1) The speaker introduces himself as a founder and president of Decipher, a blockchain research group at Seoul National University.
2) He discusses the limitations of the transactions per second (TPS) metric commonly used to evaluate blockchain scalability. In particular, he questions whether experimental designs claiming high TPS values are reasonable.
3) The talk explores ways to more accurately measure a blockchain's capability to handle growing workloads, considering factors like block propagation time and the impact of more nodes on performance.
DN18 | Ocean Protocol – Empowering a Decentralized Marketplace for The New AI...Dataconomy Media
Abstract of the Presentation:
Ocean Protocol is a non-profit foundation designing and implementing a decentralized data marketplace. Ocean Protocol aims to break down data silos through equitable, universal, and secure access.
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The solution: Ocean Protocol tackles this challenge with a decentralized marketplace for data and AI services. Data providers are incentivised to open their data, and data consumers will gain seamless access to a new world of data, be it big data from a large corporation, or an aggregate of small datasets.
This talk will demo the features available to Data Engineers, how you can partake in the decentralized data and AI ecosystem, and the roadmap until Ocean Protocol’s Ethereum main-net release.
About the Author:
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DN18 | Ocean Protocol – Empowering a Decentralized Marketplace for The New AI...Dataconomy Media
Abstract of the Presentation:
Ocean Protocol is a non-profit foundation designing and implementing a decentralized data marketplace. Ocean Protocol aims to break down data silos through equitable, universal, and secure access.
The problem: Large companies have a data advantage in the ongoing AI revolution. With huge amounts data feeding AI models, there is an incentive to keep this data in-house and gain a competitive advantage. Given that more data often yields better AI, there are solutions which smaller companies and innovators can unlock if they had access to more data.
The solution: Ocean Protocol tackles this challenge with a decentralized marketplace for data and AI services. Data providers are incentivised to open their data, and data consumers will gain seamless access to a new world of data, be it big data from a large corporation, or an aggregate of small datasets.
This talk will demo the features available to Data Engineers, how you can partake in the decentralized data and AI ecosystem, and the roadmap until Ocean Protocol’s Ethereum main-net release.
About the Author:
Marcus Jones is the lead Data Scientist at Ocean Protocol, a Blockchain decentralized marketplace for data and models supporting the AI ecosystem. Marcus has been hacking in Python development and and Open Source projects for over 10 years, starting at the national research agency in Vienna, moving into international project management and consulting, and landing now in Berlin at Ocean Protocol. Marcus is focused on the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and the new decentralized Web 3.0 ecosystem, and how it can empower Data Engineers and Data Scientists.
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The challenges proposed by the HL-LHC era are not limited to the sheer amount of data to be processed; the capability of optimizing the analyser's experience will also bring important benefits for the LHC communities, in terms of total resource needs, user satisfaction and in the reduction of end time to publication. At the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) a portable software stack for analysis has been proposed, based on cloud-native tools and capable of providing users with a fully integrated analysis environment for the CMS experiment. The main characterizing traits of the solution consist in the user-driven design and the portability to any cloud resource provider. All this is made possible via an evolution towards a “python-based” framework, that enables the usage of a set of open-source technologies largely adopted in both cloud-native and data-science environments. In addition, a “single sign on”-like experience is available thanks to the standards-based integration of INDIGO-IAM with all the tools. The integration of compute resources is done through the customization of a JupyterHUB solution, able to spawn identity-aware user instances ready to access data with no further setup actions. The integration with GPU resources is also available, designed to sustain more and more widespread ML based workflow. Seamless connections between the user UI and batch/big data processing framework (Spark, HTCondor) are possible. Eventually, the experiment data access latency is reduced thanks to the integrated deployment of a scalable set of caches, as developed in the context of ESCAPE project, and as such compatible with the future scenarios where a data-lake will be available for the research community.
The outcome of the evaluation of such a solution in action is presented, showing how a real CMS analysis workflow can make use of the infrastructure to achieve its results.
