Definitions of ‘’the news’’
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This document defines news and news values. It states that news informs people of current events but must be made into interesting stories. Good news stories are based on other people's experiences. All news is shaped by those who package it. Television news needs visuals and eyewitness accounts. News is about people and their stories. It then outlines several news values that media use to determine story prominence, including impact, controversy, prominence of individuals involved, timeliness, proximity, currency, novelty, and magnitude of an event. Examples are provided for each value.
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News Agencies
The news agencies, also known as wire services, are among the most powerful and trusted names in news business. Some of them like Reuters have been in existence since the nineteenth century.
However, few are aware of their reach or existence. They do not own physical properties such as newspapers or television channels. But they generate news for all forms of media. Their subscribers include newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television networks and now news sites.
Reporting
Reporting involves gathering facts through research and interviews, assembling them into a story, fact-checking and editing, and then publishing. There are many types of reporting including general, political, environmental, religious, speech, cultural, sports, parliament, court/crime, war, and investigative reporting. Each type requires specific skills and focuses on different subject matters or events.
history of indian Journalism
This document provides a history of journalism in India. It discusses how James Augustus Hickey published the first newspaper in India called the Bengal Gazette in 1780. It also discusses other pioneering journalists and newspapers in India such as William Bolts, the India Gazette, and James Silk Buckingham who is considered the father of Indian journalism. The document also outlines the different types of journalism that developed over time in India as well as the evolution of journalism from the medieval period through the colonial period under British rule.
News source
This document discusses the importance of sources in journalism and provides guidance on working with different types of sources. It notes that sources provide timely information to reporters and are essential to creating reports. However, reporters must be careful in protecting source identities and maintaining objectivity. The document cautions about types of unreliable sources like liars seeking publicity, hoaxsters spreading misinformation, and promoters pushing agendas. It advises reporters to verify information from multiple sources and be skeptical of leaks and online information. Finally, it outlines different types of sources reporters may use, including other reporters, primary witnesses, documents, and secondary sources like police, while being wary of anonymous tips.
News values
News values are general guidelines used by media outlets to determine how prominently to report a story. There are eight main news values: (1) timeliness - recent events are prioritized; (2) proximity - local stories rank higher; (3) impact - stories affecting many people are prioritized; (4) controversy - debates and opposing viewpoints increase interest; (5) magnitude - significance in scale or potential impact; (6) prominence - involvement of famous individuals; (7) currency - stories people are currently discussing; and (8) oddity/novelty - unusual events capture attention. Media outlets use these criteria to evaluate newsworthiness.
Investigative journalism
Investigative journalism involves in-depth reporting on important topics through a journalist's own initiative and work. It typically requires extensive research to uncover information that powerful interests want kept secret. Investigative journalism serves the important role of helping the public understand complex issues and holding those in power accountable. While new technologies have created opportunities for investigative reporting, they have also introduced new challenges around ensuring access to reliable information.
Beat reporting
This document provides guidance for beat reporters on how to effectively cover specific areas or "beats" on a regular basis. It defines what a beat is and lists common beats such as government, education, police, and business. The document advises reporters to be familiar with the background of their beat, know the relevant language, ask the right questions, recognize newsworthy information, and write understandable stories. It also provides tips for beat reporters such as doing regular follow-up coverage, building relationships with sources, asking clarifying questions, and getting out of the office to observe events firsthand. The overall document offers practical strategies for beat reporters to cultivate news on their assigned area and communicate information clearly to readers.
Indian press
The document discusses the evolution of the Indian press. It notes that the first printed book in India was in 1557 and the first newspaper was established in 1776 by William Bolts. However, the first Indian English newspaper was James Augustus Hicky's Bengal Gazette, published in 1780. Hicky is considered the "Father of Indian Journalism". His newspaper faced opposition from the British administration and was suppressed in 1782. Several other newspapers were established in the late 18th century in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras, but faced censorship and restrictions from the British authorities.
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The news agencies, also known as wire services, are among the most powerful and trusted names in news business. Some of them like Reuters have been in existence since the nineteenth century.
However, few are aware of their reach or existence. They do not own physical properties such as newspapers or television channels. But they generate news for all forms of media. Their subscribers include newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television networks and now news sites.
