Historical research involves systematically collecting and evaluating past data to understand and explain past events and actions. It aims to reconstruct what happened in the past as accurately as possible without manipulating variables. There are different types of historical research focused on topics like institutions, influences, or ideas. The process involves identifying a topic, collecting and evaluating primary and secondary sources, interpreting data, and synthesizing conclusions. Historical research is important as it can provide context, uncover unknown events, study causes and effects, and help understand present situations by examining relationships between past and present.
Basic research aims to develop or enhance theory without considering immediate practical applications. It involves collecting and analyzing data to test hypotheses and advance scientific understanding, even if the results have no obvious commercial or practical benefits. Some key points about basic research include:
- It increases fundamental knowledge and understanding without direct commercial objectives.
- Findings may not be immediately useful but often lay the groundwork for applied research and new technologies.
- It is primarily conducted by universities and seeks to explain phenomena rather than solve practical problems.
- The goal is explanatory research to generate new ideas and theories about how the world works.
Research Methodology and the Application of Research in ManagementChandan Mitra
The document discusses research methodology and areas of research in management. It defines research and explains the purposes and objectives of research. Research methodology is defined as a systematic way to solve problems and is important in determining suitable methods and accuracy of results. The document outlines different types of research including pure, applied, exploratory, descriptive, quantitative, and qualitative research. Areas of research in management are discussed, including theory building, theory testing, and problem-centered research. Broad areas of management research are identified as marketing, finance, HR, production, and entrepreneurship. Specific applications of research are provided for each of these areas.
This document discusses descriptive research design. Descriptive research aims to observe and describe phenomena as they occur naturally without manipulation. It can be used to identify problems, justify practices, and develop theories. Descriptive studies describe characteristics like frequency, percentages, averages without relating variables. Types include univariate, exploratory, and comparative designs. Limitations include inability to determine causation and potential for bias. The document provides an example of a descriptive study evaluating nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about Alzheimer's disease.
Research in Education (Unit 6) - UGC NET Education Paper IIThiyagu K
This presentation slides describe the contents of Research in Education (Paper-II - Unit 6 - UGC NET Education) into four parts. The contents involved in this presentation are the scope of scientific research, research design, types of research, hypothesis, variables, sample, tools, quantitative data analysis, quantitative data analysis, qualitative research, and mixed research. This material can help the UGC NET Educational Aspirants prepare Unit 6 (Research in Education) in the Paper-II syllabus.
The Pakistani economy achieved 4.2% growth in 2014-15, the highest since 2008-09, despite floods, protests, and declining commodity prices. Per capita income was $1,512 and unemployment was 6%. Inflation remained under 10% due to effective monetary policy. The services and industrial sectors grew 4.95% and 3.62% respectively. The trade deficit was $17 billion with exports of $26.9 billion and imports of $44 billion. The budget deficit was 5% and tax revenues were expected to increase to 11.5% of GDP. China and Pakistan signed $45 billion in agreements and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor agreements were deemed "credit positive" by ratings agencies.
This document presents an overview of research methodology for a pre-PhD workshop. It discusses definitions of research, research objectives and scope, the research process, types of research including quantitative and qualitative approaches, limitations of research, and sampling design techniques. Specifically, it covers sampling terminology, the sampling design process, and the goal of obtaining a representative sample to make inferences about the target population.
Historical research involves systematically collecting and evaluating past data to understand and explain past events and actions. It aims to reconstruct what happened in the past as accurately as possible without manipulating variables. There are different types of historical research focused on topics like institutions, influences, or ideas. The process involves identifying a topic, collecting and evaluating primary and secondary sources, interpreting data, and synthesizing conclusions. Historical research is important as it can provide context, uncover unknown events, study causes and effects, and help understand present situations by examining relationships between past and present.
Basic research aims to develop or enhance theory without considering immediate practical applications. It involves collecting and analyzing data to test hypotheses and advance scientific understanding, even if the results have no obvious commercial or practical benefits. Some key points about basic research include:
- It increases fundamental knowledge and understanding without direct commercial objectives.
