Final Defense By Dr. Lauren Talia, DBA

1. DEFENSE
May
17,
2012
PRESENTED
BY:
LAUREN
TALIA

2. DISSERTATION
TOPIC
CALIFORNIA
MANUFACTURING
COMPANIES’
LEADERS’
PERCEPTIONS
FOR
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATON
AND
HOW
IT
IMPACTS
THE
WORKPLACE

3. EXPLANATION
OF
THE
TERMS
 CALIFORNIA
 MANUFACTURING
 Divided
into
two
regions
 32,000
companies
in
California
according
to
Manta.com
 NORTHERN
CALIFORNIA
 San
Jose
 LEADER
 Chief
ExecuRve
Officer
(CEO)

San
Francisco
 Vice
President
 Silicon
Valley
 Director
 Mountain
View
 SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
 AUTOMATION
 Self-­‐OperaRng
Machine
 San
Diego
 RoboRc
Technology
 Los
Angeles
 Orange
County

4. PURPOSE
OF
THE
STUDY
THE
PURPOSE
OF
THIS
RESEARCH
STUDY
IS
TO
ADDRESS
TWO
MAIN
QUESTIONS
1.
To
examine
the
leaders
of
California
manufacturing
companies’
percepRons
and
objecRves
towards
integraRng
automaRon.
2.
To
examine
the
leaders
of
California
manufacturing
companies’
percepRons
concerning
the
impact
of
automaRon
in
the
workplace.

5. PROBLEM
STATEMENT
CALIFORNIA
MANUFACTURING
COMPANIES’
LEADERS
ARE
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATION
WITHOUT
UNDERSTANDING
THE
IMPACT
AUTOMATON
MAY
HAVE
IN
THE
WORKPLACE.

6. RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1.
WHAT
ARE
CALIFORNIA’S
MANUFACTURING
COMPANY
LEADERS
PERCEPTIONS
FOR
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATION?
2.
WHAT
ARE
CALIFORNIA’S
MANUFACTURING
COMPANIES’
LEADERS
PERCEPTIONS
FOR
ASCERTAIN
AFTERMATHS
FROM
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATION
IMPACTING
THE
WORKPLACE?

7. LITERATURE
AUTOMATON
 ImplemenRng
automaton
leads
to
a
safer
workplace
environment
for
workers.
 AutomaRon
promotes
efficient
operaRon
by
increasing
producRvity
quotas
to
saRsfy
leader’s
expectaRons
(Tzafestas,
2010).
 AutomaRon
decreases
operaRonal
costs
by
producing
an
increased
quality
of
goods
at
a
lower-­‐cost
(Wandner,
2010).

8. METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH
METHOD
RESEARCH
DESIGN
 QualitaRve
Research
 Phenomenological
Method
Research
Design
 In-­‐depth
and
rich
 Allowed
the
researcher
informaRon
to
survey
a
small
populaRon
sample
of
 What
are
your
percepRons
of
10–20
parRcipants
automaRon?

9. SAMPLING
RANDOM
SAMPLING
JUDGMENTAL
 Professional
contact
SAMPLING
 Personal
contact
 Over
20
parRcipants
POPULATION
SAMPLE
 California
manufacturing
 Leaders
 AutomaRon

10. SEARCH
ENGINES
AND
KEYWORDS
SEARCH
ENGINES
EXAMPLES
OF
KEYWORDS
 Google.com
 California
manufacturing
companies
 Whitepages.com
 Northern
California
 Manta.com
manufacturing
companies
 Cmta.com
 Northern
California
 Erascal.org
network
chips
companies
 Cmtc.com
 Southern
California
manufacturing
companies
 Apparelnews.net

11. RECRUITMENT
PROCESS
DOCUMENTING
THE
PARTICIPANTS
INFORMATION
MS
EXCEL
WORKBOOK
DATA
CONNECTED
 Spreadsheet
dated
 External
Hard
Drive
(that
day
date)
 Encrypted
and
Password
 First
Name
protected
 Last
Name
LOCKED
CABINET
 Company
Name
 Only
the
researcher
had
 Job
Titles
access
to
the
content
 Email
Addresses

