The basic idea of decentralization is to distribute control and authority to the peripheries of an organization instead of one central body being in full control of the organization.
Provides a simple and unambiguous taxonomy of three service models
- Software as a service (SaaS)
- Platform as a service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
(Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, and Hybrid cloud)
There are four different types of blockchain - Public blockchain, Private blockchain, Consortium blockchain and Hybrid blockchain.
This presentation gives a glimpse about blockchain technology and the different types of blockchain. Hope it helps!
Blockchain With IoT - Top Blockchain IoT Use Cases101 Blockchains
Blockchain with IoT is a perfect combination that can change the way we conduct businesses nowadays. Most of our present business models have low visibility, which leads to multiple issues like mismanagement, counterfeiting, high product costs, and many more. Due to these complications, many companies are not able to reach their full potential.
However, IoT Blockchain projects can offer a wide range of benefits and use cases for the IoT sector. For example, high data security, stronger data validation process, data anonymity for extra privacy, end-to-end visibility, identity for IoT devices, stronger cloud management, etc.
Other Blockchain IoT use cases include specific sectors such as supply chains, smart homes, pharmaceuticals, waste management, agriculture, sharing economy, and so on. Many blockchain IoT examples offer various forms of uses cases now for enterprise companies.
101 Blockchains offer a good array of supportive educational materials regarding this topic. If you are struggling with your IoT management, we recommend checking out our IoT fundamentals course, as this course is perfectly suited for your needs.
Learn more about the course from here ->
IoT Fundamentals Course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/iot-fundamentals
Check out our certification courses from here ->
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Professional (CEBP) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/blockchain-expert-certification
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Architect (CEBA) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-enterprise-blockchain-architect
Certified Blockchain Security Expert (CBSE) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-blockchain-security-expert
Check out our full guide on this topic from here ->
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-iot-use-cases/
Provides a simple and unambiguous taxonomy of three service models
- Software as a service (SaaS)
- Platform as a service (PaaS)
- Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
(Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, and Hybrid cloud)
There are four different types of blockchain - Public blockchain, Private blockchain, Consortium blockchain and Hybrid blockchain.
This presentation gives a glimpse about blockchain technology and the different types of blockchain. Hope it helps!
Blockchain With IoT - Top Blockchain IoT Use Cases101 Blockchains
Blockchain with IoT is a perfect combination that can change the way we conduct businesses nowadays. Most of our present business models have low visibility, which leads to multiple issues like mismanagement, counterfeiting, high product costs, and many more. Due to these complications, many companies are not able to reach their full potential.
However, IoT Blockchain projects can offer a wide range of benefits and use cases for the IoT sector. For example, high data security, stronger data validation process, data anonymity for extra privacy, end-to-end visibility, identity for IoT devices, stronger cloud management, etc.
Other Blockchain IoT use cases include specific sectors such as supply chains, smart homes, pharmaceuticals, waste management, agriculture, sharing economy, and so on. Many blockchain IoT examples offer various forms of uses cases now for enterprise companies.
101 Blockchains offer a good array of supportive educational materials regarding this topic. If you are struggling with your IoT management, we recommend checking out our IoT fundamentals course, as this course is perfectly suited for your needs.
Learn more about the course from here ->
IoT Fundamentals Course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/iot-fundamentals
Check out our certification courses from here ->
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Professional (CEBP) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/blockchain-expert-certification
Certified Enterprise Blockchain Architect (CEBA) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-enterprise-blockchain-architect
Certified Blockchain Security Expert (CBSE) course
https://academy.101blockchains.com/courses/certified-blockchain-security-expert
Check out our full guide on this topic from here ->
https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-iot-use-cases/
Presentation by DHS S&T at the NY Blockchain 360 Conference regarding Blockchain's relevance to the Homeland Security Enterprise. Results of security and privacy research and development over the last 2+ years and next steps.