Reporting
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history of indian Journalism
This document provides a history of journalism in India. It discusses how James Augustus Hickey published the first newspaper in India called the Bengal Gazette in 1780. It also discusses other pioneering journalists and newspapers in India such as William Bolts, the India Gazette, and James Silk Buckingham who is considered the father of Indian journalism. The document also outlines the different types of journalism that developed over time in India as well as the evolution of journalism from the medieval period through the colonial period under British rule.
News source
This document discusses the importance of sources in journalism and provides guidance on working with different types of sources. It notes that sources provide timely information to reporters and are essential to creating reports. However, reporters must be careful in protecting source identities and maintaining objectivity. The document cautions about types of unreliable sources like liars seeking publicity, hoaxsters spreading misinformation, and promoters pushing agendas. It advises reporters to verify information from multiple sources and be skeptical of leaks and online information. Finally, it outlines different types of sources reporters may use, including other reporters, primary witnesses, documents, and secondary sources like police, while being wary of anonymous tips.
News values
News values are general guidelines used by media outlets to determine how prominently to report a story. There are eight main news values: (1) timeliness - recent events are prioritized; (2) proximity - local stories rank higher; (3) impact - stories affecting many people are prioritized; (4) controversy - debates and opposing viewpoints increase interest; (5) magnitude - significance in scale or potential impact; (6) prominence - involvement of famous individuals; (7) currency - stories people are currently discussing; and (8) oddity/novelty - unusual events capture attention. Media outlets use these criteria to evaluate newsworthiness.
Investigative journalism
Investigative journalism involves in-depth reporting on important topics through a journalist's own initiative and work. It typically requires extensive research to uncover information that powerful interests want kept secret. Investigative journalism serves the important role of helping the public understand complex issues and holding those in power accountable. While new technologies have created opportunities for investigative reporting, they have also introduced new challenges around ensuring access to reliable information.
Beat reporting
This document provides guidance for beat reporters on how to effectively cover specific areas or "beats" on a regular basis. It defines what a beat is and lists common beats such as government, education, police, and business. The document advises reporters to be familiar with the background of their beat, know the relevant language, ask the right questions, recognize newsworthy information, and write understandable stories. It also provides tips for beat reporters such as doing regular follow-up coverage, building relationships with sources, asking clarifying questions, and getting out of the office to observe events firsthand. The overall document offers practical strategies for beat reporters to cultivate news on their assigned area and communicate information clearly to readers.
Indian press
The document discusses the evolution of the Indian press. It notes that the first printed book in India was in 1557 and the first newspaper was established in 1776 by William Bolts. However, the first Indian English newspaper was James Augustus Hicky's Bengal Gazette, published in 1780. Hicky is considered the "Father of Indian Journalism". His newspaper faced opposition from the British administration and was suppressed in 1782. Several other newspapers were established in the late 18th century in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras, but faced censorship and restrictions from the British authorities.
International news agencies
The document discusses various national news agencies of Pakistan and other countries. It provides details on 8 major national news agencies of Pakistan - Associated Press of Pakistan (APP), Pakistan Press International (PPI), Independent News Pakistan (INP), South Asian Broadcasting Agency (SABAH), News Network International (NNI), Asia News Network (ANN), Online International News Network (OINN), and Associated Press Service (APS). It also briefly describes 10 prominent national news agencies from other countries such as PTI from India, WAM from UAE, Bernama from Malaysia, Xinhua from China, UPI from US, Sputnik from Russia, IRNA from Iran, SANA from Syria, SPA from Saudi Arabia,
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Investigative journalism uncovers information that others try to hide through in-depth investigation of issues. Reporters dig deep using various resources like interviews and public records to expose wrongdoing and spark change. Examples include the Watergate scandal uncovered by Woodward and Bernstein, the Panama Papers leak of offshore accounts, and investigative reports in India on issues like the Rafale deal, Bofors scandal, and Nira Radia tapes. Investigative journalism focuses on serious issues, takes months to get to the truth, and holds people accountable through fact-based reporting.
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Official WebSite:- https://www.topfreejobalert.com
Words ‘Journal’ , ‘Journalism’, Journalist’ have their origin in the French word ‘journal’ meaning a book and it has it’s origin in turn in the Roman word ‘ diurnalis’ meaning daily.
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This document provides guidance on how to write a script for a news package. It explains that the script should be written after gathering audio and video interviews and B-roll footage to tell the story. The script separates elements into two columns for video and audio and includes sound bytes, voiceovers, and natural sound to weave the story together cohesively. Tips are given to choose compelling sound bytes, write natural-sounding voiceovers, and notate timing references to aid the editor. The overall goal is to craft a script that is easy for the editor to follow in transforming it into a polished news package.
