IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The induction motors are indispensable motor types for industrial applications due to its wellknown advantages. Therefore, many kind of control scheme are proposed for induction motors over the past years and direct torque control has gained great importance inside of them due to fast dynamic torque response behavior and simple control structure. This paper suggests a new approach on the direct torque controlled induction motors, Fuzzy logic based space vector
modulation, to overcome disadvantages of conventional direct torque control like high torque ripple. In the proposed approach, optimum switching states are calculated by fuzzy logic
controller and applied by space vector pulse width modulator to voltage source inverter. In order to test and compare the proposed DTC scheme with conventional DTC scheme
simulations, in Matlab/Simulink, have been carried out in different speed and load conditions. The simulation results showed that a significant improvement in the dynamic torque and speed responses when compared to the conventional DTC scheme.
Reconfigurable CORDIC Low-Power Implementation of Complex Signal Processing f...Editor IJMTER
In recent years, CORDIC algorithms has been used extensively for various image processing
system& biomedical applications. By using CORDIC algorithm we can able to reducing the number of
iteration to process the image in the system. Low power design is to be challenging process during system
operations. Previous approaches scope to minimize the power consumption without image quality
consideration. In this paper CORDIC Based Low Power DCT iterations process equally based upon their
image quality. An hardware implementation of ROM & control logic circuit to require large hardware
space in this system. Look-ahead CORDIC Approach is used to finish the iteration at one time. When
reducing hardware area & reducing number of iterations for maximize battery lifetime. This idea used to
achieve the low power design of image and video compression application
Explicit model predictive control of fast dynamic systemeSAT Journals
Abstract Explicit Model Predictive Control approach provides offline computation of the optimization law by Multi Parametric Quadratic Programming. The solution is Piece wise affine in nature. It is explicit representation of the system states and control inputs. Such law then can be solved using binary search tree and can be evaluated for fast dynamic systems. Implementing such controllers can be done on microcontroller or ASIC/FPGA. DC Motor Speed Control - one of the benchmark systems is discussed here in this context. Its PWA law obtained, simulation of closed loop e-MPC is presented and its implementation approach using MPT toolbox and other such toolboxes is shown in brief. Index Terms: Model Predictive Control, explicit, Piece-wise Affine, and Multi Parametric Toolbox
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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The communication in safety-critical networked systems, disregarding usage areas, has to meet stringent reliability and timeliness requirements (colloquially known as deterministic requirements). The fake news can affect even the safety-critical networked systems; the networked systems used in safety-critical areas are usually dynamic. The on-fly addition of components and traffic increases the vulnerability of the networked system exposing it to cyber-attacks. Example of these attacks are: denial of service, Fake-Data Injection (FDI) and replay.
The goal of this paper is to determine an FDI-tolerant communication architecture. For this work, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is chosen as communication protocol. TSN is a set of IEEE 802.1 standards and amendments that extend Ethernet for providing deterministic requirements on most of the safety-critical areas. The general applicability of TSN means that multiple mechanisms must be combined in order to address the requirements of an area. Therefore, the determination of an FDI-tolerant TSN-based architecture means to select the sub-set of TSN mechanisms that preserves the determinism even in the presence of faulty traffic. For evaluating the deterministic requirements on different TSN-based architectures, it is used the network simulation tool OM-NeT++ adapted for TSN.
An introductory talk to introduce you to Time Series Analysis. We will start with an introduction to time series analysis along with its properties. Going a step further, we will discuss the various components of a time series with various decomposition techniques. We will then explore ARIMA family of models and discuss how they are used in real world. All of the above will be accompanied with Demos to help us understand the concept better.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The induction motors are indispensable motor types for industrial applications due to its wellknown advantages. Therefore, many kind of control scheme are proposed for induction motors over the past years and direct torque control has gained great importance inside of them due to fast dynamic torque response behavior and simple control structure. This paper suggests a new approach on the direct torque controlled induction motors, Fuzzy logic based space vector
modulation, to overcome disadvantages of conventional direct torque control like high torque ripple. In the proposed approach, optimum switching states are calculated by fuzzy logic
controller and applied by space vector pulse width modulator to voltage source inverter. In order to test and compare the proposed DTC scheme with conventional DTC scheme
simulations, in Matlab/Simulink, have been carried out in different speed and load conditions. The simulation results showed that a significant improvement in the dynamic torque and speed responses when compared to the conventional DTC scheme.