A blockchain, originally block chain, is a growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. But Blockchain is not simply a mere technology that may fade away rather it is a concept that serves a wide variety of purpose and is one of the most trusted emerging technology of the era. This is a small attempt at how Blockchain technology may revolutionize the Cloud platforms.
Project Link : https://github.com/vedantmane/images
This document contains study of Peer to Peer Distributed system.Three Models of Distributed system.Such as Centralizes,Decentralized,Hybird Model and Pros and cons of these models. Skpye and Bit torrent architecture is also discussed.This tutorial can be very help full for those who are beginners.
Everything Blockchain is a development, engineering, and services company specializing in Blockchain technologies and decentralized processing. The Company works with clients to develop custom Blockchain payment solutions settled in fiat and cryptocurrencies. Everything Blockchain also designs proprietary security measures and protocols for Blockchain technologies with overlay and licensing revenue opportunities. Utilizing tools within the Blockchain ecosystem to enhance overall performance, the Company continually evaluates new growth opportunities in mining, acquiring, and utilizing cryptocurrencies. Involved in the early-stage launch of HEX, the internet’s first cryptographic certificate of deposit, the Company has earned $5 million of tokens to date and expects to be awarded another $5 million of tokens in the coming months. Staking operations, which can earn interest of 5%-40%, provide Everything Blockchain with additional opportunities for growth and predictable revenue streams. With a highly accomplished management and board, expert team, and access to industry leaders and disruptors, Everything Blockchain is at the forefront of innovative and lead generating technologies.
This course covers in detail the technical principles & concepts behind blockchain. In addition, it seeks to provide you with the insights and deep understanding of the various components of blockchain technology, and enables you to determine for yourself how to best leverage and exploit blockchain for your project, organisation or start-up.
Link - https://www.experfy.com/training/courses/blockchain-technology-fundamentals
An introduction to Blockchain and covering :
-Blockchain vs cryptocurrency
-Bitcoin vs Ethereum
-Real life and industrial examples
-Business example
-Benefits & challenges
In this post, you will see the top Blockchain trends that you must follow as a developer. Check them out now and share your experience with us in the comments.
Blockchain : A Catalyst for New Approaches in Insurance VIJAY MUTHU
Blockchain technology has a wide variety of use cases in insurance. This excellent PwC study shows the possible impacts
in the insurance value chain which blockchain can bring about.
Presentation by DHS S&T at the NY Blockchain 360 Conference regarding Blockchain's relevance to the Homeland Security Enterprise. Results of security and privacy research and development over the last 2+ years and next steps.
A blockchain, originally block chain, is a growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked using cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. But Blockchain is not simply a mere technology that may fade away rather it is a concept that serves a wide variety of purpose and is one of the most trusted emerging technology of the era. This is a small attempt at how Blockchain technology may revolutionize the Cloud platforms.
Project Link : https://github.com/vedantmane/images
This document contains study of Peer to Peer Distributed system.Three Models of Distributed system.Such as Centralizes,Decentralized,Hybird Model and Pros and cons of these models. Skpye and Bit torrent architecture is also discussed.This tutorial can be very help full for those who are beginners.
Everything Blockchain is a development, engineering, and services company specializing in Blockchain technologies and decentralized processing. The Company works with clients to develop custom Blockchain payment solutions settled in fiat and cryptocurrencies. Everything Blockchain also designs proprietary security measures and protocols for Blockchain technologies with overlay and licensing revenue opportunities. Utilizing tools within the Blockchain ecosystem to enhance overall performance, the Company continually evaluates new growth opportunities in mining, acquiring, and utilizing cryptocurrencies. Involved in the early-stage launch of HEX, the internet’s first cryptographic certificate of deposit, the Company has earned $5 million of tokens to date and expects to be awarded another $5 million of tokens in the coming months. Staking operations, which can earn interest of 5%-40%, provide Everything Blockchain with additional opportunities for growth and predictable revenue streams. With a highly accomplished management and board, expert team, and access to industry leaders and disruptors, Everything Blockchain is at the forefront of innovative and lead generating technologies.