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Organizational Structure of a News Paper
This document provides an overview of the organizational structure of a typical newspaper. It outlines the main departments including editorial, advertising, circulation, printing, administrative, accounting, stores, IT, and internet departments. The editorial department is responsible for collecting, selecting, editing and interpreting news. The advertising department handles advertising sales and publications. The circulation department sells and distributes the newspaper. The printing department manages printing processes. Other departments focus on administration, accounting, supplies, technology, and online presence. Larger newspapers may have additional departments for legal, personnel, and public relations functions.
Characteristics of radio news show
This document provides guidelines for writing effective radio news features. It discusses that radio news features should have:
1) A well-researched topic that is of interest to the intended audience.
2) An introduction that hooks the listener with a brief overview of the story.
3) A main body that covers the essential details of who, what, when, where, why and how in a clear narrative.
4) Quotes and interviews from relevant individuals to support the story.
5) A conversational writing style that is easy for a radio announcer to deliver.
6) Attention to tone that is appropriate for the topic and engages the audience.
7) A
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This document discusses mass communication, journalism, and yellow journalism. It defines journalism as writing for newspapers and magazines, which involves collecting and disseminating information. Yellow journalism uses sensational headlines and exaggerates facts to attract readers. It provides the example of Pulitzer and Hearst popularizing yellow journalism in the 1890s. The document concludes that while journalism should report truth, some current media engages in yellow journalism by spreading rumors and being biased toward the government.
Subeditor
The quality of a newspaper depends upon the skills, abilities and knowledge of its Sub Editors, also known as the Copy Editors. This slide outlines the role and responsibilities of Sub Editors/Copy Editors in newspapers.
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The document describes the hourglass structure for writing news articles. It has three parts: (1) The Top, which summarizes the key details in 4-6 paragraphs; (2) The Turn, a transitional phrase indicating an upcoming narrative; and (3) The Narrative, which tells the story chronologically. An example news article is provided and analyzed in terms of how it follows the hourglass structure. The Top provides the necessary details, the Turn signals a shift to narrative, and the Narrative tells the story through quotes and chronological events. The hourglass structure provides both essential news details and a complete narrative form for readers.
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Journalism involves gathering, writing, and editing news and information for distribution through various media like newspapers, television and online platforms. It is considered an important profession as it informs citizens about their community, nation and world, and acts as a watchdog on those in power while also facilitating discussion, education and entertainment. Journalism aims to achieve accuracy, independence, fairness and transparency in fulfilling its professional responsibilities.
Newsroom structure
This document describes the various sections and roles within a newspaper organization. It notes that the newsroom is the most important section, as it is responsible for preparing the newspaper. The newsroom has two main sections: reporting, where reporters gather news, and subbing, where sub-editors layout the news. It also describes the roles of the news editor, shift supervisors, proofreaders, and press staff who print and distribute the finished newspaper.
News agencies
News agencies are organizations of journalists that supply news reports to various media outlets like newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. The major news agencies include Associated Press, Reuters, and Agence France-Presse, which have extensive global networks of correspondents and resources to report news from around the world. While individual media organizations have their own reporting staff, they rely heavily on news agencies for international and foreign news coverage given the agencies' ability to provide near instantaneous distribution of news from anywhere in the world.
News values media
The document discusses various news values that influence what stories local newspapers choose to cover, including immediacy, familiarity, amplitude, frequency, unambiguity, predictability, surprise, continuity, elite nations or people, personalization, negativity, exclusivity, visual impact, and balance. Local papers prioritize news that is very recent, relates directly to the community, involves many people, occurs regularly or annually, is clear and unambiguous, is expected or predictable, is unexpected or surprising, has ongoing developments, relates to important countries or people, has a personal human interest angle, is negative or "bad news," can exclusively be reported on, has strong images, and achieves a balanced perspective.
News basics
The document discusses what constitutes news and factors that determine newsworthiness. It notes that news must be factual, timely, interesting to readers, involve prominent people or events, have human impact, and include conflict or drama. It also distinguishes between "hard news" about important issues and "soft news" that entertains. Additionally, it discusses how different audiences and media outlets have varying views on what is considered news.
