In 2018, the SciELO Program will celebrate 20 years of operation, in full alignment with the advances of open science. The SciELO 20 Years Conference will address and debate – during its three-day program – the main political, methodological and technological issues that define today’s state of the art in scholarly communication and the trends and innovations that is shaping the future of the universal openness of scholarly publishing and its relationship with today’s Open Access journals, in particular those of the SciELO Network. The program of the conference is organized around the alignment of SciELO journals and operations with the best practices on communication of open science, such as publishing research data, expediting editorial processes and communication through the continuous publication of articles and the adoption of preprints, maximizing the transparency of research evaluation and the flow of scholarly communication, and searching for more comprehensive systems for assessing research, articles and journals. A two-day meeting of the coordinators of the national collections of the SciELO Network will take place prior to the Conference with focus on the evaluation of SciELO journals and the SciELO Program and their improvement following the lines of action that will guide their development in the forthcoming five years. The celebration of SciELO’s 20-year anniversary constitutes an important landmark in SciELO’s evolution, and an exceptional moment to promote the advancement of an inclusive, global approach to scholarly communication and to the open access movement while respecting the diversities of thematic and geographic areas, as well as of languages of scientific research.

1. How JATS Empowers Scholarly
Communication
Advantages of JATS for journal article publishing, production,
and management
Deborah A Lapeyre
Mulberry Technologies, Inc.
17 West Jefferson Street
Rockville, MD 20851
USA
dalapeyre@mulberrytech.com
Version v1.0 (September 2018)
Copyright @2018 Mulberry Technologies, Inc.

3. How JATS Empowers Scholarly
Communication
JATS: a standard model for journal articles* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Some advantages of using JATS are really advantages of using XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Why JATS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Synergy in numbers: the world publishes journals in JATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
JATS model fits journal production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
For publishers: faster and less expensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Also improved lifecycle and quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
More intelligent QA than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Enables new QA techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Also advantages for scholarly community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
JATS supports extensive metadata that travels with the XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Metadata for mining and extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Detailed references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
JATS enables interchange and communication! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Page i
How JATS Empowers Scholarly Communication

4. Page ii

5. slide 1
JATS: a standard model for journal articles*
(Journal Article Tag Suite)
JATS is a named collection of XML elements describing
one journal article
called a “model” of the article
• Originally modeled STEM articles (Scientific, Technical, Engineering, Medical)
• Now covers all journal types: (sociology, economics, soft sciences, etc.)
• Models only journal articles, not books, issues of journals, magazines, etc.
*ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2015 JATS: Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS V1.1)
slide 2
Some advantages of using JATS are really
advantages of using XML
• Platform and vendor independence
• Content computer-manipulable and human-readable
• Full Unicode (internationalization)
• Mark up data once and make multiple output products
• Validate structure with a schema
• Machine-readable context for better searching/data-mining
page 1

6. slide 3
Why JATS?
• Designed for modern journals (the 80/20 case)
• Price is right: models, documentation, some tools are free:
• US National Library of Medicine (NLM)
• github (JATS4R et al.)
• Documented: extensive Tag Libraries, examples, recommendations
• Highly customizable
• Semantic and declarative markup, not presentational/behavioral
slide 4
Synergy in numbers: the world publishes
journals in JATS
(many languages and many multilingual documents)
• SciELO schema is a JATS superset
• Almost all middle-sized/small journal publishers use JATS
• All of the huge publishers can (and do) make JATS for interchange
• Archives accept (or require) JATS
(US and UK PubMed Central, British National Library, US Library of Congress, Australian
National Library, ITHAKA/JSTOR, many more)
• Web-hosting and service vendors require or support JATS
• JATS used world-wide
(including: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Nor-
way, Russia, South Korea, Sweden, US, UK, many of the SciELO countries, and more)
Whole communities can agree on data content
page 2
How JATS Empowers Scholarly Communication

7. slide 5
JATS model fits journal production
(structure of a JATS journal article)
• Front Matter (<front>)
• journal-level metadata
• article-level metadata
• Body Matter (<body>)
• paragraphs
• sections
• figures and tables (XHTML, CALS)
• equations (MathML)
• Back Matter (<back>)
• appendices
• citations with detailed metadata
slide 6
For publishers: faster and less expensive
• Faster time to publication
• Single format for accepting content
(publishers create, convert on receipt, authors create)
• Single source publishing: many output products from one file:
(HTML5, PDF, other print, eBook, web apps, accessible files)
• Interoperability
• Reduced cost of article production
Faster publication and lower cost make open access more sustainable!
page 3
How JATS Empowers Scholarly Communication

8. slide 7
Also improved lifecycle and quality
• Editors, reviewers, and production get the advantages of XML
• Improved communication throughout lifecycle
• Investment in tools, training, process pays benefits throughout lifecycle
• Better control of repository or archive
• Improved Quality Assurance
slide 8
More intelligent QA than
“Does it look right?”
• Checking:
• business rule compliance and irregularities
• empty titles and paragraphs
• internal cross-references
• References checked with deposit authority
• Order or numbering of references corrected
slide 9
Enables new QA techniques
• Schematron (the rules-based XML validation language)
• False color proofs
(turn semantic components bright colors and scan by eye)
• Lists of anything imaginable, for human checking
• Code values checked against authority files
(journal abbreviated titles, keywords, surnames)
page 4
How JATS Empowers Scholarly Communication

9. slide 10
Also advantages for scholarly community
• Production advantages for publishers and archives
• Manageable and searchable text of an article
• Recording metadata essential for research communication
slide 11
JATS supports extensive metadata that
travels with the XML
Article-level metadata for citation and credit
• Article title (including alternative languages)
• Article identifiers (DOI, etc.)
• Copyright and permissions
• Finding aids (abstracts, keywords, subjects)
• Contributors with
• alternative names (both Japanese characters and romanized)
• multiple affiliations (with alternative names for multiple languages)
• multiple roles (possibly linked to CRediT taxonomy)
page 5
How JATS Empowers Scholarly Communication

10. slide 12
Metadata for mining and extraction
• Machine-processable external identifiers
• for authors (e.g., ORCID)
• for institutions (e.g., Ringgold, ISNI)
• Detailed funding description
• both monetary and non-monetary funding
• award and grant identifiers
• funding sources and principals
• Labeled Data Availability Statements
• Terms and subjects linked to ontologies/taxonomies
• Links to companion articles (different language versions), related books
or web pages, errata
slide 13
Detailed references
To allow publication tracking
• For journal articles named elements include journal title, article title, jour-
nal issue, first and last page numbers, author surname, day-month-year of
publication, and DOI
• sufficient named elements to cite books, patents, conference papers,
standards, and other works
• Allows for data citations (including access times)
slide 14
JATS enables interchange and
communication!
page 6
How JATS Empowers Scholarly Communication