This course covers in detail the technical principles & concepts behind blockchain. In addition, it seeks to provide you with the insights and deep understanding of the various components of blockchain technology, and enables you to determine for yourself how to best leverage and exploit blockchain for your project, organisation or start-up.
Link - https://www.experfy.com/training/courses/blockchain-technology-fundamentals
An introduction to Blockchain and covering :
-Blockchain vs cryptocurrency
-Bitcoin vs Ethereum
-Real life and industrial examples
-Business example
-Benefits & challenges
In this post, you will see the top Blockchain trends that you must follow as a developer. Check them out now and share your experience with us in the comments.
Blockchain : A Catalyst for New Approaches in Insurance VIJAY MUTHU
Blockchain technology has a wide variety of use cases in insurance. This excellent PwC study shows the possible impacts
in the insurance value chain which blockchain can bring about.
How Blockchain Development Can Revolutionize Your Digital Strategy.pdfPixel Softwares
Reinvent Digital Dynamics: Embrace the power of blockchain technology to reimagine your digital strategy. With decentralized solutions and smart contracts, Pixel Softwares can revolutionize your business landscape.
LESSON 2 BLOCKCHAIN DECENTRALIZATION _ DATAFICATION IN BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY ...Leapwaters
Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain.
How Blockchain Technology Is Evolving In The CloudShikhaKonda
https://go-dgtl.com/whitepaper/how-blockchain-technology-is-evolving-in-the-cloud/?utm_source=offpage&utm_medium=thirdparty&utm_campaign=alo-seo - Cloud and blockchain are increasingly becoming the most valuable combinations to enhance the security of enterprise data living on the cloud. Learn more
How Blockchain Technology Is Evolving In The Cloud - GoDgtl.pdfPeeterParkar
Blockchain is famous for its use as the technology behind cryptocurrencies. However, it has many other applications. One such application is in cloud computing, providing additional security and several other benefits. Cloud and blockchain are increasingly becoming the most valuable combinations to enhance the security of enterprise data living on the cloud
Blockchain is one of the biggest and most interesting technologies out right now. The Federal Government is putting in a ton of resources trying to figure this puzzle out. MongoDB is already being utilized by Federal Government Agencies today for Blockchain initiatives. Take a moment to read this white paper on how to build an enterprise Blockchain database with MongoDB. Harness the power of innovation!!!
PM me if you are interested in learning more!
A decentralized consensus application using blockchain ecosystem IJECEIAES
The consensus is a critical operation of any decision-making process. It involves a set of eligible members; whose decision need to be honored by taking their acknowledgment before making any decision. The traditional consensus process follows centralized architecture, the members need to rely on and trust this architecture. The proposed system aims to develop a secure decentralized consensus application in the untrusted environment by making use of blockchain technology along with smart contract and interplanetary file system (IPFS).
decentralized cloud storage and blockchian.pdfqitchain.net
Decentralized Cloud Storage and Blockchain
What is Decentralization?
Decentralization is an ideology that advocates for a liberal style of administration in which no single authority has absolute power over all aspects of life. In a decentralized storage system, users may save their files without depending on large data hubs like the cloud.
Decentralization in data storage has gained recognition because of its user-friendly and trustable features like privacy and security. Decentralized data centers rely on a peer-to-peer network of users who each store small, encrypted chunks of the overall data. In this way, a reliable data storage and sharing system has been created that can be founded on blockchain or any other peer-to-peer network.
Decentralized cloud storage is a storage system in which data is saved on various computers or servers. It’s a decentralized P2P (peer-to-peer) cloud storage system.
Qitchain QTC is a Decentralized Cloud Storage technology that is both efficient and unique. The advantage of adopting such storage is that it can perform all of the tasks of a decentralized web, including security, privacy, no single point of failure, and cost-effectiveness.
The process of moving authority from a central government to a more decentralized and “liberal” framework is known as decentralization. Files are encrypted, fragmented, and disseminated throughout a global network rather than being kept in centralized data centers.