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The document discusses various national news agencies of Pakistan and other countries. It provides details on 8 major national news agencies of Pakistan - Associated Press of Pakistan (APP), Pakistan Press International (PPI), Independent News Pakistan (INP), South Asian Broadcasting Agency (SABAH), News Network International (NNI), Asia News Network (ANN), Online International News Network (OINN), and Associated Press Service (APS). It also briefly describes 10 prominent national news agencies from other countries such as PTI from India, WAM from UAE, Bernama from Malaysia, Xinhua from China, UPI from US, Sputnik from Russia, IRNA from Iran, SANA from Syria, SPA from Saudi Arabia,
Ethics In Journalism
This document discusses ethics in journalism. It covers minimizing harm, acknowledging personal responsibility, reviewing ethical dilemmas, and ethics in digital journalism. It defines ethics and discusses the importance of truth-seeking, respecting the law and ethics, and being professional, accountable, and independent. It provides questions journalists should consider regarding sources and decisions. It outlines some basic rules like not making things up, avoiding conflicts of interest, being fair and neutral, identifying yourself, and admitting mistakes. It also discusses evaluating online sources and media.
Investigative Journalism
Investigative journalism uncovers information that others try to hide through in-depth investigation of issues. Reporters dig deep using various resources like interviews and public records to expose wrongdoing and spark change. Examples include the Watergate scandal uncovered by Woodward and Bernstein, the Panama Papers leak of offshore accounts, and investigative reports in India on issues like the Rafale deal, Bofors scandal, and Nira Radia tapes. Investigative journalism focuses on serious issues, takes months to get to the truth, and holds people accountable through fact-based reporting.
What is Journalism ? Types and Role of journalism.
Official WebSite:- https://www.topfreejobalert.com
Words ‘Journal’ , ‘Journalism’, Journalist’ have their origin in the French word ‘journal’ meaning a book and it has it’s origin in turn in the Roman word ‘ diurnalis’ meaning daily.
How to write a news package
This document provides guidance on how to write a script for a news package. It explains that the script should be written after gathering audio and video interviews and B-roll footage to tell the story. The script separates elements into two columns for video and audio and includes sound bytes, voiceovers, and natural sound to weave the story together cohesively. Tips are given to choose compelling sound bytes, write natural-sounding voiceovers, and notate timing references to aid the editor. The overall goal is to craft a script that is easy for the editor to follow in transforming it into a polished news package.
Reporting Techniques.pptx
1. The document discusses different techniques for reporting news across various media platforms such as newspaper, television, radio, and the internet.
2. The reporting process involves setting objectives, gathering and analyzing data, planning, drafting, editing, and designing the report.
3. The formats for each media differ - print relies on words and photos, television uses visuals and videos, radio is audio-only, and online combines various elements.
National News agencies slideshare
The document discusses national news agencies in Pakistan. It provides information on several major Pakistani national news agencies, including the Associated Press of Pakistan (APP), Pakistan Press International (PPI), News Network International (NNI), SABAH, and Asia News Network (ANN). It discusses the history, operations, services, and staffing of APP, which is the largest national news agency. It also provides brief overviews of some national news agencies in other countries like Press Trust of India, BERNAMA, and Xinhua News Agency.
Sources of news
These slides are about the sources of news gathering.it will help out the people to understand from where a news reporter gets his/her news.
Media in pakistan (1)
Musharraf can be credited for opening doors to media and introducing media revolution, but relations soured after imposing martial law and sacking chief justice. Zardari era media divided into pro, neutral, anti-government camps. Both granted media freedoms but also tried controlling media through regulatory authorities when faced with criticism. Conclusion states free media informs people, shows injustice to world, and strengthens democracy by acting as watchdog.
Feature writing
This document defines a feature as a creative, subjective article designed to both entertain and inform readers about an event or aspect of life. It discusses the key elements of features, including creativity, subjectivity, entertainment value, and being informative. The document outlines that features are long-form journalistic pieces found in newspapers, magazines, blogs, and other media. Features require research and description, cover topics in-depth through reflective thought, and have novelty leads that hook readers into the story. While not reporting on breaking news, features penetrate deeper into subjects using techniques like dialogue, voice, and wrapping up the story through its conclusion.
