Depression feels like being stuck in a Deep, Dark Hole with No Ladder to climb out. Mental pain is less dramatic than physical pain,but it is more common and also more hard to wear.

1. SAROJINI NAIDU GOVERNMENT GIRLS PG
(AUTONOMOUS) COLLEGE, BHOPAL
DEPRESSION
BY- VINITA TIRPUDE

2. Introduction
Definition
Types of Depression
Symptoms
Causes of Depression
Treatment
Conclusion
Consulting Doctor
References
SYNOPSIS:-

3. Depression, a common mental disorder, can stem
from a combination of genetic, biological,
environmental, and psychological factors
Globally, an estimated 5% of adults suffer from
depression.More women are affected by
depression than men.Depression can lead to
suicide.There is effective treatment for mild,
moderate and severe depression
INTRODUCTION:-

4. Depression is a mood disorder that causes a
persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in
things and activities you once enjoyed. It can also
cause difficulty with thinking, memory, eating and
sleeping.
DEFINITION:-

5. Major depressive disorder:- This is the most common
form of depression. People experience several typical
symptoms such as feeling down, exhausted, gloomy
and lacking motivation for at least two weeks. They
may also have trouble sleeping and lose their appetite.
TYPES OF DEPRESSION:-
Persistent depressive disorder (chronic depression):-
Persistent depressive disorder is a long-lasting form of
depression in which the symptoms last for more than
two years. These symptoms can then constantly be as
severe as in a depressive episode.

6. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD):- Some people are
particularly affected by depression in the dark
autumn and winter months. It is mainly caused by the
lack of light at this time of year. This kind of
depression is referred to as seasonal affective
disorder, or SAD for short. It usually goes away again
in the spring.
Postnatal depression:- Many mothers experience
inexplicable mood swings and feel down after
childbirth. In some women, these “baby blues” turn
into what is referred to as postnatal or postpartum
depression.

7. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD):- Some women
develop symptoms of depression in the second half of
their menstrual cycle that then improve when their period
starts. They experience extreme mood swings ranging
from irritated and impulsive to very sad and down. It is
also common to feel tired and to have difficulty
concentrating. There might be premenstrual symptoms as
well, such as abdominal cramps or breast tenderness.
Bipolar disorder:- Depression is sometimes part of a
condition known as bipolar disorder or manic
depression. People who have bipolar disorder
experience alternating phases involving extreme mood
swings.

8.  Little interest or pleasure in doing things
 Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
 Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much
 Feeling tired or having little energy
 Poor appetite or overeating
 Feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or
have let yourself or your family down
 Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the
newspaper or watching television
 Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have
noticedOr the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that
you have been moving around a lot more than usual
 Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting
SYMPTOMS:-

10. Genetics:- A family history of depression can increase
an individual's risk, suggesting a genetic
predisposition.
Brain Chemistry:- Imbalances in neurotransmitters like
serotonin and dopamine are believed to play a role in
mood regulation and depression.
Medical Conditions:- Certain illnesses like chronic
pain, diabetes, heart disease, and neurological
disorders can be associated with higher rates of
depression.
CAUSES OF DEPRESSION:-
1. Biological Factors:-

11. 2. Psychological Factors:-
Negative Thinking Patterns:- Individuals who tend to
blame themselves for negative events, dwell on
negative thoughts, or have a pessimistic outlook may
be more vulnerable to depression.
Personality Traits:- High levels of neuroticism
(tendency towards anxiety, worry, and negative
emotions) and low levels of extraversion (social
withdrawal and isolation) are linked to depression.

12. 3. Social and Environmental Factors:-
Stressful Life Events:- Traumatic experiences, loss of loved
ones, relationship problems, financial difficulties, and social
isolation can be triggers for depression.
Social Support:- A lack of strong social support can increase
vulnerability to depression.
Adverse Childhood Experiences:- Exposure to violence,
neglect, abuse, or poverty during childhood can significantly
increase the risk of developing depression later in life.
Substance Abuse:- Excessive alcohol or drug use can worsen
depression or even trigger it.

13. 4. Other Factors:-
Medications:- Some medications can have
depression as a side effect.
Incomplete Recovery: Stopping depression
treatment too soon can lead to a relapse or
incomplete recovery.
Drug and alcohol use can lead to depression.
Many people with depression also have drug and
alcohol problems

14. Psychotherapy:- Psychotherapy (talk therapy)
involves talking with a mental health professional.
Your therapist helps you identify and change
unhealthy emotions, thoughts and behaviors. There
are many types of psychotherapy — cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most common.
Sometimes, brief therapy is all you need. Other
people continue therapy for several months or years
Treatment:-

15. Medication:- Prescription medicine called
antidepressants can help change the brain chemistry
that causes depression.
People with mild depression or ongoing symptoms can
improve their well-being with therapies such as
acupuncture, massage, hypnosis and biofeedback.Brain
stimulation therapy: Brain stimulation therapy can help
people who have severe depression or depression with
psychosis.
Complementary medicine:-

16. Types of brain stimulation therapy include
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).
There are also things you can do at home to help
improve depression symptoms, including:-
Getting regular exercise.
Getting quality sleep (not too little or too much).
Eating a healthy diet.Avoiding alcohol, which is a
depressant.
Spending time with people you care about.

17. CONCLUSION:-
Depression is a serious, chronic medical condition that
can affect every aspect of a person’s life. When it causes
suicidal thoughts, it can be fatal.
CONSULTING DOCTOR:-
Dr. Mitali Soni Loya A leading psychiatrist in Bhopal, Dr.
Mitali Soni Loya has experience in providing expert care
for anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and stress. Her
personalized and compassionate approach ensures
patients receive the support they need to achieve mental
well-being.

18. Location: Dr Mitali Soni Loya’s Psychiatry & De-
Addiction Clinic, 10 Ramanand Nagar Near Lalghati
Square, Bhopal, M.P. - 462023, Appointments: Book
Here📞 Contact: +91 88174 75079
REFERENCES:-
https//my.clevelandclinic.org/health/dis.
ease
https//www.britannica.com/science/
depression
https//www.healthdirect.gov.au/
depression&ved

19. THANK YOU