The document explains the use of definite and indefinite articles in Spanish, highlighting that articles must match the gender and number of the nouns they accompany. For definite articles, 'el' and 'la' are used for masculine and feminine singular nouns respectively, while 'un' and 'una' serve as indefinite articles. It also covers pluralization rules for nouns and adjectives, specifying that -s or -es is added based on the ending of the singular form, along with some spelling changes.

1. Definite and Indefinite
Articles
Use of articles with specific and
unspecified things

2. Definite articles
 All nouns in Spanish
are masculine or
feminine.
 In Spanish, the
definite article (the)
that accompanies a
noun will match its
gender and number.
Definite
article
Noun
Singular
masculine
El
(the)
Chico
(boy)
Plural
masculine
Los
(the)
Chicos
(boys)
Singular
feminine
La
(the)
Chica
(girl)
Plural
feminine
Las
(the)
Chicas
(girls)

3. Definite articles (continued)
 Son para el concurso.
 El matches concurso.
 A los nuevos amigos.
 Los matches amigos.
 The gender of a noun must be learned.
 Usually
 Nouns ending with –o are masculine
 Nouns ending with –a are feminine.

4. Indefinite articles
 A noun may
sometimes appear
with an indefinite
article (a, an or
some).
 The indefinite article
that accompanies a
noun will also match
its gender and
number.
Indefinite
article
Noun
Singular
masculine
Un
(a)
Chico
(boy)
Plural
masculine
Unos
(some)
Chicos
(boys)
Singular
feminine
Una
(a)
Chica
(girl)
Plural
feminine
Unas
(some)
Chicas
(girls)

5. Modelos
 El sombrero es rojo.
 The hat is red
 La blusa es azul.
 The blouse is blue
 Una camisa es buena.
 A shirt is good.
 Un chico es un estudiante.
 A boy is a student.
 Unas camisetas son marrónes.
 Some T-shirts are brown.

6. Sustantivos y adjetivos plurales
 To make nouns and adjectives plural in
Spanish, you will either add -s or –es.
 The last letter of the singular nouns or the
correct gender form of the adjective
determines what you add to make plural

7. Add an -es
 If the singular form ends with a vowel that
has an accent mark.
 If the singular form ends with any
consonant
por ejemplo:
rubí rubíes
azul azules
pared paredes
canción canciones

8. Add an -s
 If the singular form ends with a vowel with
no accent mark.
por ejemplo:
gato gatos
chica chicas
buena buenas
verde verdes

9. There are some spelling changes to
keep in mind!
 Change a –z to a –c before adding –es
 Por ejemplo:
 Pez peces
 Lápiz lápices
 Most words that have an accent mark will
drop the accent mark when plural.
 Por ejemplo:
 Canción canciones
 Sillón sillones