Organizational Structure of a News Paper
This document provides an overview of the organizational structure of a typical newspaper. It outlines the main departments including editorial, advertising, circulation, printing, administrative, accounting, stores, IT, and internet departments. The editorial department is responsible for collecting, selecting, editing and interpreting news. The advertising department handles advertising sales and publications. The circulation department sells and distributes the newspaper. The printing department manages printing processes. Other departments focus on administration, accounting, supplies, technology, and online presence. Larger newspapers may have additional departments for legal, personnel, and public relations functions.
Characteristics of radio news show
This document provides guidelines for writing effective radio news features. It discusses that radio news features should have:
1) A well-researched topic that is of interest to the intended audience.
2) An introduction that hooks the listener with a brief overview of the story.
3) A main body that covers the essential details of who, what, when, where, why and how in a clear narrative.
4) Quotes and interviews from relevant individuals to support the story.
5) A conversational writing style that is easy for a radio announcer to deliver.
6) Attention to tone that is appropriate for the topic and engages the audience.
7) A
Yellow journalism
This document discusses mass communication, journalism, and yellow journalism. It defines journalism as writing for newspapers and magazines, which involves collecting and disseminating information. Yellow journalism uses sensational headlines and exaggerates facts to attract readers. It provides the example of Pulitzer and Hearst popularizing yellow journalism in the 1890s. The document concludes that while journalism should report truth, some current media engages in yellow journalism by spreading rumors and being biased toward the government.
Subeditor
The quality of a newspaper depends upon the skills, abilities and knowledge of its Sub Editors, also known as the Copy Editors. This slide outlines the role and responsibilities of Sub Editors/Copy Editors in newspapers.
The Hourglass Structure (News)
The document describes the hourglass structure for writing news articles. It has three parts: (1) The Top, which summarizes the key details in 4-6 paragraphs; (2) The Turn, a transitional phrase indicating an upcoming narrative; and (3) The Narrative, which tells the story chronologically. An example news article is provided and analyzed in terms of how it follows the hourglass structure. The Top provides the necessary details, the Turn signals a shift to narrative, and the Narrative tells the story through quotes and chronological events. The hourglass structure provides both essential news details and a complete narrative form for readers.
Fdi in indian media (1)
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is permitted in most segments of the Indian media and entertainment industry. FDI of up to 100% is allowed in film production, distribution, and exhibition. For broadcasting services like DTH, cable networks, and HITS, 74% FDI is permitted. Up to 49% FDI through the automatic route and up to 74% through the government route is allowed in radio. Publishing has a 26% limit for news/current affairs and a 74% limit for other types of publishing. Equity investment, preference shares, debentures, and external commercial borrowings are some of the methods used by foreign companies to fund operations in India.
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Journalism serves several important roles and functions in a democratic society. It acts as a mediator between the public and policymakers, informing citizens about what elites are doing and acting as a watchdog over them. Its primary obligations are to truth and citizens. Journalists maintain independence while providing a forum for public debate and serving as monitors of power. Journalism informs the public, interprets issues, enables decision making, and can help drive social change through entertainment and molding opinion.
An introduction to journalism
Journalism involves gathering, writing, and editing news and information for distribution through various media like newspapers, television and online platforms. It is considered an important profession as it informs citizens about their community, nation and world, and acts as a watchdog on those in power while also facilitating discussion, education and entertainment. Journalism aims to achieve accuracy, independence, fairness and transparency in fulfilling its professional responsibilities.
Newsroom structure
This document describes the various sections and roles within a newspaper organization. It notes that the newsroom is the most important section, as it is responsible for preparing the newspaper. The newsroom has two main sections: reporting, where reporters gather news, and subbing, where sub-editors layout the news. It also describes the roles of the news editor, shift supervisors, proofreaders, and press staff who print and distribute the finished newspaper.
News agencies
News agencies are organizations of journalists that supply news reports to various media outlets like newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. The major news agencies include Associated Press, Reuters, and Agence France-Presse, which have extensive global networks of correspondents and resources to report news from around the world. While individual media organizations have their own reporting staff, they rely heavily on news agencies for international and foreign news coverage given the agencies' ability to provide near instantaneous distribution of news from anywhere in the world.
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What is Journalism ? Types and Role of journalism.
What is Journalism ? Types and Role of journalism.
Similar to Definitions of ‘’the news’’
News values media
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The document discusses what constitutes news and factors that determine newsworthiness. It notes that news must be factual, timely, interesting to readers, involve prominent people or events, have human impact, and include conflict or drama. It also distinguishes between "hard news" about important issues and "soft news" that entertains. Additionally, it discusses how different audiences and media outlets have varying views on what is considered news.