Decentralized storage is becoming more popular than centralized cloud storage for a variety of reasons.
Data breaches in centralized cloud storage have occurred in recent years, as have data outages, storage costs have increased, and most crucially, there is a lack of ownership. As a result, there was a compelling need to fix these concerns. These issues can be solvable via a decentralized storage system.
Read more here QITCHAIN: DECENTRALIZED SEARCH ENGINE
Decentralized Storage: How it Works
As in a decentralized storage system, the data is not stored on a single place but on multiple nodes. Client’s data is encrypted. It stores multiple copies of the same piece of data in separate locations. The users who have the encryption key are only allowed to access or read the file. This secure storage system motivates users to participate, host and hold servers in the system. Numerous small entities contribute to the network by generating storage space and computing power.
An extra blanket of protection and security is added via ‘Sharding’ process. Sharding refers to the process of distributing data over a network of nodes. Decentralized locations store the data and distribute it. Interlopers who try to break into these places will find encrypted data blocks. Furthermore, they will only be able to get a portion of the information, not the complete file. To sum it up, blockchain-based decentralized storage systems ensure high level of data security which no other storage system can provide.
CARBON NEUTRAL ENCRYPTED DIGITAL cu
In this comprehensive report, we delve into the transformative realm of "Interoperability in Blockchain: Bridging Gaps for a Unified Future." This exploration provides a deep dive into the intricate world of blockchain technology, focusing on the critical aspect of interoperability - a key factor that stands to revolutionize how blockchain networks communicate and collaborate. From dissecting the technical challenges and groundbreaking solutions to envisioning the future landscape shaped by interconnected blockchains, the report offers a thorough analysis of the current state, challenges, and potential of interoperability within the blockchain ecosystem. Aimed at providing a clear understanding and insightful perspectives, this report is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the evolving dynamics of blockchain technology and its capacity to foster a more integrated and efficient digital future.
Group chain is a scalable public blockchain of two-chain structure. Built on the principle of reducing consensus size to achieve high transaction efficiency. Employs the leader group with a small size to collectively commit blocks. Group chain reduce transaction confirmation latency. Achieves a throughput of over 800 TPS with a small leader group size. Performance is close to 600 TPS even in a ledger group size is 100.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. DECENTRALIZATION
Decentralization is not a new concept.
It has been used in strategy, management, and the government, for a
long time.
The basic idea of decentralization is to distribute control and
authority to the peripheries of an organization instead of one central
body being in full control of the organization.
This configuration produces several benefits for organizations, such
as increased efficiency, expedited decision making, better motivation,
and a reduced burden on top management.
29-06-2021
3. DECENTRALIZATION
The fundamental basis of blockchain is that no single central
authority is in control, and, here we present examples of various
Methods of decentralization and Routes to achieve this.
Furthermore, we will discuss the decentralization of the Blockchain
Ecosystem, Decentralized Applications, and Platforms for
achieving decentralization.
29-06-2021
4. DECENTRALIZATION USING BLOCKCHAIN
Decentralization is a core benefit and service provided by blockchain
technology.
By design, blockchain is a perfect vehicle for providing a platform
that does not need any intermediaries and that can function with
many different leaders chosen via consensus mechanisms.
This model allows anyone to compete to become the decision-
making authority.
This competition is governed by a consensus mechanism - Proof of
Work (PoW).
29-06-2021
5. DECENTRALIZATION USING BLOCKCHAIN
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has
conventionally been based on a centralized paradigm whereby
database or application servers are under the control of a central
authority, such as a system administrator.
With Bitcoin and the advent of blockchain technology - which allows
anyone to start a decentralized system and operate it with no single
point of failure or single trusted authority.
The following diagram shows the different types of systems that
currently exist: central, decentralized, and distributed.