12. RECRUITMENT
PROCESS,
CONT.
EMAILS
SENT
FOR
RECURITING
 Over
1800
individuals
emails
sent
individually
to
each
qualified
candidates
and
follow-­‐up
phone
call.
SCREENING
QUESTION
 Do
you
currently
or
did
you
used
to
parRcipate
in
the
decision-­‐making
process
for
implemenRng
automaRon
RECRUITMENT
EMAIL
 Provided
link
to
access
the
web
survey
quesRonnaires
online
through
Survey
Monkey
™

13. DATA
COLLECTION
Survey
Monkey
™
PROS
CONS
 Web
Survey
QuesRonnaire
 ParRcipants
are
unfamiliar
with
the
site
 CompleRng
the
survey
at
the
 Caused
some
parRcipants
to
leaders
convenience
quesRon
the
integrity
of
the
study
 Anonymity
of
respondents
 Poor
response
rate
 More
honest
answers
to
sensiRve
quesRons
 Less
aftudinal
behavior
 No
Cost

14. RECRUITMENT
TOTALS
22
ParKcipants
Accessed
the
Survey
12
parRcipants
10
parRcipants
FAILED
ParKcipated
in
the
the
screening
process
screening
process
SCREENING
QUESTION
Do
you
currently
or
did
you
used
to
parRcipate
in
the
decision-­‐making
process
for
implemenRng
automaRon?

15. PARTICIPANTS
RECRUITED
DEMOGRAPHICS
GENDER
 5
Northern
California
 9
Males
 3
Females
 7
Southern
California
AGE
JOB
TITLES
 Was
not
factor
in
this
 5
President/CEO
study.
 2
Vice
Presidents
 Seniority
of
the
 2
Chief
Officers
parRcipants
posiRons
was
factor.
 2
Directors

16. NoCal
PARTICIPANTS
#
Region
Gender
Title
Manufacturing
Industry
1
NoCal
Male
Chief
ExecuRve
Automobile
Parts
Officer
(CEO)
2
NoCal
Male
Director
Snowboarding
and
Skateboarding
products
3
NoCal
Male
Vice
President
PlasRc
(VP)
4
NoCal
Female
Sr.
VP
Label
PrinRng
5
NoCal
Female
Chief
OperaRng
Networking
Devices
Officer
(COO)

17. SoCal
PARTICIPANTS
#
Region
Gender
Title
Manufacturing
Industry
1
SoCal
Male
President/Owner
Guitar
Instrument
2
SoCal
Male
Director
Aircraj
Manufactures
3
SoCal
Male
President
Medical
Equipment
4
SoCal
Male
Chief
Technology
Commercial
Aircrajs
Officer
(CTO)
5
SoCal
Male
Director
Apparel
TexRles
6
SoCal
Female
President/CEO
Apparel
TexRles
7
SoCal
Male
CEO
Food
and
beverages

18. HOW
DATA
ANALYSIS
WAS
CONDUCTED
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
 RelaRonships
of
among
categories
of
data
 SimilariRes
in
common
wording

19. SURVEY
QUESTION
1
WHAT
ARE
YOUR
FEELING
ABOUT
AUTOMATION?
9
PARTICIPANTS
3
PARTICIPANTS
 Great
tool
 Neutral
Feelings
for
 PosiRve
automaRon
 Cost
reducRon
 Its
about
how
the
workplace
 Improve
process
adapts
to
automaRon
improvements
for
streamline
efficiently
 Staying
compeRRve

20. SURVEY
QUESTION
2
WHY
DID
YOU
OR
THE
LEADERS
OF
YOUR
ORGANIZATION
DECIDE
TO
INTEGRA
TATE
AUTOMATION?
6
PARTICIPANTS
5
PARTICIPANTS
 Improve
complicated
process
 To
cut
costs
 Streamline
processes
 Increase
producRvity
 Simplify
processes
 AutomaRon
is
an
effecRve
tool
1
PARTICIPANT
 Higher
producRvity
number
across
all
metrics
 Reduces
Dangers
for
injury