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What is news?
1. The document discusses what constitutes news and how journalists determine what is newsworthy. It outlines several criteria that journalists use to make this assessment, including whether an event is new, unusual, interesting, significant, involves people, is negative, proximate, recent, continuous, unique, simple, involves personalities, is predictable, involves elite nations or people, or is exclusive.
2. It then provides more details on specific news values identified in a 1965 study, such as negativity, proximity, recency, currency, continuity, uniqueness, simplicity, personality, predictability, elite nations/people, and exclusivity.
3. Finally, it presents an exercise where readers are asked to rank news stories from
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The document discusses the history of newspapers and yellow journalism. It begins with the introduction of penny presses in the 1830s, which featured sensational stories and broadened newspapers' readership. Yellow journalism refers to journalism focused on sensationalism over accuracy. It was fueled by penny presses and epitomized by William Randolph Hearst's New York World coverage of the sinking of the USS Maine. The Daily Show segment suggests yellow journalism is still prevalent online through clickbait headlines and sensational stories, rather than truth or real journalism. The show aims to enhance media literacy by critically and satirically evaluating media.
What is news?
News must be factual, recent, and interesting to readers. It should provide balanced coverage of important events and prominent figures while avoiding subjective opinions. Different types of news can appeal to readers through elements like proximity, consequence, prominence, drama, conflict, emotions, and impact on people's lives. Accuracy, objectivity, conciseness and clarity are important principles for journalists.
News
Definition of news
types of news
elements of news
inverted pyramid
Qualities of news
essential factors of news
News sources
news values
Uses and gratifications
Blumler and Katz's uses and gratifications theory proposes that people read local newspapers for five key reasons: 1) education and information, as newspapers keep readers informed about news, sports, and entertainment; 2) entertainment, as newspapers contain humor, stories of interest, and other features like horoscopes and puzzles; 3) social interaction, as reading the newspaper provides talking points to discuss with others; 4) escape, as absorbing newspaper stories can take readers' minds off their daily concerns; and 5) identification, as readers relate to and put themselves in the place of people in newspaper stories.
The manufacture of news
1. Deciding what constitutes news is the most important element in the journalistic process as it determines how reporters work and the type of information the public receives.
2. Traditional news criteria include timeliness, proximity, prominence, conflict, impact, and human interest. However, there are no universally agreed upon definitions of news.
3. Organizational and audience factors also influence news selection. Reporters focus on visible events rather than complex issues and trends. The ultimate goal is to inform readers while maintaining their interests.
News values
The document discusses several factors that affect what news is reported, including prominence, human interest, impact and proximity, timeliness, and conflict. Prominence refers to how well-known a person is - an event involving a celebrity will get more coverage than the same event involving an average person. Human interest focuses on appealing to viewers' emotions and curiosity, prioritizing unusual or impactful stories. The relevance of a news story depends on its impact and proximity - local news will focus more on local issues rather than national ones. Timeliness means newer events are generally considered more newsworthy. Conflict between groups provides entertainment value in reporting competing views and debates.
News values
The document discusses several factors that affect what news is reported, including prominence, human interest, impact and proximity, timeliness, and conflict. Prominence refers to how well-known a person is - an event involving a celebrity will get more coverage than the same event involving an average person. Human interest focuses on appealing to viewers' emotions and curiosity, prioritizing unusual or impactful stories. The relevance of a news story to its intended audience also influences its coverage, with local news focusing more on local issues. More recent events are generally considered more newsworthy. Conflict between groups or individuals provides entertainment value in reporting opposing viewpoints.
The concept behind news
This document discusses different types of news. Soft news includes feature stories that aim to entertain rather than just inform, covering topics like human interest, art, and health. Hard news contains important factual information on politics, business, conflicts, and crimes that aims to inform readers. For a story to be considered news worthy, it must meet certain criteria like being timely, proximate, having impact or involving celebrities/powerful people.
The Concept Behind News
The document discusses different types of news. Soft news includes feature stories that aim to entertain rather than inform, covering topics like human interest, art, and health. Hard news contains factual information to inform readers, reporting on current events in areas like politics, business, and crime. For a story to be considered news worthy, it must meet certain criteria of newsworthiness, such as being timely, proximate, having impact, and involving conflict, tragedy, elites, or entertainment value.