- Findings may not be immediately useful but often lay the groundwork for applied research and new technologies.
- It is primarily conducted by universities and seeks to explain phenomena rather than solve practical problems.
- The goal is explanatory research to generate new ideas and theories about how the world works.
Research Methodology and the Application of Research in ManagementChandan Mitra
The document discusses research methodology and areas of research in management. It defines research and explains the purposes and objectives of research. Research methodology is defined as a systematic way to solve problems and is important in determining suitable methods and accuracy of results. The document outlines different types of research including pure, applied, exploratory, descriptive, quantitative, and qualitative research. Areas of research in management are discussed, including theory building, theory testing, and problem-centered research. Broad areas of management research are identified as marketing, finance, HR, production, and entrepreneurship. Specific applications of research are provided for each of these areas.
This document discusses descriptive research design. Descriptive research aims to observe and describe phenomena as they occur naturally without manipulation. It can be used to identify problems, justify practices, and develop theories. Descriptive studies describe characteristics like frequency, percentages, averages without relating variables. Types include univariate, exploratory, and comparative designs. Limitations include inability to determine causation and potential for bias. The document provides an example of a descriptive study evaluating nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about Alzheimer's disease.
Research in Education (Unit 6) - UGC NET Education Paper IIThiyagu K
This presentation slides describe the contents of Research in Education (Paper-II - Unit 6 - UGC NET Education) into four parts. The contents involved in this presentation are the scope of scientific research, research design, types of research, hypothesis, variables, sample, tools, quantitative data analysis, quantitative data analysis, qualitative research, and mixed research. This material can help the UGC NET Educational Aspirants prepare Unit 6 (Research in Education) in the Paper-II syllabus.
The Pakistani economy achieved 4.2% growth in 2014-15, the highest since 2008-09, despite floods, protests, and declining commodity prices. Per capita income was $1,512 and unemployment was 6%. Inflation remained under 10% due to effective monetary policy. The services and industrial sectors grew 4.95% and 3.62% respectively. The trade deficit was $17 billion with exports of $26.9 billion and imports of $44 billion. The budget deficit was 5% and tax revenues were expected to increase to 11.5% of GDP. China and Pakistan signed $45 billion in agreements and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor agreements were deemed "credit positive" by ratings agencies.
This document presents an overview of research methodology for a pre-PhD workshop. It discusses definitions of research, research objectives and scope, the research process, types of research including quantitative and qualitative approaches, limitations of research, and sampling design techniques. Specifically, it covers sampling terminology, the sampling design process, and the goal of obtaining a representative sample to make inferences about the target population.
This document discusses different types of research categorized by purpose, process, and outcome. There are four types of research defined by purpose: descriptive research involves fact-finding without variable control; analytical research analyzes phenomena through secondary data; exploratory research gains insights in preliminary stages; predictive research determines frequency or association. Qualitative research uses words and explores perspectives while quantitative research uses numbers and measurement. Applied research solves practical problems while fundamental research formulates theory without immediate application.
This document discusses research methodology and the concept of hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative statement about a problem's solution that can be empirically tested. The document outlines the key characteristics of hypotheses, including that they are conceptual, declarative statements that reference empirical variables and have a future orientation toward verification. Hypotheses are important as they focus research, guide the investigator, and prevent blind searches for data. Different types of hypotheses are discussed, including question, declarative statement, directional statement, and null forms.
Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research
The document outlines the top 10 qualities of good research according to Dr. Neetu Sharma. Good research is defined as a process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to answer questions or solve problems. Some key qualities are that good research builds upon previous work, can be replicated, addresses real-world problems, clearly defines variables or constructs, and produces results that are valid, verifiable, and generate new questions for future research. The researcher should also be sincerely interested in the topic studied.
