`deep' semantics in the geosciences: semantic building blocks for a complete geoscience infrastructure
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In the geosciences, the ontologies available are typically narrowly focused structures fit for single purpose use. In this paper we discuss why this might be, with the conclusion that it is not sufficient to use semantics simply to provide categorical labels for instances—because of the interpretive and uncertain nature of geoscience, researchers need to understand how a conclusion has been reached in order to have any confidence in adopting it. Thus ontologies must address the epistemological questions of how (and possibly why) something is ‘known’. We provide a longer justification for this argument, make a case for capturing and representing these deep semantics, provide examples in specific geoscience domains and briefly touch on a visualisation program called Alfred that we have developed to allow researchers to explore the different facets of ontology that can support them applying value judgements to the interpretation of geological entities.
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@inproceedings {gch.20161407,
booktitle = {Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage},
editor = {Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca},
title = {{GRAVITATE: Geometric and Semantic Matching for Cultural Heritage Artefacts}},
author = {Phillips, Stephen C. and Walland, Paul W. and Modafferi, Stefano and Dorst, Leo and Spagnuolo, Michela and Catalano, Chiara Eva and Oldman, Dominic and Tal, Ayellet and Shimshoni, Ilan and Hermon, Sorin},
year = {2016},
publisher = {The Eurographics Association},
ISSN = {2312-6124},
ISBN = {978-3-03868-011-6},
DOI = {10.2312/gch.20161407}
http://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/gch20161407
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The University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Penglais, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, UK
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URL: https://www.springerprofessional.de/citizen-science-involving-collections-of-standardized-community-/12355456
Werner Leyh1, Maria Fava2, Narumi Abe2, Sandra Cavalcante3,
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Homero Fonseca Filho4, and Clemens Jacobs5
1 Department of Computer Science,
University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
WernerLeyh@yahoo.com
2 São Carlos School of Engineering,
University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
mfava7@gmail.com, mail.narumi@gmail.com
3 Department of Environmental Health,
University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
sandracavalcante@uol.com.br, lgiatti@usp.br,
carvalhocm@gmail.com
4 Environmental Management, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities,
University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
homeroff@usp.br
5 GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University,
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c.jacobs@uni-heidelberg.de
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@inproceedings {gch.20161407,
booktitle = {Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage},
editor = {Chiara Eva Catalano and Livio De Luca},
title = {{GRAVITATE: Geometric and Semantic Matching for Cultural Heritage Artefacts}},
author = {Phillips, Stephen C. and Walland, Paul W. and Modafferi, Stefano and Dorst, Leo and Spagnuolo, Michela and Catalano, Chiara Eva and Oldman, Dominic and Tal, Ayellet and Shimshoni, Ilan and Hermon, Sorin},
year = {2016},
publisher = {The Eurographics Association},
ISSN = {2312-6124},
ISBN = {978-3-03868-011-6},
DOI = {10.2312/gch.20161407}
http://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/gch20161407
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Slide 13: "Ontologies in a data-driven world." Montana State University Computer Science Department, March 3, 2014.
Slide 44: "Towards ontology patterns for ocean science repository integration", Ontology Summit 2014, Ontolog online session January 2014.
Slide 82: OceanLink: Using Patterns for Discovery in EarthCube, GeoVoCampSB2014, Santa Barbara, March, 2014
Slide 118: "Ontologies in a data driven world," IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, January 2014.
Keith_May_S12_CAA2023_Amsterdam.pptx
This paper was presented at the Computer Applications in Archaeology 2023 conference in Amsterdam. The slides present work undertaken by The Matrix project [AH/T002093/1] which has addressed some of the current problems caused by the lack of standardized approaches to analysis and digital archives of archaeological stratigraphic and phasing data.
The Matrix project (AHRC AH/T002093/1) investigated how digital data from archaeological excavations can be made more consistent and useful thereby more interesting and cost-effective to a range of users and audiences. It is working towards a shared plan and methods to get such data more consistently recorded, analysed, disseminated and archived in a way that is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-useable (FAIR).
