This document provides information on medical certification of cause of death. It defines death from legal, somatic, and encephalic perspectives. It outlines tests to confirm circulation, respiration, and brain stem death. It describes the key steps in determining the underlying cause of death, including establishing a chronology of conditions. It also discusses the importance of the death certificate for legal and statistical purposes and the doctor's duty to issue accurate certification in a timely manner.
Medical certification of cause of deathchetan samra
This document provides information and guidelines for certifying causes of death. It defines death, discusses the importance of accurate death certification, and provides examples of properly completed cause of death statements. Key points include that the cause of death statement should clearly indicate the direct cause as well as underlying conditions, avoid non-specific terms like "natural causes", and include relevant medical history like smoking even in Part II. Certifiers should be aware of reporting requirements and complete all sections of the certificate accurately.
There are three types of death defined in the document: somatic, molecular, and legal death. Legal death in India means the permanent disappearance of all signs of life after birth according to the Registration of Births and Deaths Act. The Transplantation of Human Organs Act further defines brain-stem death. A doctor is required to issue a death certificate listing the immediate cause of death and any significant contributing conditions based on their examination or information from relatives if no examination was possible. The certificate must be filed within 7 days without fee.
Brain Death concepts, Its changes and life after brain death, is the body still alive?? what are the determinants of brain death and who can declare it, bio ethical dimensions of nursing care in BD
DETERMINATION OF CAUSE, MANNER AND MECHANISM OF.pptxHarrisonMbohe
The document defines key terms related to determining cause of death:
1) Cause of death refers to the disease or injury that directly leads to death.
2) Manner of death describes the circumstances surrounding a death, such as whether it was natural, accidental, suicidal, or homicidal.
3) Mechanism of death is the specific physiological process, like hemorrhage or cardiac arrest, that is incompatible with life.
The document discusses various concepts related to death including the philosophical, legal, and medical definitions of death. It describes somatic (or clinical) death as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the brain, heart, and lungs. Brain death is considered legal death. Causes of sudden death include diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in 40-50% and 15-23% of cases respectively. Tests are described to determine and confirm death. Suspended animation is also addressed.
Salon 2 14 kasim 09.30 10.30 şeri̇fe gül şi̇mşek-ingtyfngnc
This document discusses cerebral death and organ transplantation. It begins by defining death and cerebral death. Cerebral death is the irreversible loss of brain and brain stem functions. The diagnosis of cerebral death requires the absence of brain stem reflexes and an apnea test to confirm the lack of spontaneous breathing. The document outlines Turkey's legal regulations regarding organ donation and transplantation. It emphasizes the importance of donor care after cerebral death to sustain organs and the roles of intensive care units and nurses in the donation process. Effective communication with patient families is key to gaining consent for organ donation. The conclusion stresses minimizing donor loss to benefit more patients through transplantation.
This document provides information about death certification in Uganda. It defines a death certificate as a documentary evidence stating the date, fact and cause of death issued by a medical professional or government. It notes that death certification is important for collecting mortality statistics, disease surveillance, and evaluation of disease control programs. The document outlines the components of a death certificate, including immediate cause of death, antecedent cause, other contributing conditions, and manner of death. It provides examples of completed death certificates and general tips for certification.
This document provides information on medical certification of cause of death. It defines death from legal, somatic, and encephalic perspectives. It outlines tests to confirm circulation, respiration, and brain stem death. It describes the key steps in determining the underlying cause of death, including establishing a chronology of conditions. It also discusses the importance of the death certificate for legal and statistical purposes and the doctor's duty to issue accurate certification in a timely manner.
Medical certification of cause of deathchetan samra
This document provides information and guidelines for certifying causes of death. It defines death, discusses the importance of accurate death certification, and provides examples of properly completed cause of death statements. Key points include that the cause of death statement should clearly indicate the direct cause as well as underlying conditions, avoid non-specific terms like "natural causes", and include relevant medical history like smoking even in Part II. Certifiers should be aware of reporting requirements and complete all sections of the certificate accurately.