This document discusses research methods and methodologies. It defines research methods as how to accomplish research tasks through procedures to initiate, carry out, and complete projects. Research methodology provides principles for organizing, planning, designing, and conducting research. The document then outlines different types of studies including deductive vs inductive, exploratory vs explanatory, descriptive vs analytical, basic vs applied, quantitative vs qualitative, one-time vs longitudinal, laboratory vs on-field, and test vs diagnostic research. It concludes by listing characteristics of good business research such as having a clearly defined purpose, detailed research process, thorough planning, high ethics, limitations revealed, adequate analysis, unambiguous findings, and justified conclusions.
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Observation is a primary data collection method that involves recognizing and noting facts or occurrences without asking questions. It can be used to study things like sales techniques, customer movements, and brand preferences. Some advantages are that it can be used regardless of willingness to report and with those unable to respond, like infants. Limitations include only being able to observe current behaviors, not attitudes or opinions, and it being slow for large groups. There are structured and unstructured, disguised and undisguised, and direct and indirect observation methods.
Indian higher education system, growth and regulatory bodies, Governance and role of Vice chancellors, Autonomy, University industry linkage,problems and lacunae of Indian Higher education .
Researchers face several problems including a lack of time and money, lack of computerization of data, and lack of confidence from business units in sharing information. Additionally, poor library management can waste a researcher's time finding relevant materials. Researchers also struggle with distance from primary data sources and a lack of scientific training in research methodology. Timely access to published data and complete library collections can also pose issues.
National Education Policy 2020: An OverviewAmita Bhardwaj
The National Education Policy 2020 aims to transform India's education system by 2040. Some key highlights include:
1. A new pedagogical structure of 5+3+3+4 replacing the 10+2 structure, with early childhood care from age 3.
2. Achieving universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary schools by 2025 through a National Mission.
3. Reducing separation between curricular, extra-curricular and vocational streams, with flexibility and holistic learning.
4. Mother tongue/local language as medium of instruction till at least Grade 5 and preferably till Grade 8.
The new panchasheel.note for sndt b.ed studentmubashshera
The document outlines Dr. R.A Mashelkar's vision for India in the new millennium, which he calls the "New Panchasheel". It consists of five key areas of focus: 1) Child-centered education, 2) Women-centered society, 3) Human-centered development, 4) Knowledge-centered society, and 5) Innovation-centered India. The document discusses the current issues and challenges within each of these areas and provides suggestions for how to improve and make progress. The overall message is that by focusing on these five fundamentals and setting them right, India can achieve great success in the 21st century.
The document discusses observation as a research method for collecting data in behavioral science studies. It defines observation as systematically recording behaviors, objects, or occurrences without communicating with what is being observed. There are different types of observation including participant and non-participant, as well as direct and indirect observation. The advantages of observation are that it allows researchers to study natural behaviors without influencing participants. However, it also risks selective perception bias. Proper planning is needed when using observation which includes determining what to observe and how to record the data, such as with observation guides, checklists, or recording devices.
This document discusses the nature and scope of research. It begins by having students define what research is and why it is carried out. Their responses indicate that research critically evaluates problems, aims to increase understanding through structured investigation, and makes findings available publicly. Research is also done to solve problems, verify theories, and gain new insights objectively.
The document then outlines the basic components of research, including observing a phenomenon, asking questions about it, and considering hypotheses to explain it. It compares scientific research, which is organized, structured, methodical and systematic, to everyday life research. Finally, it discusses the differences between types of research like applied, practical, basic/theoretical research and provides examples.
The document discusses key concepts related to formulating and testing hypotheses, including:
- Null and alternative hypotheses, which are mutually exclusive statements tested through sample analysis.
- Type I and Type II errors that can occur when making decisions to accept or reject the null hypothesis.
- The level of significance, critical region, and test statistics used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
- The differences between one-tailed and two-tailed tests, parametric vs. non-parametric tests, and one-sample vs. two-sample tests.
This document outlines different types of educational research, including quantitative and qualitative traditions. Quantitative research can be experimental, involving manipulation of factors, or nonexperimental through descriptive, comparative or correlational methods. Qualitative research involves phenomenological studies, ethnography, grounded theory or case studies. There are also four categories of educational research: basic, applied, action, and evaluation research. The document also defines key research variables and outlines the typical format for reporting research findings.