The Matrix project had four key areas of activity:
1) Digital Standards
2) Characteristics of digital Heritage Data
3) Stratigraphy Standards
4) Research Tools
Fois2010 final
This document proposes a process-centric ontological approach to integrate geo-sensor data by relating observed properties to underlying geo-processes. It aligns the DOLCE foundational ontology with concepts from surface hydrology to develop an ontology of hydrological processes and their participants. This allows semantic integration of sensor data by resolving naming ambiguities and enabling process-based retrieval of observations through participation and property relations. Further work is needed to clarify the bearers of qualities and specify participant roles.
Towards OWL-based Knowledge Representation in Petrology
The document describes efforts to formalize knowledge in petrology using ontologies. It discusses formalizing facts from databases into sentences in a controlled natural language and then translating those sentences into OWL ontologies. It also discusses developing a definition concentrator ontology to gather and formalize definitions of petrological terms from various sources. The goal is to build a formal theory of petrology through precisely defining concepts and stating relationships between them.
Tectonic Storytelling with Open Source and Digital Object Identifiers - a cas...
The communication of advances in research to the common public for both education and decision making is an important aspect of scientific work. An even more crucial task is to gain recognition within the scientific community,
which is judged by impact factor and citation counts. Recently, the latter concepts have been extended from
textual publications to include data and software publications.
This paper presents a case study for science communication and data citation. For this, tectonic models, Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), best practices for data citation and a multimedia online-portal for scientific content
are combined. This approach creates mutual benefits for the stakeholders: Target audiences receive information on
the latest research results, while the use of Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) increases the recognition and citation of
underlying scientific data. This creates favourable conditions for every researcher as DOI names ensure citeability and long term availability of scientific research.
In the developed application, the FOSS tool for tectonic modelling GPlates is used to visualise and manipulate
plate-tectonic reconstructions and associated data through geological time. These capabilities are augmented by the Science on a Halfsphere project (SoaH) with a robust and intuitive visualisation hardware environment.
The tectonic models used for science communication are provided by the AGH University of Science and Technology.
They focus on the Silurian to Early Carboniferous evolution of Central Europe (Bohemian Massif) and were
interpreted for the area of the Geopark Bergstraße Odenwald based on the GPlates/SoaH hardware- and software stack.
As scientific story-telling is volatile by nature, recordings are a natural means of preservation for further use, reference and analysis. For this, the upcoming portal for audiovisual media of the German National Library of Science and Technology TIB is expected to become a critical service infrastructure. It allows complex search queries, including metadata such as DOI and media fragment identifiers (MFI), thereby linking data citation and science
communication.
The electroniorg10.1098uk.Author for cReceived .docx
The electroni
org/10.1098/
uk.
*Author for c
Received 19 A
Accepted 9 M
An ontology of scientific experiments
Larisa N. Soldatova* and Ross D. King
The University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Penglais, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, UK
The formal description of experiments for efficient analysis, annotation and sharing of results
is a fundamental part of the practice of science. Ontologies are required to achieve this
objective. A few subject-specific ontologies of experiments currently exist. However, despite
the unity of scientific experimentation, no general ontology of experiments exists. We
propose the ontology EXPO to meet this need. EXPO links the SUMO (the Suggested Upper
Merged Ontology) with subject-specific ontologies of experiments by formalizing the generic
concepts of experimental design, methodology and results representation. EXPO is expressed
in the W3C standard ontology language OWL-DL. We demonstrate the utility of EXPO and
its ability to describe different experimental domains, by applying it to two experiments: one
in high-energy physics and the other in phylogenetics. The use of EXPO made the goals and
structure of these experiments more explicit, revealed ambiguities, and highlighted an
unexpected similarity. We conclude that, EXPO is of general value in describing experiments
and a step towards the formalization of science.
Keywords: ontology; formalization; annotation; artificial intelligence; metadata
1. INTRODUCTION
A fundamental part of scientific practice is to increase
our knowledge of the world through the performance of
experiments. This knowledge should, ideally, be
expressed in a formal logical language. To quote the
Encyclopaedia Britannica, ‘most analytical philoso-
phers of science have explicitly based their program on
a presupposition inherited from Descartes and Plato,
viz. that the intellectual content of any natural science
can be expressed in a formal propositional system,
having a definite, essential logical structure’ (Toulmin
2004). It is possible to quibble with the restriction to
propositional systems, but the desirability of the use of
formal languages is rarely disputed in the philosophy of
science. Formal languages promote semantic clarity,
which in turn supports the free exchange of scientific
knowledge and simplifies scientific reasoning (Curd &
Cover 1988).