There are three types of death defined in the document: somatic, molecular, and legal death. Legal death in India means the permanent disappearance of all signs of life after birth according to the Registration of Births and Deaths Act. The Transplantation of Human Organs Act further defines brain-stem death. A doctor is required to issue a death certificate listing the immediate cause of death and any significant contributing conditions based on their examination or information from relatives if no examination was possible. The certificate must be filed within 7 days without fee.
Brain Death concepts, Its changes and life after brain death, is the body still alive?? what are the determinants of brain death and who can declare it, bio ethical dimensions of nursing care in BD
DETERMINATION OF CAUSE, MANNER AND MECHANISM OF.pptxHarrisonMbohe
The document defines key terms related to determining cause of death:
1) Cause of death refers to the disease or injury that directly leads to death.
2) Manner of death describes the circumstances surrounding a death, such as whether it was natural, accidental, suicidal, or homicidal.
3) Mechanism of death is the specific physiological process, like hemorrhage or cardiac arrest, that is incompatible with life.
The document discusses various concepts related to death including the philosophical, legal, and medical definitions of death. It describes somatic (or clinical) death as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the brain, heart, and lungs. Brain death is considered legal death. Causes of sudden death include diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in 40-50% and 15-23% of cases respectively. Tests are described to determine and confirm death. Suspended animation is also addressed.
Salon 2 14 kasim 09.30 10.30 şeri̇fe gül şi̇mşek-ingtyfngnc
This document discusses cerebral death and organ transplantation. It begins by defining death and cerebral death. Cerebral death is the irreversible loss of brain and brain stem functions. The diagnosis of cerebral death requires the absence of brain stem reflexes and an apnea test to confirm the lack of spontaneous breathing. The document outlines Turkey's legal regulations regarding organ donation and transplantation. It emphasizes the importance of donor care after cerebral death to sustain organs and the roles of intensive care units and nurses in the donation process. Effective communication with patient families is key to gaining consent for organ donation. The conclusion stresses minimizing donor loss to benefit more patients through transplantation.
This document provides information about death certification in Uganda. It defines a death certificate as a documentary evidence stating the date, fact and cause of death issued by a medical professional or government. It notes that death certification is important for collecting mortality statistics, disease surveillance, and evaluation of disease control programs. The document outlines the components of a death certificate, including immediate cause of death, antecedent cause, other contributing conditions, and manner of death. It provides examples of completed death certificates and general tips for certification.
No statutory duty for doctors to report a death to Coroner
For cremations only, a 2nd and 3rd certificant are required - allowing some further scrutiny.
Around 45% of deaths end up referred to the Coroner
of these, about 50% have a PM and 12% have an inquest
Who can certify a death?
A doctor who attended the deceased in their last illness*
Must have seen the deceased within 2 weeks prior to death, or see them after death
Must be confident of the cause of death “to the best of your knowledge and belief”
All deaths not notified directly to Coroner will be scrutinised by an Independent Medical Examiner
Doctors will have statutory duty to notify reportable deaths to coroner
No separate crem forms - unified certification process via ME, fee charged for all death certifications
Estimated that only 35% of all deaths will be reported to Coroner
Independent judicial officer
Responsible for investigating certain categories of deaths, to establish the identity of the deceased, and how, when and where they came by their death.
Can order a post-mortem examination of the body, if needed to determine the cause of death.
Each Coroner has a defined area of jurisdiction
A body can only be moved from one jurisdiction to a neighbouring one, by formal arrangement between the Coroners.
Procurator Fiscal has a similar role in Scotland
Who: Rule 6. “fully registered medical practitioner” whenever practicable, by a pathologist with suitable qualifications and experience
Rule 7: “Coroner to notify persons of post-mortem to be made” - a list of properly interested persons to be informed of the PM and who may be present, or represented, at the PM
When: “as soon after the death of the deceased as is reasonably practicable”
Where: Rule 11. “(1) No post-mortem examination shall be made in a dwelling house or in licensed premises.(2) Every post-mortem examination shall be made in premises which are adequately equipped for the purpose of the examination.”
What: Rule 9. “A person making a post-mortem examination shall make provision, so far as possible, for the preservation of material which in his opinion bears upon the cause of death for such period as the coroner thinks fit” & “Schedule 2” - the format for the written report.