The document discusses the role of teachers as counselors. It defines counselling as a learning process where a counselor helps facilitate personal growth and positive change through self-understanding. A counselor is trained to give guidance on personal or psychological problems. The roles of a counselor include establishing rapport, conducting individual and group counselling, and helping students understand themselves and maximize their potential. As counselors, teachers collect students' information, identify problems, help students adjust and solve learning problems, assist with decision making and refer students to school counselors when needed. Teachers work cooperatively with counselors and parents in their role as student counselors.
The document outlines the major and minor objectives of research. The major objectives are to gain new insights into phenomena, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine the frequency of occurrences, discover truths and facts, and test hypotheses of relationships between variables. The minor objectives are to seek knowledge, find solutions to problems through systematic methods, gain research degrees and benefits, face challenges, and be of service to society.
This document discusses human rights education in India. It defines human rights as protections for individuals against interference with fundamental freedoms and dignity. It explains that human rights education aims to enhance knowledge of rights, foster tolerance, and develop skills to protect rights. The curriculum focuses on history, geography, civics, economics, and science to teach about rights. Teaching methods include discussion, projects, and celebrating rights-related days. The Indian constitution and education policy outline provisions for protecting rights.
This document discusses research methodology. It defines research and describes key aspects of conducting research including defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. It also discusses different types of research based on their application, objectives, and inquiry mode. Finally, it outlines important qualities of a good researcher including having an analytical mind, being able to engage people, and staying calm under pressure.
This document discusses different types of research categorized by purpose, process, and outcome. There are four types of research defined by purpose: descriptive research involves fact-finding without variable control; analytical research analyzes phenomena through secondary data; exploratory research gains insights in preliminary stages; predictive research determines frequency or association. Qualitative research uses words and explores perspectives while quantitative research uses numbers and measurement. Applied research solves practical problems while fundamental research formulates theory without immediate application.
This document discusses research methodology and the concept of hypotheses. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative statement about a problem's solution that can be empirically tested. The document outlines the key characteristics of hypotheses, including that they are conceptual, declarative statements that reference empirical variables and have a future orientation toward verification. Hypotheses are important as they focus research, guide the investigator, and prevent blind searches for data. Different types of hypotheses are discussed, including question, declarative statement, directional statement, and null forms.
Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research
The document outlines the top 10 qualities of good research according to Dr. Neetu Sharma. Good research is defined as a process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to answer questions or solve problems. Some key qualities are that good research builds upon previous work, can be replicated, addresses real-world problems, clearly defines variables or constructs, and produces results that are valid, verifiable, and generate new questions for future research. The researcher should also be sincerely interested in the topic studied.
This document discusses research methods and methodologies. It defines research methods as how to accomplish research tasks through procedures to initiate, carry out, and complete projects. Research methodology provides principles for organizing, planning, designing, and conducting research. The document then outlines different types of studies including deductive vs inductive, exploratory vs explanatory, descriptive vs analytical, basic vs applied, quantitative vs qualitative, one-time vs longitudinal, laboratory vs on-field, and test vs diagnostic research. It concludes by listing characteristics of good business research such as having a clearly defined purpose, detailed research process, thorough planning, high ethics, limitations revealed, adequate analysis, unambiguous findings, and justified conclusions.
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Observation is a primary data collection method that involves recognizing and noting facts or occurrences without asking questions. It can be used to study things like sales techniques, customer movements, and brand preferences. Some advantages are that it can be used regardless of willingness to report and with those unable to respond, like infants. Limitations include only being able to observe current behaviors, not attitudes or opinions, and it being slow for large groups. There are structured and unstructured, disguised and undisguised, and direct and indirect observation methods.
Indian higher education system, growth and regulatory bodies, Governance and role of Vice chancellors, Autonomy, University industry linkage,problems and lacunae of Indian Higher education .