29-06-2021
7. DECENTRALIZATION USING BLOCKCHAIN
Centralized systems are conventional (client-server) IT systems in
which there is a single authority that controls the system, and who is
solely in charge of all operations on the system.
All users of a centralized system are dependent on a single source of
service.
The majority of online service providers including Google, Amazon,
eBay, Apple's App Store, and others use this conventional model for
delivering services.
A Distributed system, data and computation are spread across
multiple nodes in the network.
Sometimes, this term is confused with parallel computing.
29-06-2021
8. DECENTRALIZATION USING BLOCKCHAIN
The main difference between these systems is that in a parallel
computing system, computation is performed by all nodes
simultaneously in order to achieve the result.
Example - weather research and forecasting, simulation and financial
modeling.
On the other hand, in a distributed system, computation may not
happen in parallel and data is replicated across multiple nodes that
users view as a single, coherent system.
29-06-2021
9. DECENTRALIZATION USING BLOCKCHAIN
The critical difference between a decentralized system and
distributed system is that in a distributed system, there still exists a
central authority that governs the entire system; whereas, in a
decentralized system, no such authority exists.
A Decentralized system is a type of network where nodes are not
dependent on a single master node; instead, control is distributed
among many nodes.
A significant innovation in the decentralized paradigm that has given
rise to this new era of decentralization of applications is
decentralized consensus.
This mechanism came into play with Bitcoin, and it enables a user
to agree on something via a consensus algorithm without the
need for a central, trusted third party, intermediary, or service
provider.
29-06-2021
10. METHODS OF DECENTRALIZATION
Two methods can be used to achieve decentralization:
Disintermediation and
Competition (Contest-driven decentralization)
1. Disintermediation
The concept of disintermediation can be explained with the aid of
an example:
Imagine that you want to send money to a friend in another
country.
You go to a bank who, for a fee, will transfer your money to the
bank in that country.
Here the bank maintains a central database that is updated,
confirming that you have sent the money.
29-06-2021
11. METHODS OF DECENTRALIZATION
With blockchain technology, it is possible to send this money
directly to your friend without the need for a bank.
All you need is the address of your friend on the blockchain.
This way, the intermediary; that is, the bank, is no longer
required, and decentralization is achieved by
disintermediation.
29-06-2021
12. 2. Contest-driven decentralization
In the method involving competition, different service providers
compete with each other in order to be selected for the provision of
services by the system.
In the context of blockchain technology, a system can be
envisioned in which smart contracts can choose an external data
provider from a large number of providers based on their reputation,
previous score, reviews, and quality of service.
29-06-2021
13. ROUTES TO DECENTRALIZATION
Even though there were systems that pre-existed blockchain and
Bitcoin, including BitTorrent and the Gnutella file sharing system,
which to a certain degree could be classified as decentralized.
However, with the advent of blockchain technology, many initiatives
are now being taken to leverage this new technology for achieving
decentralization.
Example: First Choice – Bitcoin
Alternatively, Ethereum - serve as the tool of choice for
many developers for building decentralized applications.
As compared to Bitcoin, Ethereum has become a more prominent
choice because of the flexibility it allows for programming any
business logic into the blockchain by using smart contracts.
29-06-2021
14. ROUTES TO DECENTRALIZATION
How to decentralize
The framework raises four questions whose answers provide a clear
understanding as how a system can be decentralized:
1. What is being decentralized?
2. What level of decentralization is required?
3. What blockchain is used?
4. What security mechanism is used?
29-06-2021
15. ECOSYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION
To achieve complete decentralization, it is necessary that the
environment around the blockchain also be decentralized.
The blockchain is a distributed ledger that runs on top of
conventional systems.
These elements include
storage,
communication, and
computation.
1. Storage
Data can be stored directly in a blockchain, and with this fact it
achieves decentralization.
29-06-2021
16. ECOSYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION
However, a significant disadvantage of this approach is that a
blockchain is not suitable for storing large amounts of data by design.
A better alternative for storing data is to use Distributed Hash Tables
(DHTs).
