that serve as guidelines: Initial, Product and Service, Process, and Activity. Typically, the steps include (Smartsheet, n.d.): 1. Gather Information. During this phase, you would form a team and define the BIAs objectives and scope. The type of information/metrics relevant to this phase is the name of processes, users, maximum allowable downtime,
  • 20. financial/operational impact, regulatory/legal/compliance impact, and historical data. 2. Analyze Information. During this phase you would: 1. 2. Determine the Resource and Process Interdependencies 3. Identify the Resource Requirements for Optimal Operation 4. Determine the Impact of Disruption 5. Prioritize Business Functions 6. Estimate the Time and Resources Needed to Recover 7. Set Parameters 8. Identify the Vulnerabilities, Ways to Minimize Impact, and Recovery Strategies 3. 4. Document Your Findings. This phase involves the composition of the BIA report (i.e., exploratory and planning components). The BIA report includes: 1. 2. Executive summary 3. Objectives and scope 4. Description of methodologies 5. Detailed discussion of findings 6. Recommendations 7. Supporting documents 5. 6. Present Your Findings. At this point, the BIA team presents
  • 21. its findings to senior management.Organizational impact The BIA uses the information gained from interviews, descriptions, and reports to help (e.g., the CPC) assign tiers of criticality to each IT system within the organization. The criticality tier is based on the recovery time objective (RTO), as well as the feasibility of the downtime procedures that would need to become standardized over time. Standardization helps to ensure that the security policies set in place by an organization remain consistent throughout the business, as it establishes/reinforces rules (i.e., passwords must be complex and/or use a certain type of encryption to protect them) that are used during the implementation of hardware and/or software. The following is an example of how CG would assign and define their tiers of criticality (ITSMO, n.d.): · · Tier 0: CGs IT infrastructure requires multiple data centers to be able to serve production without manual intervention. · RTO: 15 minutes · Tier 1: Critical systems are needed to help make immediate decisions (e.g., for diagnostics, documentation, etc.). · RTO: 6 hours · Tier 2: Critical systems can rely on the manual operation of business processes for up to 1 day. · RTO: 24 hours · Tier 3: Critical systems can remain unavailable for at most 3
  • 22. to 5 days. · RTO: Up to 5 days · Tier 4: Critical systems are barely impacted and the functions that they provide can be manually operated until the system is available. · RTO: 30 days With cloud technology, a business's contingency plan would take into consideration essential elements such as contingency triggers, data recovery tools, and methods for data migration and restoration. And just like every organization that has gone public, they must comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). The requirements (e.g., internal/external audits, data retention, etc.) an organization will need to meet to remain compliant with SOX fits perfectly well with the benefits of a contingenc y plan (Bruno, n.d.): · · Minimize risk of loss · Avoid litigation and the courts · Time to migrate to a new solution · Satisfies governance, risk, and compliance policy · Allows focus on the vendor deliverables and benefits of SaaS As for the cloud compliance adoption, itself? Companies interested in SaaS platforms often gravitate towards cloud
  • 23. service providers who will give them access to automation tools to help them monitor their processes, as well as secure their data. However, a company may hesitate to adopt cloud compliance standards for many reasons. The top concern a company might have is the geographical location of where its data would be stored. Or to be more specific, the data protection and privacy legislation of a state and/or country. As of now, 132 (out of 194) countries have protections in place that safeguard and restrict access to private information, but how it is practiced/enforced may differ between each of them (UNCTAD, n.d.). Rodrigues (2013) stresses that it is important to understand current legislation and how it applies "to your particular company, which may vary with the states where you do business, the type of data you handle, and even the service or product you are providing, are all fundamental steps for a successful move to the cloud."Conclusion CG’s move to a cloud-based model is a necessity as opposed to their current on-premised based model. Easy data backup and disaster recovery is CG’s top priority. Within the cloud environment all server-based infrastructure is located off-site. This allows business to continue during a disaster as long as the user has an internet connection. Data redundancy is also provided by the cloud service. A strong indication that cloud computing security is more reliable than some perceive it to be is the report that over 93% of businesses that moved to the