Researchers face several problems including a lack of time and money, lack of computerization of data, and lack of confidence from business units in sharing information. Additionally, poor library management can waste a researcher's time finding relevant materials. Researchers also struggle with distance from primary data sources and a lack of scientific training in research methodology. Timely access to published data and complete library collections can also pose issues.
National Education Policy 2020: An OverviewAmita Bhardwaj
The National Education Policy 2020 aims to transform India's education system by 2040. Some key highlights include:
1. A new pedagogical structure of 5+3+3+4 replacing the 10+2 structure, with early childhood care from age 3.
2. Achieving universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary schools by 2025 through a National Mission.
3. Reducing separation between curricular, extra-curricular and vocational streams, with flexibility and holistic learning.
4. Mother tongue/local language as medium of instruction till at least Grade 5 and preferably till Grade 8.
The new panchasheel.note for sndt b.ed studentmubashshera
The document outlines Dr. R.A Mashelkar's vision for India in the new millennium, which he calls the "New Panchasheel". It consists of five key areas of focus: 1) Child-centered education, 2) Women-centered society, 3) Human-centered development, 4) Knowledge-centered society, and 5) Innovation-centered India. The document discusses the current issues and challenges within each of these areas and provides suggestions for how to improve and make progress. The overall message is that by focusing on these five fundamentals and setting them right, India can achieve great success in the 21st century.
The document discusses observation as a research method for collecting data in behavioral science studies. It defines observation as systematically recording behaviors, objects, or occurrences without communicating with what is being observed. There are different types of observation including participant and non-participant, as well as direct and indirect observation. The advantages of observation are that it allows researchers to study natural behaviors without influencing participants. However, it also risks selective perception bias. Proper planning is needed when using observation which includes determining what to observe and how to record the data, such as with observation guides, checklists, or recording devices.
This document discusses the nature and scope of research. It begins by having students define what research is and why it is carried out. Their responses indicate that research critically evaluates problems, aims to increase understanding through structured investigation, and makes findings available publicly. Research is also done to solve problems, verify theories, and gain new insights objectively.
The document then outlines the basic components of research, including observing a phenomenon, asking questions about it, and considering hypotheses to explain it. It compares scientific research, which is organized, structured, methodical and systematic, to everyday life research. Finally, it discusses the differences between types of research like applied, practical, basic/theoretical research and provides examples.
The document discusses key concepts related to formulating and testing hypotheses, including:
- Null and alternative hypotheses, which are mutually exclusive statements tested through sample analysis.
- Type I and Type II errors that can occur when making decisions to accept or reject the null hypothesis.
- The level of significance, critical region, and test statistics used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
- The differences between one-tailed and two-tailed tests, parametric vs. non-parametric tests, and one-sample vs. two-sample tests.
This document outlines different types of educational research, including quantitative and qualitative traditions. Quantitative research can be experimental, involving manipulation of factors, or nonexperimental through descriptive, comparative or correlational methods. Qualitative research involves phenomenological studies, ethnography, grounded theory or case studies. There are also four categories of educational research: basic, applied, action, and evaluation research. The document also defines key research variables and outlines the typical format for reporting research findings.
The document discusses the role of teachers as counselors. It defines counselling as a learning process where a counselor helps facilitate personal growth and positive change through self-understanding. A counselor is trained to give guidance on personal or psychological problems. The roles of a counselor include establishing rapport, conducting individual and group counselling, and helping students understand themselves and maximize their potential. As counselors, teachers collect students' information, identify problems, help students adjust and solve learning problems, assist with decision making and refer students to school counselors when needed. Teachers work cooperatively with counselors and parents in their role as student counselors.
The document outlines the major and minor objectives of research. The major objectives are to gain new insights into phenomena, accurately portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine the frequency of occurrences, discover truths and facts, and test hypotheses of relationships between variables. The minor objectives are to seek knowledge, find solutions to problems through systematic methods, gain research degrees and benefits, face challenges, and be of service to society.