DHTs were used initially in peer-to-peer file sharing software, such as
BitTorrent, Napster, Kazaa, and Gnutella.
There are other alternatives for data storage, such as Ethereum
Swarm, Storj, and MaidSafe.
Ethereum has its own decentralized and distributed ecosystem that
uses Swarm for storage and the Whisper protocol for communication.
MaidSafe aims to provide a decentralized World Wide Web.
29-06-2021
17. ECOSYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION
BigchainDB is another storage layer decentralization project aimed at
providing a scalable, fast, and linearly scalable decentralized
database as opposed to a traditional file system.
BigchainDB complements decentralized processing platforms and file
systems such as Ethereum and IPFS.
2. Communication
The internet (the communication layer in blockchain) is considered to
be decentralized.
This model is based on unconditional trust of a central authority (the
service provider) where users are not in control of their data.
Even user passwords are stored on trusted third-party systems.
29-06-2021
18. ECOSYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION
Thus, there is a need to provide control to individual users in such a
way that access to their data is guaranteed and is not dependent on a
single third party.
Access to the internet (the communication layer) is based on Internet
Service Providers (ISPs) who act as a central hub for internet
users.
If the ISP is shut down for any reason, then no communication is
possible with this model.
An alternative is to use mesh networks.
Even though they are limited in functionality when compared to
the internet, they still provide a decentralized alternative where nodes
can talk directly to each other without a central hub such as an ISP.
29-06-2021
19. ECOSYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION
Example: Firechat – iphone
Now imagine a network that allows users to be in control of their
communication; no one can shut it down for any reason.
This could be the next step toward decentralizing communication
networks in the blockchain ecosystem.
3. Computing power and decentralization
Decentralization of computing or processing power is achieved by a
blockchain technology such as Ethereum, where smart contracts with
embedded business logic can run on the blockchain network.
Other blockchain technologies also provide similar processing-layer
platforms, where business logic can run over the network in a
decentralized manner.
29-06-2021
21. ECOSYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
At the bottom layer, the internet or Meshnets provide a
decentralized communication layer.
On the next layer up, a storage layer uses technologies such as
IPFS and BigchainDB to enable decentralization.
Finally, at the next level up, you can see that blockchain serves as
a decentralized processing (computation) layer. Blockchain in
a limited way, provide a storage layer too, but that severely
hampers the speed and capacity of the system.
Therefore, other solutions such as IPFS and BigchainDB are more
suitable to store large amounts of data in a decentralized way.
22. ECOSYSTEM DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
The Identity, Wealth layers are shown at the top level. Identity on
the internet is a vast topic, and systems such as BitAuth and
OpenID provide authentication and identification services with
varying degrees of decentralization and security assumptions.
The blockchain is capable of providing solutions to various issues
relating to decentralization.
A concept relevant to identity known as Zooko's Triangle
requires that the naming system in a network protocol be secure,
decentralized, and is able to provide human-meaningful and
memorable names to the users.
23. DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
Smart contracts
A smart contract is a decentralized program.
Smart contracts do not necessarily need a blockchain to run;
however, due to the security benefits it provides, blockchain has
become a standard decentralized execution platform for smart
contracts.
A smart contract usually contains some business logic and a
limited amount of data.
The business logic is executed if specific criteria are met.
Actors or participants in the blockchain use these smart contracts,
or they run autonomously on behalf of the network participants.
24. DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
Decentralized Organizations
DOs are software programs that run on a blockchain and are
based on the idea of actual organizations with people and
protocols.
Once a DO is added to the blockchain in the form of a smart
contract or a set of smart contracts, it becomes decentralized and
parties interact with each other based on the code defined within
the DO software.
25. DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is also a
computer program that runs atop a blockchain and embedded
within it are governance and business logic rules.
DAO and DO are fundamentally the same thing.
The main difference, however, is that DAOs are autonomous,
which means that they are fully automated and contain artificially-
intelligent logic.