  • 24. cloud now have better data security. Local IT will manage any security threats that occur with their local network. The clear separation from the building can provide protection to CG’s data from virus or malware attack. The cloud is flexible in providing mass storage for the organization. Aside from cutting hardware costs this also helps employees work together efficiently no matter where they are based. Access from a computer, smart phone, or tablet offers a convenience not seen while CG is hosting their own environment. This will increase productivity and ease of use across the entire organization. CG realizes cloud-based computing is the future of smart and safe business practice. References Agrawal, S. (2019, Jan 8). New Azure Migrate and Azure Site Recovery enhancements for cloud migration. Retrieved from https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/new-azure-migrate-and- azure-site-recovery-enhancements-for-cloud-migration/ Bangera, A. (2018, Dec 4). Discover and Assess with Azure Migrate. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/discover-assess-azure-migrate- ashvith-bangera/ Bruno, F. (n.d.). Contingency Planning for SaaS. Iron Mountain. Retrieved from https://www.ironmountain.com/resources/data- sheets-and-brochures/c/contingency-planning-for-saas Coral Gables. (n.d.). The City Beautiful. Retrieved from
  • 25. https://www.coralgables.com/about-coral-gables Finances Online. (n.d.). Compare Freshservice vs Mule ESB. Retrieved from https://comparisons.financesonline.com/freshservice-vs-mule- esb Garcia, M. L. (2008). Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection Systems: Contingency Planning. ScienceDirect. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social- sciences/contingency-planning G2. (n.d.). Compare Freshservice and MuleSoft Anypoint Platform. Retrieved from https://www.g2.com/compare/freshservice-vs-mulesoft- anypoint-platform G, M. (2020, Sep 3). Serving private content from S3 using CloudFront. Retrieved from https://www.freshworks.com/saas/serving-private-content-from- s3-using-cloudfront-blog/ Herrera, M. (2017, Sep 25). How to Build A Mock Disaster & Test the Recovery Plan? BC in the Cloud. Retrieved from https://bcinthecloud.com/2017/09/mock-disaster/ ITSMO. (n.d.). Business Impact Analysis (BIA). UCSF. Retrieved from https://itsm.ucsf.edu/business-impact-analysis- bia-0 Mind Tools. (n.d.). Contingency Planning: Developing a Good Plan B. Retrieved from
  • 26. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_51.htm Microsoft. (n.d.). Azure Site Recovery. Retrieved from https://azure.microsoft.com/en-au/services/site- recovery/#overview MuleSoft. (n.d.). High Availability and Disaster Recovery. Retrieved from https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule- runtime/4.3/hadr-guide#disaster-recovery Nemnom, C. (2021). Install Azure Site Recovery Provider on Azure Stack HCI OS. Retrieved from https://charbelnemnom.com/install-azure-site-recovery- provider-on-azure-stack-hci-os/ Miller, Mike. (31 Jan. 2021). Florida Back Roads Travel. Retrieved from https://www.florida-backroads-travel.com/coral- gables-florida.html Rodrigues, T. (2013, Mar 4). What US businesses should know about compliance and regulatory issues before adopting a cloud strategy. ZDNet. Retrieved from https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-us-businesses-should-know- about-compliance-and-regulatory-issues-before-adopting-a- cloud-strategy/ Smartsheet. (n.d.). All about Business Impact Analysis: A Step- by-Step How-To. Retrieved from https://www.smartsheet.com/business-impact-analysis Swanson, M., Wohl, A., Pope, L., Grance, T., hash, J., & Thomas, R. (n.d.). Contingency Planning Guide for Information
  • 27. Technology Systems. NIS Special Publication. Retrieved from http://library.ahima.org/PdfView?oid=30167 Toigo, J. W. (2003). Disaster Recovery Planning: Preparing for Unthinkable. [devry]. Retrieved from https://devry.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781256084730/ UNCTAD. (n.d.). Data Protection and Privacy Legislation Worldwide. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/Pages/DTL/STI_and_ICTs/ICT4D- Legislation/eCom-Data-Protection-Laws.aspx World Population Review. Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/coral-gables-fl- population Why Move to the Cloud? 12 Benefits of Cloud Computing in 2019. Retrieved from https://www.softwareadvisoryservice.com/en/blog/why-move- to-the-cloud-12-benefits-of-cloud-computing-in-2019/