Bill Faloon gives update about human age-reversal clinical studiesmaximuspeto
In this presentation, Bill Faloon gives an update on clinical studies aimed and reversing age-related degeneration in humans at the DaVinci 50 Masters Conference in Key Largo, Florida on April 29th, 2021.
This document discusses chronic illnesses that are common in older adults, including heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease. Heart disease is the leading cause of death among older adults and is often due to atherosclerosis narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow. Cancer rates also increase with age due to long latency periods of carcinogens accumulating in the body over time. Stroke results from changes in the blood vessels supplying the brain and can cause paralysis or speech impairments. Risk factors for these conditions include smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity, and physical inactivity.
This document contains multiple questions asking to identify medical devices, procedures, and patient scenarios. For each, the responder is asked to identify the device/procedure/scenario, indicate relevant indications or contraindications, and describe management steps or potential complications. The questions cover a wide range of topics including imaging tests, laboratory investigations, medical procedures, ventilation devices, and patient presentation.
Case Presentation On Cerebrovascular Accident With Ischemic StrokeDR. METI.BHARATH KUMAR
The document presents a case report of a 47-year-old male patient admitted with weakness on the left side of his body, slurred speech, and nasal regurgitation. Imaging and labs confirmed an ischemic stroke in the right side of the brain. The patient's medical history includes diabetes and hypertension. Treatment included medications to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol, prevent infections, reduce acidity, thin blood, and aid recovery from stroke.
1. Death is defined as the complete and irreversible stoppage of respiration, circulation, and brain functions. It is a continuous process rather than a single event. 2. There are two phases of death - somatic death, which is the irreversible loss of integrated functioning of the organism, and molecular death, which is the death of individual organs and tissues. 3. Immediate changes that occur after death include insensibility, loss of reflexes, cessation of respiration and circulation, and a flat EEG rhythm. Early changes include eye changes, skin changes, muscular flaccidity, algor mortis, and postmortem lividity.
Indian Stroke Society Meeting, 1st May 2020, Stroke and COVID 19NishantKMishraMDPhDF
The document discusses stroke and COVID-19. It summarizes current global case and death counts related to COVID-19. It then discusses the clinical presentation and symptoms of COVID-19, how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells, and typical transmission routes. The document also summarizes the presentation and potential mechanisms of stroke in COVID-19 patients, including case studies. It concludes with recommendations for stroke care during the pandemic, including the use of telemedicine and strategies to minimize risk to healthcare workers.
Death and changes after death
This document discusses various topics related to death including:
1. Types of death such as somatic/clinical death and cellular/molecular death.
2. Diagnosis of death including criteria for brain death.
3. Differences between somatic and molecular death.
4. Modes, causes and manners of death. It also discusses topics like suspended animation and sudden death.
This document provides an overview of syncope (transient loss of consciousness). It defines syncope and discusses mechanisms and common causes. Cardiac causes include arrhythmias and structural heart issues. Common non-cardiac causes are neurocardiogenic syncope and orthostatic hypotension. The document outlines how to take a history and perform an exam for a syncope patient. It recommends ECG, monitoring, and risk stratification. The summary emphasizes differentiating cardiac from non-cardiac syncope, as cardiac causes have higher mortality and recommends not missing life-threatening conditions.
A complete study material for a good presentation for the subject advance nursing practice in MSc Nursing level. It is presented by Angelina samuel lal.
The document discusses the history and controversies surrounding the concept of brain death. It notes that while brain death was formalized in the 1960s to facilitate organ donation, debates continue around defining the precise criteria. Specifically, opinions differ on whether brain death requires the irreversible loss of whole brain or just brainstem functions, and how to properly determine irreversibility through clinical examinations and ancillary tests. However, the document argues that the clinical diagnosis of brain death is robust when performed by skilled examiners, and that uniform international standards could help address some of the ongoing controversies.