News powerpoint
News is defined as information that is new, important to the audience, and something they need or want to know. It can be found from local media outlets, national media, press releases, and reports from friends and family. Galtung and Ruge developed a set of values in 1973 that news uses as "gatekeeping" to ensure reporting is relevant, including frequency, threshold, unambiguity, proximity, predictability, unexpectedness, continuity, composition, reference to elite nations and persons, personalization, and negativity.
News powerpoint
News is defined as information that is new, important to the audience, and something they need or want to know. It can be found from local media outlets, national media, press releases, and reports from friends and family. Galtung and Ruge developed news values in 1973 that determine newsworthiness, such as frequency, threshold, unambiguity, proximity, predictability, unexpectedness, continuity, composition, reference to elite nations and persons, personalization, and negativity. These help gatekeepers ensure news reporting is relevant and informative.
News values
News values prioritize events that have the greatest impact on audiences, especially if they are negative or extraordinary. Proximity to audiences and timeliness also influence newsworthiness, as do people in prominent positions, conflict, continuity of issues already in the public consciousness, odd or unusual occurrences, and human interest stories about ordinary people that elicit emotion.
Journalism week 5
This week's lecture and seminar discussed tabloid journalism. The lecture defined tabloid media as covering tabloid newspaper format, changing journalistic values, and sensational content over substance. While tabloids engage readers through relatable human interest stories, they may undermine reporting on issues of public concern. The seminar debated whether media should be regulated for freedom or quality, and whether tabloids inform or distract the public.
Task 13
Galtung and Ruge proposed 11 news values that influence whether an event will be reported by the media: frequency, threshold, unambiguity, meaningfulness, consonance, unexpectedness, continuity, composition, reference to elite persons, reference to elite nations, and personalization. They argue that events that score high on several of these values, like celebrity gossip or disasters, are more likely to be deemed newsworthy and reported than events that score low, such as long-term issues. The theory aims to explain what drives media perceptions of newsworthiness.
News Values
The document discusses news values, which are criteria used by journalists and news editors to determine what stories are most newsworthy and should receive prominent coverage. Some of the key news values mentioned include proximity, recency, currency, continuity, uniqueness, simplicity, expectedness, elite nations/people, exclusivity, and size. The higher a news story scores on these values, the more likely it is to receive prominent placement or coverage. However, news judgment is also subjective, and different outlets may prioritize stories differently based on their own standards and audience.
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Thories of management
There are two main theories of management: historical management theory and classical management theory. Historical management theory includes trial and error theory and conventional theory. Classical management theory developed during the industrial revolution and focuses on efficiency. It includes scientific management theory, bureaucratic management theory, and administrative management theory. Scientific management theory, proposed by Frederick Taylor, aims to find the most efficient way to perform tasks. Bureaucratic management theory, developed by Max Weber, argues bureaucracy is the most efficient organizational form. Administrative management theory, introduced by Henry Fayol, views management as the process of getting things done through people in groups.
Thories of management
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Thories of management
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Thories of management
There are two theories of management: historical management theory and classical management theory. Historical management theory includes trial and error theory and conventional theory. Conventional theory developed during the industrial revolution and focused on efficiency. Classical management theory is based on the belief that employees only have economic and physical needs. The three types of classical management theory are scientific management theory, bureaucratic management theory, and administrative management theory. Scientific management theory was proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor and focuses on analyzing work scientifically to find the most efficient way to perform tasks. Bureaucratic management theory was developed by Max Weber and argues bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organization. Administrative management theory was first explored by Henry Fayol who viewed management as the process of getting things done
Thories of management
There are two theories of management: historical management theory and classical management theory. Historical management theory includes trial and error theory and conventional theory. Conventional theory developed during the industrial revolution and focused on efficiency. Classical management theory is based on the belief that employees only have economic and physical needs. The three types of classical management theory are scientific management theory, bureaucratic management theory, and administrative management theory. Scientific management theory, proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, aims to find the most efficient way to perform tasks. Bureaucratic management theory, developed by Max Weber, argues bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organization. Administrative management theory, proposed by Henry Fayol, views management as getting things done through people as a group rather than individuals
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There are two theories of management: historical management theory and classical management theory. Historical management theory includes trial and error theory and conventional theory. Conventional theory developed during the industrial revolution and focused on efficiency. Classical management theory is based on the belief that employees only have economic and physical needs. The three types of classical management theory are scientific management theory, bureaucratic management theory, and administrative management theory. Scientific management theory, proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, aims to find the most efficient way to perform tasks. Bureaucratic management theory, developed by Max Weber, argues bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organization. Administrative management theory, proposed by Henry Fayol, views management as getting things done through people as a group rather than individuals
News vs narrative
The document compares news and narrative styles of writing. News focuses on directly conveying factual information about recent events using techniques like the inverted pyramid structure. Narratives tell stories with a beginning, middle, and end, engaging the reader by withholding details and including mysteries to compel continued reading. While news must be entirely factual, narratives have more flexibility in crafting stories over a longer period of time.