This document discusses human rights education in India. It defines human rights as protections for individuals against interference with fundamental freedoms and dignity. It explains that human rights education aims to enhance knowledge of rights, foster tolerance, and develop skills to protect rights. The curriculum focuses on history, geography, civics, economics, and science to teach about rights. Teaching methods include discussion, projects, and celebrating rights-related days. The Indian constitution and education policy outline provisions for protecting rights.
This document discusses research methodology. It defines research and describes key aspects of conducting research including defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. It also discusses different types of research based on their application, objectives, and inquiry mode. Finally, it outlines important qualities of a good researcher including having an analytical mind, being able to engage people, and staying calm under pressure.
The document discusses various types of research including applied research, basic research, correlational research, descriptive research, ethnographic research, experimental research, and exploratory research. Applied research seeks practical solutions to problems, while basic research expands knowledge without a direct application. Correlational research examines relationships between variables without determining cause and effect. Descriptive research provides accurate portrayals of characteristics, and ethnographic research involves in-depth study of cultures. Experimental research establishes cause-and-effect through controlled manipulation of variables.
This document summarizes key aspects of research methodology. It defines research and discusses the differences between thesis, dissertation, and different categories and types of research studies. It also outlines the procedural steps in research including problem selection, literature review, study design, data collection and analysis. Different research strategies and types of epidemiologic studies such as descriptive, analytical, case-control and cohort studies are described. Ethics in research are also briefly mentioned.
Research is the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possible control of events .
The document discusses the 9 worst mistakes managers can make with talented employees. These include overworking employees without increasing their status or compensation, failing to recognize contributions and reward good work, not caring about employees on a personal level, not honoring commitments, hiring and promoting the wrong people, not letting employees pursue their passions, failing to develop employees' skills, failing to engage employees' creativity, and failing to challenge employees intellectually. The document stresses that talented employees have many options and managers must treat them well in order to retain top talent.
The document is a newsletter from The Harrelson Center, a nonprofit that provides collaboration space for organizations serving people in need. It summarizes that their second annual fundraising event raised over $37,000, with thanks to sponsors and volunteers. It also mentions that a partner organization, A Safe Place, was able to expand their space at The Harrelson Center to serve more clients. Finally, it recognizes the executive director of another partner, Phillippians 3 Ministries, who received an award for her work.
Young people are calling for investment in youth services and affordable housing. Jeremiah Emmanuel argues that closing youth centers is letting young people down, as they need safe places to learn skills and have positive outlets. He notes cuts to youth mental health services. Poet says the lack of opportunities in some areas is creating resentment, and the gap between the "haves and have-nots" is large. Khevyn Ibrahim argues that so-called "affordable" housing is still out of many people's price range, and new developments are built for profit rather than affordability.
This document provides a statement of qualifications for the engineering firm Environmental-Water Resources Engineers & Scientists Group, PLLC (EWRES-Group, PLLC). EWRES-Group provides environmental and water resources engineering services, project management, and expert witness services. The document outlines the company's capabilities and services, leadership team, and key personnel and their qualifications and experience.
What drives our results? Personally, professionally, entrepreneurially, financially? What’s behind it? Being in THE ZONE.
When you are in THE ZONE you experience…
Inner certainty
The ability to remain calm and peaceful amidst change and chaos
Your choices seem effortless and easier to commit to
You see more angles and perspectives
You’re more present in the moment and enjoy it more fully
You don’t wait to be engaged; you choose how you want to lean in, engage and play full out
Isn’t this the experience you’ve been looking for?