Now, at the beginning of the twenty-first century,
the formalization of scientific knowledge is no longer
just a philosophical desirable, it is becoming a
technological necessity. In all areas of science there is
ever more information to assimilate and, in some fields,
this increase in information has become a ‘deluge’
(Hey & Trefethon 2003). The result is that science
increasingly depends on computers to store, integrate
and analyse data. The full power of computers—which
originated as a spin-off from the formalization of
mathematics (Turing 1936)—can only be efficiently
c supplementary material is available at http://dx.doi.
rsif.2006.0134 or ...
Citizen Science Involving Collections of Standardized Community Data
Abstract. The interest of “Citizen Scientists” in their local environment is
potentially of great value because they can assist in supplying essential “Environmental
Knowledge” in an efficient and cost-effective way. This is particularly
the case when “Volunteered Data” is registered in a standardized manner,
interoperable with the data created by official institutions. The present work
incorporates OpenStreetMap (OSM) and broadly accepted metadata-standards,
that are controlled by scientific communities, to include the use of standardized
interfaces for volunteered data contributions. An essential requirement for citizen
science to operate, is the participation of the people. Spatial cognition is concerned
with the acquisition, organization, employment, and examination of
“knowledge about spatial environments”. By this means “knowledge about
spatial environments” is related to geographic proximity. Both OSM and metadata
standards explore recent technologies for “Semantic Web” (SW) and
“Linked Open Data” (LOD) enablement. The present study discusses the challenges
and effects of standardized community contributions.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60642-2_39
URL: https://www.springerprofessional.de/citizen-science-involving-collections-of-standardized-community-/12355456
Werner Leyh1, Maria Fava2, Narumi Abe2, Sandra Cavalcante3,
Leandro Giatti3, Carolina Monteiro de Carvalho3,
Homero Fonseca Filho4, and Clemens Jacobs5
1 Department of Computer Science,
University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
WernerLeyh@yahoo.com
2 São Carlos School of Engineering,
University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
mfava7@gmail.com, mail.narumi@gmail.com
3 Department of Environmental Health,
University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
sandracavalcante@uol.com.br, lgiatti@usp.br,
carvalhocm@gmail.com
4 Environmental Management, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities,
University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
homeroff@usp.br
5 GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University,
Heidelberg, Germany
c.jacobs@uni-heidelberg.de
The interplay between data-driven and theory-driven methods for chemical scie...
The 1st International Symposium on Human InformatiX
X-Dimensional Human Informatics and Biology
ATR, Kyoto, February 27-28, 2020
https://human-informatix.atr.jp
Space-Time in the Matrix and Uses of Allen Temporal Operators for Stratigraph...
This document discusses using Allen temporal operators to model stratigraphic relationships in archaeological analysis. It summarizes the key temporal relationships identified by Allen that are useful for modeling stratigraphy, including before, meets, overlaps, during, starts and finishes. The document also discusses issues with inconsistent standards for digitally archiving stratigraphic data and relationships, and the need for standards to make this fundamental archaeological data more reusable. Finally, it calls for international conventions on stratigraphic recording and analysis to facilitate understanding and communication across disciplines.
Multidimensional access methods
This document provides an overview of multidimensional access methods for spatial databases. It discusses how spatial data has complex structures and is often dynamic, with large volumes. Specialized indexing is needed to support common spatial queries like point queries and region queries that search for objects within a given point or region. The document surveys both point access methods for searching point data and spatial access methods for extended objects like rectangles or polyhedra. It concludes by discussing theoretical and experimental performance analyses of different access methods.
A Contextualized Knowledge Repository for Open Data about Trentino
The document describes a Contextualized Knowledge Repository (CKR) framework for representing and reasoning with contextual knowledge on the Semantic Web. It discusses the need to make context explicit in the Semantic Web in order to represent knowledge that holds in specific contextual spaces like time, location, or topic. The CKR is presented as a formalism based on description logics that defines contexts as first-class objects and allows associating knowledge with contexts. It describes a prototype CKR implementation and outlines how a CKR could be used to represent open data about the Trentino region with contextual metadata.
2 What Is Science?
Big Questions in Science series, (2 of 9). Class taught at AUC (University of Amsterdam) during the 2012-2013 fall semester.