Reconfigurable CORDIC Low-Power Implementation of Complex Signal Processing f...Editor IJMTER
In recent years, CORDIC algorithms has been used extensively for various image processing
system& biomedical applications. By using CORDIC algorithm we can able to reducing the number of
iteration to process the image in the system. Low power design is to be challenging process during system
operations. Previous approaches scope to minimize the power consumption without image quality
consideration. In this paper CORDIC Based Low Power DCT iterations process equally based upon their
image quality. An hardware implementation of ROM & control logic circuit to require large hardware
space in this system. Look-ahead CORDIC Approach is used to finish the iteration at one time. When
reducing hardware area & reducing number of iterations for maximize battery lifetime. This idea used to
achieve the low power design of image and video compression application
Explicit model predictive control of fast dynamic systemeSAT Journals
Abstract Explicit Model Predictive Control approach provides offline computation of the optimization law by Multi Parametric Quadratic Programming. The solution is Piece wise affine in nature. It is explicit representation of the system states and control inputs. Such law then can be solved using binary search tree and can be evaluated for fast dynamic systems. Implementing such controllers can be done on microcontroller or ASIC/FPGA. DC Motor Speed Control - one of the benchmark systems is discussed here in this context. Its PWA law obtained, simulation of closed loop e-MPC is presented and its implementation approach using MPT toolbox and other such toolboxes is shown in brief. Index Terms: Model Predictive Control, explicit, Piece-wise Affine, and Multi Parametric Toolbox
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Selection of FDI-Tolerant Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)-Based ArchitectureVoica Gavrilut
The communication in safety-critical networked systems, disregarding usage areas, has to meet stringent reliability and timeliness requirements (colloquially known as deterministic requirements). The fake news can affect even the safety-critical networked systems; the networked systems used in safety-critical areas are usually dynamic. The on-fly addition of components and traffic increases the vulnerability of the networked system exposing it to cyber-attacks. Example of these attacks are: denial of service, Fake-Data Injection (FDI) and replay.
The goal of this paper is to determine an FDI-tolerant communication architecture. For this work, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is chosen as communication protocol. TSN is a set of IEEE 802.1 standards and amendments that extend Ethernet for providing deterministic requirements on most of the safety-critical areas. The general applicability of TSN means that multiple mechanisms must be combined in order to address the requirements of an area. Therefore, the determination of an FDI-tolerant TSN-based architecture means to select the sub-set of TSN mechanisms that preserves the determinism even in the presence of faulty traffic. For evaluating the deterministic requirements on different TSN-based architectures, it is used the network simulation tool OM-NeT++ adapted for TSN.
An introductory talk to introduce you to Time Series Analysis. We will start with an introduction to time series analysis along with its properties. Going a step further, we will discuss the various components of a time series with various decomposition techniques. We will then explore ARIMA family of models and discuss how they are used in real world. All of the above will be accompanied with Demos to help us understand the concept better.
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Delays and counter.pptx
1. Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree
Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh)
Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
MICROPROCESSOR
CS-304
DELAYS AND COUNTERS
2. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Topics We’ll Cover
• Counters and Time Delays
• Hexadecimal Counters
• Modulo Ten Counter
• Generating Pulse Waveform
• Debugging Counters and Time
Delay Programs
CS-604
3. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Introduction
⚫ This chapter deals with designing of counters and time
delays through software programming.
⚫ Counter and time delays are important technique. They
are commonly used in designing of traffic signals,
digital clocks, setting up reasonably accurate timing
between two events.
4. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Counters
⚫ Designing a counter: A counter is
determined by loading an appropriate
count in the register.
⚫ A loop is setup to decrement the count
(down-counter) and increment the count
for (up- counter) when an event occurs.
5. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Time -Delays
⚫ The procedure for designing a time delay is
same as counter.
⚫ A number is loaded in the register, depending
upon the delay required .