Learn more at www.E3.solutions
This document outlines a public relations campaign plan for Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. It begins with an overview of the organization's history, values, services, leadership, competitors and current PR activities. The plan identifies the primary target audience as the PR staff and secondary audience as the local community. It states that while donations have decreased with the economy, millennials show a philanthropic mindset. The plan sets goals to create new university partnerships and increase donations by inspiring more college fundraising events like UGA's annual Miracle event that raised over $500,000. Objectives include expanding university partnerships from 3 to 6 schools and increasing donations from current schools by 25% by the end of the year.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed changes in bacterial and archaeal communities during thermophilic composting of cattle manure using PhyloChip microarray technology. Samples were collected from different areas of a compost pile based on age and temperature. Total DNA was extracted from the samples and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and hybridized to a PhyloChip array. Statistical analysis showed differences in microbial populations between raw manure samples and compost samples. During composting, archaeal phyla Thaumarchaeota and Thermoprotei and bacterial phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes increased in diversity. Ammonia-oxidizing and methanogenic microbes increased under thermophilic conditions. The
This document provides information on Rubaco SARL, a comprehensive drilling service provider in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It details Rubaco's background, strengths, and fleet of drilling rigs and equipment. The company offers a range of drilling services including mineral exploration, mining, water, geotechnical, and underground drilling. Rubaco has over 10 years of experience in Africa and aims to provide safe, efficient, and high-quality drilling services to meet customer needs.
This document introduces arguments and critical thinking. It defines an argument as a set of propositions where one is the conclusion and the others are premises intended to support the conclusion. Arguments can be identified by finding the conclusion and premises. The conclusion of one argument can also serve as a premise for another argument. Critical thinking is important for citizens to properly evaluate moral, social, economic and political issues and have good reasons for what they believe.
Este documento describe los principales géneros periodísticos, incluyendo informativos como la noticia y el reportaje, de opinión como el artículo y la editorial, y mixtos como la crónica y la entrevista de personalidad. Explica las características, funciones y estructuras de cada género.
Este documento resume las principales características de tres géneros literarios: la poesía lírica, la novela y el teatro. La poesía lírica se caracteriza por expresar sentimientos de forma subjetiva y breve, utilizando recursos estilísticos. La novela es una narración extensa y compleja que cuenta historias ficticias de personajes. El teatro presenta obras para ser representadas que se basan principalmente en diálogos entre personajes.
Este documento resume los principales movimientos y autores de la lírica española hasta 1939, incluyendo el Modernismo, la Generación del 98, el Noventismo, las Vanguardias, la Generación del 27 y Miguel Hernández. Cubre temas como el intimismo, la renovación formal, la preocupación por España, y la poesía de compromiso durante la Guerra Civil. Incluye ejemplos de obras y poemas representativos de cada autor y movimiento.
Rasgos del lenguaje periodístico presentaciónInma Villaverde
El documento describe las características generales del lenguaje periodístico, incluyendo su naturaleza unilateral dirigida a un público colectivo y anónimo. También discute rasgos específicos del lenguaje en textos informativos como la objetividad y claridad, y en géneros de opinión como la subjetividad y variedad estilística. Por último, analiza características comunes en titulares periodísticos como su extensión y nivel de objetividad o subjetividad.
Providing effective training for club leaders is critical to creating a successful club. When club officers are well-trained to perform their duties, club members are better served. This makes the member experience more positive, which leads to a quality club experience and increased member retention. Without properly trained leaders at every level, districts and clubs cannot meet members' needs or introduce the benefits of Toastmasters to others. This presentation was created by District 1 to train club officers. Learn more at www.E3.solutions
1. WELCOME TO ALL
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
BY
R. DEEPA M.PHIL(EDUCATION)
NKT NATIONAL COLLEGE FOR
WOMEN
CHENNAI
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
2. ஆயவ எனபத
எனன?
*ேதடதல்.
*எேதனம் ஒனைற மிகக கவனதேதோட ேதடவத.
*கணட பிடபபத.
*ெதோிநத ெகோளவத.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL COLLEGE
OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN CHENNAI.
3. ஆயவின் ேதைவ
(need of the research)
கறறத ைகமண் அளவ கலலோதத உலகளவ எனபத
ேபோல்.
படககபபடோத பககஙகைள ேபோல.
இனைறய பதித, நோைளய பைழயத எனபத ேபோல.
ஒவெவோர தைறயிலம் பதியைவகைள அதன்
வளரசசிகக ேதைவெயன ஆயவ ேதைவபபடகிறத.
உ-மோ:
சநைத ஆரோயசசி(market research).
(சநைதைய பறறி ஆரோயவத)
கலவி அரோயசசி (education research)
(கலவிைய பறறி ஆரோயவத.)