As we may link: a model to support aggregated scientific knowledge
Today, researchers are bogged down by continually growing amount of complex and diverse scientific knowledge, fragmented and dispersed among various disciplines, communities and information resources. Contemporary digital tools are efficient in dealing with complexity and diversity of scientific knowledge and the process of science, but they have compartmentalized scientific knowledge among various disparate and disconnected systems. For example, databases are used to structure data to facilitate its easy retrieval; workflows are used to represent the process of experiments; analytical tools are used to support analyzing data and visualization tools to visualize data and results to gain better understanding. However, they rarely connect or join together to synthesize an integrated view. Our digital knowledge ecosystem is siloed and poses a challenge for researchers to search, comprehend and reproduce scientific experiments.
Vannevar Bush, in his article ‘As we may think’, discussed the huge data and information deluge and the challenge brought by the fragmentary nature of scientific knowledge. He proposed an imaginary machine – Memex – that could tie knowledge records in a mesh of associative trails, which can be reviewed and consulted as a form of graph search. This talk will discuss a model that adopts Bush’s associationist view to integrate scientific knowledge. Categories are commonly used in databases (in the form of logical schema) and ontologies (as concepts and properties), but often these artifacts are disconnected from eachother. The proposed model connects categories, along with their process of construction and evolution, with a database and ontology via tools that support their evolution. Connecting these knowledge artifacts (via their digital tools) explicitly not only provides an integrated view, but may also be capitalized to support mediation among these artifacts and keeping them consistent with new conceptualization. Such mediation among scientific artifacts will reconnect the computationally enabled science and the knowledge underpinning it.
Chapter 5 theory and methodology
This document provides an overview of theoretical perspectives and methodologies used in learning design research. It discusses how researchers come from a variety of disciplines including education, computer science, psychology, and more. Common theoretical perspectives discussed include sociocultural theories like cultural historical activity theory, communities of practice, and actor network theory. Methodologies used include qualitative approaches like ethnography, case studies, and action research as well as quantitative content analysis and evaluation. The relationship between theories, methods, and different epistemological stances is also examined.
Representing and Reasoning about Geographic Occurrences in the Sensor Web
Observations are fed into the Sensor Web through a growing number of environmental sensors, including technical and human observers. While a wealth of observations is now accessible, there is still a gap between low-level observations and the high-level descriptive information they reflect. For example, we may ask what the measurements mean when a weather buoy provides a temperature time series. The challenge is not to gather a vast number of observations, but rather to make sense of them in environmental monitoring and decision making.
In order to infer meaningful information about occurrences from observations, a description of how one gets from the former to information about the latter must be expressed. This thesis develops an ontology to formally capture the relationships between geographic occurrences and the properties observed by in situ sensors. Building upon the existing positions on experiential and historical perspectives, stimulus-centric sensing, event-process algebra and thematic roles, the ontology elucidates the key concepts associated with geographic occurrences that are particularly significant from a sensing point of view. A use case for reasoning about blizzards and their temporal parts from real time series supplied by the Environment Canada illustrates the ontological approach. This thesis evaluates its findings on the basis of a comparison with an alternative approach in the Sensor Web, a verification of the use case results using an official event report published by the weather agency and an analytical assessment approached from the system development perspective.
The theoretical contribution of the thesis lies in the development of a formal model, which constitutes common building blocks for constructing application ontologies that account for inferences of geographic events from observations. With regards to its practical contribution, the thesis has demonstrated how ontological vocabularies are exploited with reasoning mechanisms to infer information about events, and to formulate symbolic spatio-temporal queries.
Metadata for digital long-term preservation
Presentation given at the Max Planck Gesellschaft eScience Seminar 2008: Aspects of long-term archiving, hosted by the Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung mbh Göttingen (GWDG), Göttingen, Germany, 19-20 June 2008
Similar to `deep' semantics in the geosciences: semantic building blocks for a complete geoscience infrastructure (20)
An Open and Shut Case? Shared Standards for Stratigraphic Data and Heritage L...
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Learning Interactions Across Spaces: a Framework for Contextualised Multimoda...
Learning Interactions Across Spaces: a Framework for Contextualised Multimoda...