21. SURVEY
QUESTION
3
HOW
DID
YOU
OR
THE
LEADERS
IN
YOUR
ORGANIZATION
REACT
TO
THE
INTEGRATION
OF
AUTOMATION
IN
THE
WORKPLACE?
8
PARTICIPANTS
1
PARTICIPANT
 Highly
PosiRve
 Mixed
interpretaRons
of
 Eager
to
integrate
automaRon
automaRon
in
the
workplace
1
PARTCIAPANT
 Change
in
any
form
is
rarely
1
PARTICIPANTS
accepted
 IniRal
investment
of
cost
1
PARTICIPANTS
 Retraining
the
workers,
where
necessary

22. SURVEY
QUESTION
4
HOW
WAS
AUTOMATION
INTEGRATED
INTO
YOUR
WORKPLACE?
The
ques;on
asks
“how”
but
the
respondents
seemed
to
respond
to
“why”
instead.
9
PARTICIPANTS
3
PARTICIPANT
 Simplify
processes
 Perform
repeRRve
work
 Increase
employee
 Sojware
producRvity.
 Producing
automated
products

23. SURVEY
QUESTION
5
HOW
DID
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)
REACT
TO
THE
INTEGRATION
OF
AUTOMATION?
7
PARTICIPANTS
5
PARTICIPANTS
 Employees
who
wanted
to
 Workplace
reacted
negaRvely
learn
embraced
automaRon
to
automaRon
 Higher
level
of
job
security
 Employees
felt
their
jobs
 Employees
welcomed
were
in
jeopardy

24. SURVEY
QUESTION
6
WHAT
TYPE
OF
TRAINING
WAS
INSTITUTED
TO
EDUCATE
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)
TO
LEARN
AND
OPERATE
THE
AUTOMATED
SYSTEMS?
8
PARTICIPANTS
4
PARTICIPANTS
 Hired
professional
trainer
to
 Management
goes
over
the
educate
the
employees
safety
and
maintenance
 Training
took
place
In-­‐house
requirements
for
the
new
equipment
 Leadership
offered
demonstraRon
of
uRlizing
automaRon
 Process
training

25. SURVEY
QUESTION
7
HOW
DID
THE
TRAINING
ASSIST
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)
TO
LEARN
TO
USE
THE
AUTOMATED
SYSTEMS?
10
PARTICIPANTS
1
PARTICIPANT
 Company
insRtuted
some
 Successful
training,
the
form
of
onsite
training
employee
 Had
an
internal
team
leader
on
the
floor
to
1
PARTCIAPNT
educate
and
assist
the
 Change
was
challenge
team
with
conRnuous
training.

26. SURVEY
QUESTION
8
HOW
DID
AUTOMATION
BENEFIT
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)?
4
PARTICIPANTS
2
PARTICIPANTS
 AutomaRon
benefited
the
 Employees
are
now
workplace
comfortable
with
the
concept
 Increasing
morale
which
had
of
automaRon
a
posiRve
effect
 Beneficial
to
the
leadership
1
PARTICIPANT
team.
 ReducRon
of
repeated
moRon
faRgue

27. SURVEY
QUESTION
8,
CONT.
HOW
DID
AUTOMATION
BENEFIT
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)?
1
PARTICIPANT
 Company
invested
in
the
1
PARTICIPANT
employees
 AutomaRon
assisted
the
execuRves
more,
by
1
PARTICIPANT
increasing
the
producRvity
 New
job
opportuniRes
quotas
opened
1
PARTICIPANT
1
PARTICIPANT
 Helped
the
company
grow
in
 AutomaRon
resulted
in
the
size
and
increased
profits
staff
being
bored
easily

28. SURVEY
QUESTION
9
HOW
DID
YOU
OR
THE
LEADERS
IN
YOUR
ORGANIZATION
REACT
TO
THE
COST
OF
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATION?
9
PARTICIPANTS
1
PARTICIPANT
 Leaders
in
their
organizaRon
 Created
debates
amount
the
had
a
posiRve
reacRon
to
the
leaders
cost
of
integraRng
automaRon.
1
PARTICIPANT
 The
expense
of
automaRon
1
PARTICIPANT
was
more
than
offset
by
the
 ResisRng
the
change
increased
revenue