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
4. கலவி ஆரோயசசி
(research in education)
கலவி ெதோடரபோன விஷயஙகைள மைறபடட
அறிவியல் மைறயில் அணகம் ெசயேல கலவி
ஆரோயசசி.
கலவி ெகோளைககள்,ெசயலகள் ேபோனறவறறில்
சிறபப அறிவ ெபறதல்.
கலவியியல் ேதோடரபோன பிரசசிைனகள் மறறம்
அதன் தீரவகைள கோண மடயம்.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
5. ஆயவ திடடம்
(the research proposal)
ஆயவின் கறிகேகோள்
ெதளிவோனதோக,திடடவடடமோனதோக இரகக
ேவணடம்.
தீரவ கோண விரமபம் (அ) கணடறியப் பட
ேவணடய சிககலன் உடபகதிகள்
வைரயறககபபட ேவணடம்.
ஆயைவ எபபட அைடவத ? எனன
மைறயில் எனற அதன் பட நிைலகள் (அயவ
வடவைமபப) தீரமோனிககபபட ேவணடம்.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
6. ஆயவ திடடதின் வடவம்
ஆயவ தைலபப.
ஆயவின் கறிகோகோள்(objective) .
ஆயவ வினோககள் (questioning).
ஆயவ கரவிகள் (tools).
ெசயல் மைற
அ. பளளிவிவரம்,
ஆ.தகவலகள் திரடடதல்.
ஆயவ ெதோடரபோன தகவலகள். (references).
பததகஙகள்,அயவ கடடைரகள்.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
13. ஆயவியல் மைறகள்
ஓர ஆயவாளன் எலலா ஆயவியல்
மைறகைளயம் அறிநத ைவததிரததல் ேவணடம்.
உ-மா:
- வரலாறற அணகமைற (historical approach).
- வரணைன மைற (discriptive approach) .
- பாிேசாதைன மைற (experimental approach) .
- தததவ அணக மைற (philosophical approach).
இதில் ஏதாவத ஓர மைறயில் தம் ஆயைவ அணகலாம்.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
14. ஆயவ கரவிகள் ேதரநெதடததல்
(selection of tools)
ஆயவகேகறறவாற ஆயவ கரவிகைள ேதரநெதடதத அதன் மலம்
தகவலகைள ெபறம் மைற.
உ-மா:
- ஓர ெசயைல உறற ேநாககவத(observation).
- ேநரகாணல் நடததவத(interview).
- வினாபபடடயல் மலம் தகவலகைள
ெபறவத(questionaire).
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
15. ஆயவ ேசாதைன(test)
ேசகாிதத விவரஙகைள தம் ஆயவகக ேதைவயான ஓர (அறிவியல்) ேசாதைன மலம்
ெசயவேத ஆயவ ேசாதைன எனபபடம்.
உ-மா:
- T-Test (இரணட சராசாிகைள ஒபபிட).
- F-Test (இரணடகக ேமறபடட சராசாிகைள ஒபபிட).
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
(மாறபாடட பரவறபட ஆயவ)
இரணட அலலத அதறக ேமறபடட கறகளின் சராசாிகள் சமமாக உளளதா இலைலயா
என நிரணயம் ெசயய ANOVA test.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
16. -one way ANOVA
- factorial ANOVA
-MANOVA test.
-MANCOVA test.
ஆகிய மைறகளில் தம் ஆயவகக ேதைவயான
ஏேதனம் ஒர மைறயில் ஆயவ ேசாதைன ேமறேகாளள
ேவணடம்.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.
17. Conclusion,finding and
recommendations.
- ஆயவின் மடவ பட உணைம நிைலகள் கணடறியபபடட
ஒபபிடப் படதல்.
- கணட பிடபபகள் .
- அதன் பாிநதைரகள் என ஒர் ஆயவ அறிவியல்
மைறயில் மழைம ெபறேவணடம்.
R.Deepa .,Mphil (edu) NKT NATIONAL
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN
CHENNAI.