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Optimization at Alibaba
Zhenliang Zhang
iDST at Alibaba
Alibaba Ecosystem
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Optimization Problems Found Everywhere
Data Center
Optimization
Resource
Optimization
Large-scale
Nonconvex
Optimization
E-commerce Logistics Smart City Digital Entertainment
Computing
Infrastructure
Computing
Platform
Machine Learning
Platform
Business
E-commerce
• Connecting consumers with sellers/products
– Efficiency is the key of any e-commerce platform
– Alibaba: 0.5 Bn users, 1 Bn products, GMV 459Bn
• Two key problems
– Prediction: accurately predict users' needs
– Matching: effectively match users' needs with products
Predicting User Needs
Trans.
Behavior
LBS
User Profiles
Real-time data Contextual data
Prediction
Effectively Matching User Needs
Ease case: supplies ³ demands
• A simple greedy matching works best
• Match each user with the best prediction
Difficult case: supplies < demands
• How to decide which users will get which items ?
• Greedy algorithm does not work, leading to assignment problem
Effectively Matching User Needs
Assignment Problem
• Given a bipartite graph
– m agents & n tasks
– An award ci,j is given when agent i is
assigned to perform task j
• Optimal task assignment
– Goal: maximize overall awards
– Constraints: each agent/task can be
assigned to a limited number of
tasks/agents
0.8
0.1
ci,j
Applications in Alibaba
• Online advertisement
– Match users with different ads
– Awards: the number of clicks
– Constraints: budgeted number of
impressions for individual ads
• Significance of optimization
– Improved revenue by ~50 m RMB per
day
Users Ads
Ask-All ( LM)
Background
• Allow customers to raise questions about products
before making purchases
• System distributes questions to users who could
provide answers within an hour
Goal
• Maximize the number of questions answered
Constraints
• For better experience, each user will only be asked
for a small number of questions QuestionsUsers
Example of Ask-All
• Mobile message push
• Online traffic allocation
• Online distribution of coupons
• Stock aware online recommendation
• Online assignment of delivery requests
• …
Other Applications in Alibaba
Cloud Computing
• The largest cloud computing company in China
– 1Million users, ~100% YoY revenue growth
• Need to improve resource management
– Reliability: service-level agreement
– Pricing & cost reduction
Computing Infrastructure at Alibaba
• 6 data centers in mainland China
• 8 data centers globally, 3 more are coming
• Power management
– US data centers consumed ~70
billion kilowatt-hours of electricity
• Network planning
– Minimize the latency
Example: Scheduling Problem
• Online multi-resource allocation problem, e.g. CPU, Mem, Disk
• Generally NP hard
• Need to make online decision
Compute
Resources
Scheduler Pending Jobs
Example: Traffic Balancing
• Assign projects to clusters with minimal cost
– Dependent projects need to communicate,
– But traffic between clusters are expensive
• Constraints
– Network band restriction
– Some project migration are infeasible
Logistics in Alibaba
• Cainiao network
– 80 major warehouse networks, 4000 Cainiao partners
– 0.5 Bn parcels/day, next day delivery service in 150 cities
• Key areas
Supply chain Warehouse
management
Transportation
management
Applications of Optimization in Logistics
• 3D bin packing
– Find smallest number of boxes to
include all items from an order
• Warehouse management
– New retailer Hema
• Vehicle route planning
– Planning for order pickup
– Planning for delivery service
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Focus of Our Team
Optimization at Alibaba
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Deep learning optimization at alibaba by zhenliang zhang from Alibaba

  • 1.
  • 2. Optimization at Alibaba Zhenliang Zhang iDST at Alibaba
  • 3. Alibaba Ecosystem - -- -- $ - - D F ) F 1B F B DB: EE B 1 DH DBH DE F ( F DF F ,B EF E -B DBIE D ,B F B E1B -
  • 4. Optimization Problems Found Everywhere Data Center Optimization Resource Optimization Large-scale Nonconvex Optimization E-commerce Logistics Smart City Digital Entertainment Computing Infrastructure Computing Platform Machine Learning Platform Business
  • 5. E-commerce • Connecting consumers with sellers/products – Efficiency is the key of any e-commerce platform – Alibaba: 0.5 Bn users, 1 Bn products, GMV 459Bn • Two key problems – Prediction: accurately predict users' needs – Matching: effectively match users' needs with products
  • 6. Predicting User Needs Trans. Behavior LBS User Profiles Real-time data Contextual data Prediction
  • 7. Effectively Matching User Needs Ease case: supplies ³ demands • A simple greedy matching works best • Match each user with the best prediction
  • 8. Difficult case: supplies < demands • How to decide which users will get which items ? • Greedy algorithm does not work, leading to assignment problem Effectively Matching User Needs
  • 9. Assignment Problem • Given a bipartite graph – m agents & n tasks – An award ci,j is given when agent i is assigned to perform task j • Optimal task assignment – Goal: maximize overall awards – Constraints: each agent/task can be assigned to a limited number of tasks/agents 0.8 0.1 ci,j
  • 10. Applications in Alibaba • Online advertisement – Match users with different ads – Awards: the number of clicks – Constraints: budgeted number of impressions for individual ads • Significance of optimization – Improved revenue by ~50 m RMB per day Users Ads
  • 11. Ask-All ( LM) Background • Allow customers to raise questions about products before making purchases • System distributes questions to users who could provide answers within an hour Goal • Maximize the number of questions answered Constraints • For better experience, each user will only be asked for a small number of questions QuestionsUsers
  • 13. • Mobile message push • Online traffic allocation • Online distribution of coupons • Stock aware online recommendation • Online assignment of delivery requests • … Other Applications in Alibaba
  • 14. Cloud Computing • The largest cloud computing company in China – 1Million users, ~100% YoY revenue growth • Need to improve resource management – Reliability: service-level agreement – Pricing & cost reduction
  • 15. Computing Infrastructure at Alibaba • 6 data centers in mainland China • 8 data centers globally, 3 more are coming • Power management – US data centers consumed ~70 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity • Network planning – Minimize the latency
  • 16. Example: Scheduling Problem • Online multi-resource allocation problem, e.g. CPU, Mem, Disk • Generally NP hard • Need to make online decision Compute Resources Scheduler Pending Jobs
  • 17. Example: Traffic Balancing • Assign projects to clusters with minimal cost – Dependent projects need to communicate, – But traffic between clusters are expensive • Constraints – Network band restriction – Some project migration are infeasible
  • 18. Logistics in Alibaba • Cainiao network – 80 major warehouse networks, 4000 Cainiao partners – 0.5 Bn parcels/day, next day delivery service in 150 cities • Key areas Supply chain Warehouse management Transportation management
  • 19. Applications of Optimization in Logistics • 3D bin packing – Find smallest number of boxes to include all items from an order • Warehouse management – New retailer Hema • Vehicle route planning – Planning for order pickup – Planning for delivery service
  • 20. & B( B D ,B EF E:D EFD F D A A &B C F F B D EB D F E . EE F A A BI D F F F D FIBD C 0B F I D B E F C H DB F : F B F B C Focus of Our Team
  • 21. Optimization at Alibaba - -- -- $ - - D F ) F 1B F B DB: EE B 1 DH DBH DE F ( F DF F ,B EF E -B DBIE D ,B F B E1B - n .CF F B E ( (0 (0( n & E n F DF F EE n . BCF F B n , D E F n E EE B E