Em 2018, o Programa SciELO celebrará 20 anos de operação em pleno processo de alinhamento com os avanços da ciência aberta. A Reunião da Rede SciELO analisará o estado de avanço da rede de coleções nacionais, a relevância e desempenho dos periódicos SciELO, e os desafios e perspectivas que se apresentam para os próximos 3 a 5 anos com ênfase nas linhas prioritárias de ação do Programa SciELO que são orientadas ao aperfeiçoamento dos periódicos, da gestão e operação das coleções nacionais, a atualização do Modelo SciELO de Publicação e seu alinhamento progressivo com as boas práticas da comunicação científica da ciência aberta. A celebração dos 20 anos do SciELO constitui um momento especial para o fortalecimento da Rede SciELO, das coleções nacionais e dos periódicos e assim contribuir para o avanço da globalização da comunicação científica e do movimento de acesso aberto de modo inclusivo em relação às diversidades de áreas temáticas, geografias e idiomas da pesquisa científica. Assim, a Semana SciELO 20 Anos é projetada como um fórum global e público liderado pela participação proativa de todos as coordenações nacionais, dos editores e publicadores dos periódicos SciELO e interessados no avanço da comunicação científica. A Reunião da Rede SciELO será um evento decisivo para a construção coletiva do SciELO e conta com a participação proativa dos editores e interessados na comunicação científica. A Reunião da Rede SciELO será realizada em quatro sessões principais. A primeira, durante todo o dia 24 de setembro, analisará e debaterá por meio de 8 Grupos de Trabalho temas chave para o futuro dos periódicos e do Programa SciELO. Cada grupo tem seu marco de trabalho definido por um texto sobre o escopo do grupo e será conduzida por uma agenda de trabalho que prevê a análise e discussão de 4 a 6 temas, sob a responsabilidade de um coordenador e com apoio de uma relatoria. A participação nos grupos requer inscrição prévia. No dia 25 de setembro as sessões serão em plenária. Pela manhã, a sessão antes do intervalo abordará boas práticas de publicação de periódicos, e, após o intervalo, o tema central a atualização do Modelo SciELO de Publicação. Pela tarde, teremos a apresentação das conclusões e recomendações dos Grupos de Trabalho.

1. XML: Why and How JATS
Deborah A Lapeyre
Mulberry Technologies, Inc.
17 West Jefferson Street
Rockville, MD 20851
USA
dalapeyre@mulberrytech.com
Version v1.0 (September 2018)
Copyright @2018 Mulberry Technologies, Inc.

3. XML: Why and How JATS
The XML Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
JATS is a standard XML tag set (vocabulary) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
JATS defined for interchange of journal articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
How JATS is being used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Why JATS is important? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ubiquity: JATS depth of use/adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JATS naturalness of use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
JATS helps to enable Open Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Open Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Enabling: Declarative and structural markup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Enabling: Semantics and structured metadata for search/data mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
JATS is how the world publishes journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Page i
XML: Why and How JATS

4. Page ii

5. slide 1
The XML Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS)
• XML is a language for describing documents
• XML markers (tags) are placed into the text of a document
• these tags describe the document’s structure and content
• computer programs can then process the document in various ways
• each kind of document (report, memo, recipe, standard) has different
XML tags
• JATS is an XML tag set describing journal articles
• JATS-specific tags are inserted into an article
• used to produce and interchange articles
• used to archive and host journal articles
slide 2
JATS is a standard XML tag set (vocabulary)
(the international language for describing journal
articles)
JATS is a named collection of XML elements (marked with tags)
for describing
the structure of one journal article
called a “model” of the article
• Originally modeled STEM articles (Scientific, Technical, Engineering, Medical)
• Now covers all journal types (sociology, economics, soft sciences, etc.)
• Models only journal articles, not books, issues of journals, magazines, etc.
JATS is an ANSI/NISO standard:
ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2015 JATS: Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS V1.1)
page 1

6. slide 3
JATS defined for interchange of journal
articles
(article content and article metadata interoperability)
• Each publisher/archive/library may use their own XML model
• They need to get their articles into the same form of XML:
• to exchange information with each other
• to put information into a single repository
• to sell/display items on the same hosting platform
• to share tools and resources
• so conversion vendors do not need to learn their particular model
slide 4
How JATS is being used
• Publishing new content
• Converting backfiles
• Public archives such as libraries accept or require JATS deposit
• Hosting service and web vendor intake
• Private and commercial archives ingest JATS
page 2
XML: Why and How JATS

7. slide 5
Why JATS is important?
slide 6
Ubiquity: JATS depth of use/adoption
• Most middle-sized/small publishers world-wide use JATS
• All of the huge publishers can (and do) make JATS for interchange
• SciELO Publishing Schema is a JATS superset
• Public and private archives accept (or require) JATS
• PubMed Central (US and UK)
• British National Library
• Australian National Library
• US Library of Congress
• ITHAKA/JSTOR, and many many more
• Conversion vendors all know how to handle JATS
• Numerous web-hosting and service vendors require or support JATS
• Free, public transforms make CrossRef deposits from JATS
page 3
XML: Why and How JATS

8. slide 7
JATS naturalness of use
Models what publishers are already doing
• Models current article publishing practices
• does not lead practice, but reflects it
• changes as practices change
• Tries to preserve current text order (reading sequence)
• Should be easy to encode anyone’s journal articles in JATS
• Does not typically define or set “Best Practices”
• Escape hatch elements for metadata not defined by JATS
slide 8
JATS helps to enable Open Science
slide 9
Open Data
Open Data means that documents should be:
• Machine-readable (also hopefully human readable)
• Searchable (and mineable)
• In a non-proprietary format
• Freely available and open (able to be modified)
• Platform and vendor neutral
Only a publisher can enforce truly Open Data
But JATS is a key tool in that effort (providing XML, Unicode, and a public document
model with clear semantics)
page 4
XML: Why and How JATS

9. slide 10
Enabling: Declarative and structural markup
• Separates content from presentation/behavior
• Tags what something is, not what it looks like/behaves
• Therefore multiplicity of output styles/formats/behaviors possible from a
single XML source
• print in all sizes and styles (branding)
• web pages and apps
• eBooks
• accessible and pronouncing material
slide 11
Enabling: Semantics and structured
metadata for search/data mining
(extensive metadata that travels with the XML article)
• Bibliographic metadata for the article (title, authors, abstract, journal info)
• Unique identifiers for authors (e.g., ORCID)
• Unique identifiers for institutions, funders
• Detailed funding description with grant numbers, investigators
• Labeled Data Availability Statements
• Links that tie terminology to ontologies/taxonomies
• Bibliographic references (potentially very detailed)
may include data citations
• Machine-readable context for efficient searching
page 5
XML: Why and How JATS

10. slide 12
JATS is how the world publishes journals
JATS is no longer one of the cool kids;
it’s just what you do if you have journal articles.
—Jeff Beck of PubMed Central at JATS-Con 2017
JATS is in use in at least 25 countries world-wide
including: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Egypt,
Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russia,
South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom, United States, etc.
And SciELO use of JATS may add Argentina, Bolivia, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Portugal,
South Africa, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
(Paraguay soon?)
page 6
XML: Why and How JATS