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- 1. Rolls-RoyceDefence | ©2018 Commercial-in-Confidence No Export Controlclassification Naval Propulsion – The 21st Century and Beyond Facilitating the needs of future surface combatants Simon O’Connor BEng MIMarEst Principal Marine Engineer © Rolls-Royce plc 2018. The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce plc and may not be copied, communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied, without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce plc. While the information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce plc, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce plc or any of its subsidiary or associated companies.
- 2. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification Agenda 2 Introduction 01 02 Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion 03 04 Single GT Hybrid – an Enabler for Future Proofing 05 Next Generation Large Surface Combatants Conclusions
- 3. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification3 Introduction Propulsion System Expertise - Worldwide Equipment in 70 navies Concept studies for 30+ navies Cost versus capability Mechanical, all-electric and hybrid Objective and unbiased due to expansive portfolio
- 4. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification4 Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion 1980s – Mechanical systems featuring medium power gas turbines and locomotive derived diesel engines • Good efficiency at design point • Diesel engines elevated acoustic signature for during Anti- Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations 1990s – Hybrid systems such as the UK RN Type 23 introduced power electronics and increased automation • Reduced through-life costs due to combining system running hours for power generation and propulsion • Increased efficiency for cruise than diesels and offered excellent ASW performance • Compromised by low power legacy GTs (RR Spey, GE LM2500) – Twin GT CODLAG installation necessary despite drivers for lower cost 2000s – All electric vessels the next logical step for large surface combatants. Increasing electrical loads led to the ‘power station’ concept • Hybrid was seen as a big success – with increasing load demand next step was to electrify everything • Lower overall system running hours and improved efficiency e.g. T45, DDG1000, QEC2000’s 1990’s 1980’s e.g. Karel Doorman, F123, Lupo Class Historical Trends in GT-Powered Propulsion
- 5. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification5 Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion 2000’s 1 2 3 4 • Twin GT COmbined Diesel eLectric And Gas (CODLAG) – hybrid • Diesel-electric for low noise Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations and cruise up to 15 knots • CODLAG for 28+ knots • Low noise for ASW 1. Fixed pitch propellers 2. Propulsion motors only 3. De-clutching gearbox 4. Enclosed and isolated diesel generators Type 23 Frigate 4
- 6. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification6 Lower Life Cycle Costs (LCC) • More affordable / supportable • Lower initial cost Higher system efficiency • Better use of prime movers; lower fuel burn and maintenance Lower reliance on crew for maintenance • Lean manned vessel • Lower trained, cheaper maintainers More adaptable to support mission-system upgrades • Longer ship life • Greater overall affordability Overview & Trends in Power & Propulsion Modern Day Requirements
- 7. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification7 Single GT Hybrid – an Enabler for Future Proofing 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 %timeperannum Deliveredpower(KWe) Knots ESTIMATED Power-Speed curve ASW profile (Generic) AAW profile (D32) ESTIMATED Power vs Speed curve, with AAW & ASW operating profiles• Single GT COmbined Diesel eLectric Or Gas (CODLOG) – hybrid • High-end ASW performance (ultra-low underwater noise) • Adaptable and futureproof via design margins, with ‘Or’ arrangement • Sufficient survivability • Great match to operating profile: low whole life cost and range Type 26 FFX-II & III FREMM F110 SQ2020 F125 Diesel Generators Propulsion Motors Cross- Connect gearbox GT 21st Century Technology
- 8. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification8 Designated Emergency / Salvage DGs ~10m Spacesaving Experience in Europe and Asia with single-GT hybrid; • P&P system configured over four relatively short machinery spaces • Acceptable survivability via separation • SCR on Diesel-Gensets only (no main diesel) • Releasing space for mission systems • Shorter LOA Single GT Hybrid – an Enabler for Future Proofing Optimisation of Space – or Reduced Vessel Length
- 9. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification9 Next Generation Large Surface Combatants Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), Admiral John Richardson United States Navy 2018, Defense News “ Buy as much power as you can afford because it’s like RAM on your computer, you’re going to need more as soon as you buy it. ”
- 10. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification10 Next Generation Large Surface Combatants 1990’s 2000’s 2010 2018 1st Gen 0.5 Gen 1.5 Gen Albion Class and Wave Class ships • Medium speed diesel generator based IFEP system • Commercially available equipment – including propulsion motor Type 45 Destroyer • First fully navalised IFEP system in combatant class vessel • Incorporated many new technologies optimised around efficiency Queen Elizabeth Aircraft Carrier • Leveraged electric propulsion equipment from T45 • Benefitted substantially from the T45 experiences • Result: larger, more robust power system IFEP - the Journey So Far Integrated Full Electric Propulsion
- 11. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification11 Next Generation Large Surface Combatants On board load composition • Ratio between on board electrical power and propulsion power converging • Next generation weapons and sensors drive electrical power requirements • Becomes more efficient to integrate power generation when the ‘sweet spot’ is hit ? IFEP – the Rationale
- 12. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification12 Next Generation Large Surface Combatants Technology requirements of future surface combatants: • Higher power hotel and sensor loads • Electromagnetic and directed energy weapons • Energy storage: • Robustness • Pulse load handling • ASW • Engine life management • Power density Fiscal requirements for future surface combatants: • Efficiency • Cost effectiveness • Maintenance • Enable multi-mission flexibility / adaptability The challenges for 2nd Generation IFEP
- 13. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification13 Next Generation Large Surface Combatants Performance and through life cost: • Variable speed generation • Optimised fuel burn • Optimised maintenance • Improved response to transient load demand • Reduce conductor cross-section • Reduced transmission losses Supplement SGO with ESD: • Offering efficiency whilst offering blackout prevention • Spinning reserve requirement satisfied without burning fuel Ease of energy storage integration: • Sits on DC bus or DC link • Enables silent running, blackout prevention, pulse loads etc. • Easily distributed across the vessel Can MV DC be the answer?
- 14. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification14 Conclusions Power and propulsion must be designed around modern arrangements and equipment • Electrical power generation is a strategic resource • Thinking about technology insertion through-life, system growth – margins are essential! • Avoid obsolescence – naval procurement programmes may extend beyond ten years • Military relevance must be maintained – the P&P system is at the core of this Next generation large surface combatants will likely feature IFEP • More robust power system design • Integration of energy storage • Facilitating high energy / directed energy weapons • Enabling variable speed prime mover operation Staying Ahead of the Curve
- 15. Rolls-RoyceDefence| © 2018Rolls-Royce No Export Controlclassification