⚫ The register is decremented until count is not
equal to zero by setting a loop.
⚫ A conditional jump is executed when the count
is equal to zero.
⚫ The loop causes delay depending upon the
clock period of the system and number of
instructions.
6. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Time Delay Using One Register
7. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Calculating Time Delays
⚫ Assume clock frequency of system =2MHz.
⚫ So Clock period = 0.5 microsecond.
⚫ Time to execute the MVI instructions=
7 x0.5=3.5µs
⚫ Time Delay in loop= (Clock period x Total
T states in loop x initial count in decimal).
⚫ Time delay =(0.5 x 10-6x 14 x 255)=1785µs
+3.5µs.
8. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
⚫ T states of JNZ instruction is shown as 10/7.
⚫ JNZ instruction requires 10 T-states when
loop executes.
⚫ JNZ instruction requires 7-states when loop
fails to execute.
⚫ Loop runs for 255 times and at the last cycle
JNZ executes in 7 T states.
So Time Delay = (1788.5-3x0.5) µs
= 1787 µs.
9. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Time Delay Using Register Pair
2384 H=16x16x16x2+16x16x3+16x8+4x1=9092
Total Delay =24 x 9092 x 0.5x10-6
=109 ms
10. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Flowchart for
Hexadecimal
counter
11. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Generating Pulse Waveform
⚫ PROBLEM ANALYSIS
In this problem, the period of the square wave is 500
us•, therefore, the pulse should be on (logic l) for 250
uS and off (logic 0) for the remaining 250 Its. The
alternate pattern of 0/l bits can be provided by
loading the accumulator with the number AAH (1010
1010) and rotating the pattern once through each
delay loop. Bit Do of the output port is used to
provide logic 0 and l; therefore, all other bits can be
masked by ANDing the accumulator with the byte 01
H. The delay of 250 us can be very easily obtained
with an 8-bit delay count and one register.
12. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Pro
gra
m
13. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Program Description
Register D is loaded with the bit pattern AAH (1010 1010), and the bit
pattern is moved into the accumulator. The bit pattern is rotated left once
and saved again in register D. The accumulator contents must be saved
because the accumulator is used later in the program. The next instruction,
ANI, ANDs (A) to mask all but bit Do, as illustrated below.
14. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
⚫ Delay Calculations In this problem, the pulse
width is relatively small (250 us); therefore, to
obtain a reasonably accurate output pulse
width, we should account for all the T-states.
The total delay should include the delay in the
loop and the execution time of theinstructions
outside the loop.
15. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
1. The number of instructions outside the loop is seven; it includes
six instructions before the loop beginning at the symbol ROTATE
and the last instruction JMP.
Delay outside the Loop: To = 46 T-states x 325 ns — 14.95 us
2. The delay loop includes two instructions (DCR and JNZ) with 14
T-states except for the last cycle, which has II T-states.
Loop Delay: TL = 14 T-states x 325 ns x (Count - l) + 11 T-states x
325 ns
= 4.5 us (Count- l) + 3.575
3. The total delay required is 250 ps. Therefore, the count can be
calculated as follows:
250us - 14.95us +4.5us (Count - 1) + 3.575us
Count =52.410 = 34H
16. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
Debugging Counter & Time Delay Programs
⚫ Errors in counting T-states in a delay loop. Typically, the
first instruction—to load a delay register—is mistakenly
included in the loop.
⚫ Errors in recognizing how many times a loop is repeated.
⚫ Failure to convert a delay count from a decimal number
into its hexadecimal equivalent.
⚫ Conversion error in converting a delay count from
decimal to hexadecimal number or vice versa.
⚫ Specifying a wrong Jump location.
⚫ Failure to set a flag, especially with 16-bit
Decrement/lncrement instructions.
⚫ Using a wrong Jump instruction.
⚫ Failure to display either the first or the last count.
⚫ Failure to provide a delay between the last and the last-
but-one count.
17. Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology (CCET -Degree Wing)
(A Govt. College under Chandigarh UT Administration, Chandigarh) ,Sector-26, Chandigarh - 160019
THANK YOU!
Any Queries?
CS-604