Unique features of media industries
Media industries have unique business dynamics and characteristics that differentiate them from other industries. Media products are based on creative work such as ideas and information. Media companies receive special copyright protections and their products are highly visible to consumers and influenced by public policy. Additionally, media companies face less direct competition than other industries and much of their economic value comes from a small number of popular products and services.
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Definitions of ‘’the news’’
- 1. DEFINITIONS OF ‘’THE NEWS’’: • :: News is about information and updating events. • :: News by itself is not entertainment about current event but it does have to be made into interesting stories for the viewer. • :: Good news stories are the based on other people’s mystery. Media news depends on negative happenings-otherwise we would not have anything to talk about. • :: All news are pre packaged by publicity managers and spin doctors.
- 2. DIFINITIONS OF ‘’THE NEWS’’: • :: Television news needs visuals and interview with eye witness accounts to make it seems real. • :: News is about people; people stories interest viewers the most.
- 3. WHAT ARE NEWS VALUES • ‘’News values are generally guideline or criteria used by media outlets, such as newspapers or broadcast media to determine hoe much prominence to give to a story. They are fundamental to understanding news production and the choices that editors and other journalist-face when deciding that one piece of information is news while other is not’’.
- 4. NEWS VALUE # 1 IMPACT: • ‘’ The number of people whose lives with be influenced in some way by the subject of the story’’ FOR EXAMPLE • The Asian Tsunami had more impact then a local flood.
- 5. NEWS VALUE # 2 CONTROVERSY • ‘’Arguments, disagreements, debates, charges, countercharges and fight increase the value of news’’ FOR EXAMPLE • Meera and Reema fought in awards show ceremony last night.
- 6. NEWS VALUE # 3 PROMINENCE • ‘’ For the same occurrence, people in the public eye have higher news value than obscure people ‘’ FOR EXAMPLE • Tom Cruise jumps on a couch because he’s got a new girlfriend and everybody’s interested. A big name Basketballer has AIDS , every one knows a child in Africa has AIDS nobody cares.
- 7. NEWS VALUE # 4 TIMELINESS • ‘’Recent events have higher news value than earlier happenings of particular value are stories brought to the public ahead of the competution. These are known as scoops’’ FOR EXAMPLE • A fundraiser that distributes toys to low-income children during the holiday season.
- 8. NEWS VALUE # 5 PROXIMITY ‘’ Stories that involve people from their own country ‘’. ‘’ Stories about events and situations in one’s home community are more news worthy than events that take place far away FOR EXAMPLE • Australian jet crash kills 10 Brits or stories that are close to people geographically. • If 100 people drown in a flood in a faraway country, the story has about the same news values as a story describing how to 10 people drowned in Guangzhou.
- 9. NEWS VALUE # 6 CURRENCY • ‘’ More value is attributed to stories pertaining to issues to topics that are in the spotlight of public concern rather than to issues or topics about which people careless. Stories come and stories go’’ FOR EXAMPLE • In 1999, JFK. JR died in a plane crash, the Clinton impeachment trial, Microsoft monopoly, war over KOSOVO, Columbine school shooting and the Millennium, followed in the followed in the 2000s by 9/11 and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
- 10. NEWS VALUE # 7 ODDITY / NOVELTY • ‘’Also known as oddity or rarity, this news value focuses on a story that is unusual and highly interesting’’. • ‘’Whenever strange things happens, it will make the news’’ FOR EXAMPLE • A skunk spraying classrooms on campus would be unusual.
- 11. NEWS VALUE #8 MAGNITUDE • ‘’ It focus on extraordinary, high- magnitude news’’ FOR EXAMPLE