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Blockchain technology can revolutionise the provision of decentralised Applications Dapps, as well as help IoT systems to boot to reduce the cost of this development, the stakeholders to determine how to distribute benefits and take into account five basic principles:
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This ppt describes about blockchain, quantum computers and about the security of blockchain. I took three major algorithms for securing blockchain from quantum computers attack.
Blockchain and Services – Exploring the LinksIngo Weber
In this keynote talk, given at the ASSRI Symposium 2018, I explore four different facets of the relationship between Blockchain and Services.
First, application-level service interfaces for interaction with Blockchain-based applications enable easy integration with existing infrastructure. Second, service composition can be achieved through smart contracts, and enable different approaches to orchestrations and choreographies. Third, Blockchain-aaS offerings cover infrastructure operation, but can go beyond that. And finally, microservice principles can be applied to smart contract design.
Blockchain: Background and Data61 Research OverviewIngo Weber
My keynote slides at the Korean National Blockchain Conference, giving an overview of our research in Software Architecture, Model-Driven Engineering, Dependability / Availability, and Business Process Execution in the context of Blockchain.
Block chain is probably one of the technologies that has the potential to disrupt several business models. We are looking at Graph Analytics of temporal Graphs can help us see how a block chain ledger, network and an account changes over time.
Software Architecture and Model-Driven Engineering for BlockchainIngo Weber
This talk was given at the August SydEthereum meetup, and gives an overview of our Blockchain research (Data61, CSIRO). The focus is on Software Architecture and Model-Driven Engineering. In addition to some approaches and tooling, it mentions some of the empirical work on availability of write transactions on Ethereum.
Analysing Data from Blockchains - Keynote @ SOCCA 2020Ingo Weber
Keynote at the Symposium on Cryptocurrency Analysis (SOCCA 2020). Content:
In order to analyse how concrete blockchain systems as well as blockchain applications are used, data must be extracted from these systems. Due to various complexities inherent in blockchain, the question how to interpret such data is non-trivial. Such interpretation should often be shared among parties, e.g., if they collaborate via a blockchain. To this end, we devised an approach codify the interpretation of blockchain data, to extract data from blockchains accordingly, and to output it in suitable formats -- see https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.10281.
In addition, application developers and users of blockchain applications may want to estimate the cost of using or op- erating a blockchain application. In the keynote, I will also discuss our cost estimation method.
Blockchain technology can revolutionise the provision of decentralised Applications Dapps, as well as help IoT systems to boot to reduce the cost of this development, the stakeholders to determine how to distribute benefits and take into account five basic principles:
• Potential effects of technology on IoT systems
• Organisational changes
• Secure the correct data
• Financing electronic IoT systems
• Security and privacy of user data
This presentation cuts through the confusion and hype surrounding blockchain, explains the key technical aspects of blockchain systems, and summarizes the point of view of different blockchain luminaries and open sourced systems. Originally presented as a guest lecture at Columbia University in April 2019.
Blockchain Testing Strategy - Testing is crucial in Blockchain as the technology ledger is immutable. The cost of a defect is very high in production. This paper explained what all changes faced in blockchain testing, and how can we resolve those challenges. What needs to be tested and testing approach. How performance testing can be done and what KPI's to be monitored.
Blockchain general presentation nov 2017 v engDavid Vangulick
These slides are used to introduce the concept of blockchain and how this technology can be used for peer to peer energy exchange linked with the wholesale energy market
Presentation by DHS S&T at the NY Blockchain 360 Conference regarding Blockchain's relevance to the Homeland Security Enterprise. Results of security and privacy research and development over the last 2+ years and next steps.
