This presentation is about declarative or non-procedural language.

2.  The Declarative Programming Languages are
fact oriented.
 There is no need to consider sequence of
execution.
 These are considered to be a higher level
than imperative languages because we work
on concepts rather than procedure.
 Ex : Sorting

3. Logic Programming Languages
Functional Programming Languages
Data Base Languages

4.  The Logic Programming Languages uses a form
of symbolic logic as its programming.
 Logic is the science or reasoning that includes
such methods that are used for solving
problems rather than those solved by intuition.
 Here, the program consists of a series of a set
of statements that describe what is true about
the desired result.

5.  A logic based program consists of a series of
facts/rules and a query to be executed.
 The output is true if the facts support the query
and false, otherwise.
Syntax :
Condition 1 action 1→
Condition 2 action 2→
.
.
.
Condition (n) action (n)→
 Ex : PROLOG

6.  The functional programming language does all its
computations on the evaluation of functions or
the applications of functions.
Hence, functional languages are also called
application languages.
 Syntax :
Function n(……(function 2(function,(data))……)
 Ex : LISP (List processing language)

7. The Database Languages included the following:
 DDL (Data Definition language) : It is used to
describe a new collection of facts or data.
 DML (Data Manipulation language) : It is used to
interact with existing databases.
Ex: Insertion, deletion & modification of data.
 DCL (Data Control language) : It is used to
control data. It includes :
 Commit
 Rollback

8. External View
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Disks
User 1User 1 User 2User 2
User nUser n
Conceptual ViewConceptual View
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