DOs, on the other hand, lack this feature and rely on human input
to execute business logic.
26. DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
Decentralized Autonomous Corporations
Decentralized Autonomous Corporations (DACs) are
similar to DAOs in concept, though considered to be a
smaller subset of them.
The definitions of DACs and DAOs may sometimes overlap,
but the general distinction is that DAOs are usually
considered to be nonprofit; whereas DACs can earn a
profit via shares offered to the participants and to whom
they can pay dividends.
DACs can run a business automatically without human
intervention based on the logic programmed into them.
27. DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
Decentralized Autonomous Societies
Decentralized Autonomous Societies (DASs) are a
concept whereby an entire society can function on a
blockchain with the help of multiple, complex smart
contracts and a combination of DAOs and Decentralized
Applications (DApps) running autonomously.
This model does not necessarily translate to a free-for-all
approach; instead, many services that a government
commonly offers can be delivered via blockchains, such as
government identity card systems, passports, and records
of deeds, marriages, and births.
28. DECENTRALIZATION APPLICATIONS
29-06-2021
DApp examples
Examples of some decentralized applications are provided
here.
1. KYC-Chain
This application provides the facility to manage Know Your
Customer (KYC) data securely and conveniently based on
smart contracts.
2. OpenBazaar
This is a decentralized peer-to-peer network that enables
commercial activities directly between sellers and buyers
instead of relying on a central party, such as eBay and
Amazon.
29. DECENTRALIZATION APPLICATIONS
29-06-2021
DHTs are used in a peer-to-peer network to enable direct
communication and data sharing among peers. It makes
use of Bitcoin and various other cryptocurrencies as a
payment method.
3. Lazooz
This is the decentralized equivalent of Uber. It allows peer-
to-peer ride sharing and users to be incentivized by proof of
movement, and they can earn Zooz coins.
30. PLATFORM FOR DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
Today, there are many platforms available for
decentralization.
In fact, the fundamental feature of blockchain networks is to
provide decentralization.
Therefore, any blockchain network such as Bitcoin,
Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, or Quorum can be used to
provide decentralization service.
Many organizations around the world have introduced
platforms that promise to make distributed application
development easy, accessible, and secure.
Some of these platforms are described below,
31. PLATFORM FOR DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
1. Ethereum
Ethereum tops the list as being the first blockchain to
introduce a Turing-complete language and the concept of a
virtual machine.
With the availability of its Turing-complete language called
Solidity, endless possibilities have opened for the
development of decentralized applications.
This blockchain was first proposed in 2013 by Vitalik
Buterin, and it provides a public blockchain to develop smart
contracts and decentralized applications.
Currency tokens on Ethereum are called Ethers.
32. PLATFORM FOR DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
2. MaidSafe
MaidSafe provides a Secure Access For Everyone (SAFE)
network that is made up of unused computing resources,
such as storage, processing power, and the data
connections of its users.
The files on the network are divided into small chunks of
data, which are encrypted and distributed randomly
throughout the network.
This data can only be retrieved by its respective owner.
One key innovation of MaidSafe is that duplicate files are
automatically rejected on the network, which helps reduce
the need for additional computing resources needed to
manage the load.
It uses Safecoin as a token to incentivize its contributors.
33. PLATFORM FOR DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
3. Lisk
Lisk is a blockchain application development and
cryptocurrency platform.
It allows developers to use JavaScript to build decentralized
applications and host them in their respective sidechains.
Lisk uses the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS) mechanism
for consensus whereby 101 nodes can be elected to secure
the network and propose blocks.
34. PLATFORM FOR DECENTRALIZATION
29-06-2021
3. Lisk
It uses the Node.js and JavaScript backend, while the
frontend allows the use of standard technologies, such as
CSS3, HTML5, and JavaScript.
Lisk uses LSK coin as a currency on the blockchain.
Another derivative of Lisk is Rise, which is a Lisk-based
decentralized application and digital currency platform.
It offers a greater focus on the security of the system.