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Check out the webinar slides to learn more about how XfilesPro transforms Salesforce document management by leveraging its world-class applications. For more details, please connect with sales@xfilespro.com
If you want to watch the on-demand webinar, please click here: https://www.xfilespro.com/webinars/salesforce-document-management-2-0-smarter-faster-better/
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Decipher openseminar (1)
1. Open seminar day
Decipher 1st Meetup
Blockchain Talk with Decipher
1) TPS metric and the limitation of PoW blockchain
Jae-Yun Kim (Ben)
ben@decipher.ac
Open seminar day
Decipher 1st Meetup
2. Introduction
Name
Jae-Yun Kim (Ben)
Position
• Majoring in Electrical and Computer Engineering
at Seoul National University
• Ph.D. candidate in virtual machine optimization lab
at Seoul National University
• Founder and president of Decipher,
Blockchain Research Group
at Seoul National University
Work In Progress
• Research in JavaScript app migration
• Edge Computing based on Blockchain
• Git as a blockchain governance protocol
About Speaker
2
3. First Topic
Are the TPS metrics reasonable?
3
https://medium.com/eosio/eosio-dawn-3-0-now-
available-49a3b99242d7
https://quarkchain.io/faq.html
https://cryptobriefing.com/zilliqa-closes-in-on-visas-8000-tps/
4. Backgrounds
Double Spending attack
• Generate conflicting transactions to each network partition.
• PoW selects only one blockchain to admit only one transaction among the
conflicting transaction.
• Person who gets abandoned transaction will lose his/her digital asset.
Typical attacks on the PoW
4
5. Backgrounds
Selfish Mining
• The speed of propagation is very important to the miners.
• Propagation time of a block generated from the miner is 0.
• Miner can maximize its revenue by not relaying the blocks until the public
blockchain catches up the miner’s blockchain.
Typical attacks on the PoW
5
Public
Attacker’s
Private Branch
Not relay immediately
6. Backgrounds
Eclipse Attack
• Isolate nodes by corrupting Internet routing tables maintained.
• Can be used for double spending attack, Selfish mining, and so on.
Typical attacks on the PoW
6
Victim
Honest
Attacker
7. Backgrounds
Definition in Computer Science
• Scalability is the capability of a system, network, or process to handle a
growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that
growth.
Definition in Blockchain
• Is it fast??
• 1,000,000 TPS
• Use sharding, sidechain, application-specific domain, and so on..
Scalability
7
8. Backgrounds
Let’s straighten the concept
• Capability of a blockchain to handle a growing amount of work.
• Ex) CryptoKitties
Scalability
8
Launched at November 22, 2017
Occupying about 25% of all the
traffics at December 5, 2017
9. Backgrounds
Definition in Computer Science
• The number of atomic actions performed by certain entity per second.
• Usually used by DBMS vendor and user community to refer to the number of
database transactions performed per second.
Definition in Blockchain
• Transaction per second
• What metric can be used?
TPS (Transactions Per Second)
9
10. TPS metric
Web Assembly on EOS – 50,000 TPS
• https://steemit.com/eos/@dantheman/web-
assembly-on-eos-50-000-transfers-per-second
Experimental design (2017)
• Construct individual transactions to transfer
funds from @simplecoin to init1 1000 times.
An example of EOS
10
* Do you think this metric is reasonable?
11. TPS metric
TPS of current Bitcoin
• 7 TPS
An example of Bitcoin
11
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability
12. TPS metric
A clue of TPS metric
• Block propagation time for 1MB block size: 1.5sec(10%), 15.7sec(50%),
2.4min(90%)
Research paper
12
CROMAN, Kyle, et al. On scaling decentralized blockchains. In: International Conference on Financial
Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016. p. 106-125.
13. TPS metric
Application of the TPS metric
• Network should be constructed.
• As more nodes participate in the block chain, the network will grow but its
performance will decrease.
• Block parameters cannot be adjusted freely.
Reference
• GERVAIS, Arthur, et al. On the security and performance of proof of work
blockchains. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer
and Communications Security. ACM, 2016. p. 3-16.
A clue of TPS metric
13
15. TPS metric
BIP-152
• Propose a concept of
compact block.
• Actually, a node do not
need to send the whole
data of the block.
• Mempool already retains
majority of data in the
receiving block.
• The key idea is to
request only the missing
transactions.
FIBRE (FIRST Internet Bitcoin Relay Engine)
15