29. SURVEY
QUESTION
10
OVERALL,
HOW
WOULD
YOU
DESCRIBE
THE
IMPACT
OR
EFFECT
AUTOMATION
HAS
IN
YOUR
WORKPLACE?
6
PARTICIPANTS
4
PARTICIPANTS
 The
effect
of
automaRon
on
 AutomaRon
had
posiRve
their
workplaces
was
neutral
effect
 1
PARTICIPANT
1
PARTICIPANT
 AutomaRon
was
success.
 Increased
producRvity
 Decreased
errors
 Reduced
lead
Rmes

30. SURVEY
QUESTION
11
AFTER
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATION,
DID
IT
MEET
OR
EXCEED
YOUR
COMPANY’S
EXPECTATIONS?
WHY
OR
WHY
NOT?
11
PARTICIPANTS
1
PARTICIPANT
 AutomaRon
did
not
increase
 Automaton
exceeded
their
the
companies
sales
growth.
company’s
expectaRons
 Decreased
OperaRonal
Costs

Increased
employee
producRvity
numbers,
saving
the
company
money
 PrevenRng
outsourcing.

31. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
1
WHAT
ARE
YOUR
FEELING
ABOUT
AUTOMATION?
 Lack
of
knowledge
 The
leaders
seemed
to
regarding
how
have
a
basic
automaRon
might
understanding
of
the
influence
the
workplace
benefits
automaRon
through
integraRon.
provided
to
the
workplace.

32. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
2
WHY
DID
YOU
OR
THE
LEADERS
OF
YOUR
ORGANIZATION
DECIDE
TO
INTEGRATE
AUTOMATION?
 Increasing
employee
producRvity
 Improving
accuracy
 Staying
compeRRve
 China
is
United
States
biggest
global
compeRtor
in
low-­‐
cost.
 More
products
are
being
manufactured
in
the
United
States.

33. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
3
HOW
DID
YOU
OR
THE
LEADERS
IN
YOUR
ORGANIZATION
REACT
TO
THE
INTEGRATION
OF
AUTOMATION
IN
THE
WORKPLACE?
 Leaders
need
to
have
a
 Lack
of
understanding
of
comprehensive
automaton
understanding
of
the
 Examples
or
prototypes
nature
of
the
company
of
automaton
and
the
industry
in
which
it
competes
(Ferrell
&
 Strengths,
Weaknesses,
Hartline,
2010).
OpportuniRes,
and
Threats
(SWOT)
analysis

34. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
4
HOW
WAS
AUTOMATION
INTEGRATED
INTO
YOUR
WORKPLACE?
 Return
of
Investment
 Improved
accuracy
(ROI)
 Simplified
processes
and
 Prevented
injury
procedures
for
the
lean
effecRveness
 Increased
producRvity

35. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
5
HOW
DID
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)
REACT
TO
THE
INTEGRATION
OF
AUTOMATION?
 Prevented
the
 Excited
for
the
new
employees
from
opportuniRes
would
conducRng
dangerous
present
itself
acRviRes
 AutomaRon
might
help
 Their
jobs
were
lost
from
to
increase
job
security
automaRon

36. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
6
WHAT
TYPE
OF
TRAINING
WAS
INSTITUTED
TO
EDUCATE
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)
TO
LEARN
AND
OPERATE
THE
AUTOMATED
SYSTEMS?
 Hiring
professional
trainers
 Training
Seminars
 Having
full-­‐Rme
trainer
on-­‐  Cross-­‐training
the
workforce
site

Trial
and
error
is
costly

37. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
7
HOW
DID
THE
TRAINING
ASSIST
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)
TO
LEARN
TO
USE
THE
AUTOMATED
SYSTEMS?
 Employees
had
the
 Training
assisted
the
opportunity
to
ask
the
employees
in
learning
how
professional
trainer
any
to
use
and
operate
quesRons
that
they
had.
automaRon.
 The
training
will
assist
 The
employees
preferred
the
employees
to
begin
learning
from
a
operaRng
the
new
professional
trainer
machinery
with
certainty.

38. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
8
HOW
DID
AUTOMATION
BENEFIT
THE
WORKPLACE
(EMPLOYEES)?
 AutomaRon
caused
 Flexible
working
hours
producRvity
to
increase
 Increase
the
morale
while
reducing
the
size
of
the
workforce.
 Increasing
the
profit
and

Lower
morale
sales
margins

39. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
9
HOW
DID
YOU
OR
THE
LEADERS
IN
YOUR
ORGANIZATION
REACT
TO
THE
COST
OF
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATION?
 Cost
was
an
issue
for
the
 The
findings
from
the
leaders
in
any
organizaRon
study
indicated
that
it
is
because
automaRon
wise
for
any
company
(not
implementaRon
is
just
manufacturing
expensive.
companies)
to
set
aside
cash
on
reserve
to
be
used
 Not
all
companies
possess
for
the
integraRon
of
new
the
funding
necessary
to
prototypes
of
automaRon.
integrate
automaRon
in
the
workplace.

40. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
10
OVERALL,
HOW
WOULD
YOU
DESCRIBE
THE
IMPACT
OR
EFFECT
AUTOMATION
HAS
IN
YOUR
WORKPLACE?
 People
in
the
workplace
 Some
people
enjoy
change,
will
always
have
mixed
while
others
resist
it;
some
feelings
regarding
the
people
enjoy
structure
and
effect
automaRon
has
in
consistency.
the
workplace.
 AutomaRon
has
improved
the
employees
accuracy.
 Each
employee
or
leader
has
an
individual
aftude
regarding
adapRng
to
new
changes.

41. FINDINGS
FOR
SURVEY
QUESTION
11
AFTER
INTEGRATING
AUTOMATION,
DID
IT
MEET
OR
EXCEED
YOUR
COMPANY’S
EXPECTATIONS?
WHY
OR
WHY
NOT?
AutomaKon
exceeded
AutomaKon
cannot
expectaKons
guarantee
 Increased
producRvity
 Increase
in
sales
 Improved
accuracy
 Increase
profits.
 Cut
costs

Higher
cash
reserves
 Prevented
Injury

42. FINDINGS
AND
RESULTS
ADAPTING
TO
CHANGE
COMMUNICATION
 Workers
were
resistant
to
 EducaRng
the
workers
that
change
automaRon
will
not
threaten
their
posiRons
in
the
company.
COST
OF
AUTOMATION
 Costly
TRAINING
 Cash
reserve
 Hiring
professional
trainer
to
 Return
on
investment
train
the
workplace
(ROI)

43. AUTOMATON
ADDED
TO
THE
LITERATURE
SHOWN
IN
THE
WAS
NOT
SHOWN
IN
LITERATURE
THE
LITERATURE
 Increased
ProducRvity
 Improved
Processes
and
Procedures
 Prevented
Injury
 ROI
 Simplified
processes
 Some
workers
were
 Streamline
effecRveness
resisted
change
 Improved
Accuracy
 Training
the
workplace
on
automaRon

44. INTERPRETATIONS
OF
RESULTS
.
THE
FINDINGS
OF
THIS
STUDY
REVEALED
THAT
CALIFORNIA
MANUFACTURING
LEADERS’
OVERALL
PERCEPTIONS
REGARDING
AUTOMATION
WERE
POSITIVE.

45. LIMITATIONS
OF
THE
STUDY
 GEOGRAPHIC
 RECRUITMENT
EMAIL
 INDUSTRY
 SURVEY
MONKEY™
 PARTICIPANTS
 SAMPLE
SIZE
 QUALITATIVE
 RANDOM
SAMPLING

46. RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR
FURTHER
STUDY
 ROBOTEIC
 TRAINING
TECHNOLOGY
 EFFECTS
OF
AUTOMATON
 GEOGRAPHIC’S
 RESISTANCE
TO
CHANGE
 PROFESSIONAL
 IMPORT
AND
EXPORT
CERTIFICATIONS
 MANUFACTURING
 UNEMPLOYMENT
RATE
WORKERS
PERCEPTIONS
HARMED
FROM
FOR
AUTOMATION
AUTOMAITON

47.
QUESTIONS
OR
COMMENTS