GRAVITATE:Geometric and Semantic Matching for Cultural Heritage Artefacts
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EarthCube's OceanLink - Project Overview and Presentation Updates (March 2014)
EarthCube's OceanLink - Project Overview and Presentation Updates (March 2014)
Towards OWL-based Knowledge Representation in Petrology
Towards OWL-based Knowledge Representation in Petrology
Tectonic Storytelling with Open Source and Digital Object Identifiers - a cas...
Tectonic Storytelling with Open Source and Digital Object Identifiers - a cas...
The electroniorg10.1098uk.Author for cReceived .docx
The electroniorg10.1098uk.Author for cReceived .docx
Citizen Science Involving Collections of Standardized Community Data
Citizen Science Involving Collections of Standardized Community Data
The interplay between data-driven and theory-driven methods for chemical scie...
The interplay between data-driven and theory-driven methods for chemical scie...
Space-Time in the Matrix and Uses of Allen Temporal Operators for Stratigraph...
Space-Time in the Matrix and Uses of Allen Temporal Operators for Stratigraph...
A Contextualized Knowledge Repository for Open Data about Trentino
A Contextualized Knowledge Repository for Open Data about Trentino
As we may link: a model to support aggregated scientific knowledge
As we may link: a model to support aggregated scientific knowledge
Representing and Reasoning about Geographic Occurrences in the Sensor Web
Representing and Reasoning about Geographic Occurrences in the Sensor Web
Recently uploaded
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
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Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
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Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
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SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
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1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
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`deep' semantics in the geosciences: semantic building blocks for a complete geoscience infrastructure
- 1. deep semantics in the geosciences: semantic building blocks for a complete geoscience infrastructure Brandon Whitehead and Mark Gahegan Centre for eResearch The University of Auckland 8th Australasian Ontology Workshop 20120412
- 2. outline 1. geoscience background 2. what is deep semantics 3. ontologies created and the creation process 4. two examples of use 5. future work 2
- 4. representing observations as data
- 5. 5
- 6. 6
- 7. d 7
- 9. 9 P E/SH Ruling hypothesis Mul0ple sequen0al hypotheses Mul0ple parallel hypotheses Composite hypotheses P P H1 R H2 H3 H4 R R E/S H1 H2 H3 H4 R R R E/S P H2 H3 H4 E/S H1 R H2 + H3 + H4 paths to explana7on (Schumm, 1991)
- 10. a case for deep semantics In the geosciences, it is not only important to capture and formalise what is known, but how it is known. deep- as in deeply examining the conceptual structure and complexities of the domain in order to provide enough specificity in the concepts and relations that they are useful terms to differentiate complex but real situations (as they are found in research artefacts). 10
- 11. workshop | Subject Matter Expert (SME)
- 12. An initial set of terms collected from source materials were used to spark discussion throughout the knowledge acquisition exercise
- 13. Experts work together to disambiguate conceptual semantics
- 16. possible states of a basin
- 17. Concepts and relationships are codified using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) which allows for a semantic relationship to other concept spaces and description frameworks used in the domain
- 18. other semantic facets 1. Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) schema 18
- 21. other semantic facets 1. Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) schema 2. task ontology -includes observations, methods and processes like data collection, data manipulation, statistical methods, etc. 3. World Oil and Gas ontology -from World Oil and Gas Atlas (Guoyo, 2010) 4. Oilfield glossary -Schlumberger online glossary of terms 21
- 22. We now have a codified, formal representation of concepts relevant facets related to basin characterisation and reservoir analysis. …now what do we do with it?
- 23. The ontology is used to identify semantic connections in research artefacts (i.e., document collections)
- 24. Conceptual neighbourhood of an artefact ConceptVista, Gahegan et al.
- 25. Geographical neighbourhood of an artefact, or set of artefacts Looking for a location mentioned in a document? And the resources near it?
- 26. The geographic extent of an artefact coordinated with the highlighting of recognised concepts
- 27. two quick examples -Alfred as a visual environment -completely transparent and customisable 27
- 28. Adam Jones
- 29. Adam Jones
- 30. Danny Carey
- 31. 31
- 32. 32
- 33. 33
- 34. Future work • Can geologic analogs be mined from artefact collections? • How can large collections be tagged effectively? • What concepts are needed to extend the spectrum from very high level ontological components (DOLCE) and concepts to those found in published materials? • Interface (complexity, fluidity, etc.)
- 35. Fín