Electrocardiography fundamentals, common cardiovascular diseases, use of ECG in the detection of MI, abnormal bllod electrolyte levels, abnormal rhythms of the heart, tachcardia and bradycardia, prevention of heart diseases, the relevance of sports and exercise, CVD among women and prevention
S. mehta peripheral vascular disease and interventionAlysia Smith
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis in the lower extremities. Symptoms include intermittent claudication or pain in the calves, thighs, or hips with exercise that is relieved by rest. Diagnosis is made through physical exam including checking pulses and calculating the ankle-brachial index. Treatment goals are to relieve pain, heal wounds, avoid amputation, and limit the level of amputation through revascularization procedures. For non-healing wounds or gangrene, referral to a vascular specialist is important for angiosome-directed revascularization to restore straight-line blood flow to the affected area.
This document discusses stroke, including its classification, symptoms, and worldwide impact. It aims to comprehensively research stroke through understanding the disease, current treatment methods and their limitations, and molecular mechanisms involved. The goal is to propose or develop a faster and safer new diagnostic methodology than current methods to diagnose and treat stroke. Currently, diagnosis requires multiple tests like CT or MRI scans that take too much time, reducing treatment effectiveness. A new method replacing current diagnostic processes could improve diagnosis, reduce mortality and disability, and lower health costs for stroke patients.
This document discusses proper completion of medical certificates of cause of death. It begins by defining death and explaining the importance of death registration for public health data and benefits to families. Causes of death are defined as diseases or injuries directly leading to or contributing to death. The underlying cause is the initial disease/injury in the chain leading to death. Common errors in completing certificates include listing multiple causes per line, omitting time intervals, incorrect sequences, and abbreviations. Examples are provided of properly completed certificates for different causes of death like injuries, poisoning, and cancer.
MCCD - Medical Certification of Cause of DeathASHUTOSH POTDAR
1. The Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) form is an essential legal document that is used to dispose of dead bodies and for inheritance, insurance, and other legal purposes.
2. Properly completed MCCD forms are important for assessing public health programs, informing health policy, and deciding research priorities by providing data on disease-specific mortality rates and demographic information.
3. When filling out a MCCD form, the attending physician must certify the fact of death and identify the underlying cause, intermediate causes, and immediate cause of death. The cause of death must be written clearly and accurately without abbreviations to avoid errors.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the US. Someone has a stroke every 40 seconds, and every 4 minutes someone dies of stroke. The main risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and heart diseases. The signs of a stroke include sudden numbness, confusion, vision problems, trouble walking, and severe headache. Proper prevention methods include monitoring blood pressure and glucose, maintaining a healthy diet and weight, and engaging in regular physical activity.
This document discusses sudden coronary death and its causes, diagnosis, and emergency treatment. It defines sudden cardiac death as unexpected natural death from cardiac causes within 1 hour of symptom onset. The main causes are atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, nonatherosclerotic abnormalities of the coronary arteries, ventricular hypertrophy, acute heart failure, electrophysiological abnormalities, and central nervous system influences. Emergency therapy for clinical death involves immediate CPR and defibrillation to restart the heart, followed by medical stabilization and long-term treatment or procedures in the hospital.
The document discusses various topics related to modes of death from a forensic nursing perspective. It defines death as the permanent and irreversible cessation of the nervous, circulatory and respiratory systems. It describes three types of death: 1) somatic/systemic/clinical death which is the complete stoppage of vital functions, 2) cellular/molecular death which is death of individual tissues and cells, and 3) brain death which is the permanent cessation of brain function. It provides clinical criteria for determining cessation of the heart, breathing, and brain. It also discusses suspended animation, unexpected sudden death, and causes and medico-legal importance of different modes of death.
This document provides information about shock and its nursing management. It begins with an introduction to shock, defining it as a life-threatening condition caused by inadequate blood flow to tissues. It then outlines the stages of shock as initial, compensatory, progressive, and irreversible. The main types of shock discussed are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, and anaphylactic. For each type, causes, signs and symptoms, and nursing care are described. The document concludes with test questions to assess learning.
No statutory duty for doctors to report a death to Coroner
For cremations only, a 2nd and 3rd certificant are required - allowing some further scrutiny.
Around 45% of deaths end up referred to the Coroner
of these, about 50% have a PM and 12% have an inquest
Who can certify a death?
A doctor who attended the deceased in their last illness*
Must have seen the deceased within 2 weeks prior to death, or see them after death
Must be confident of the cause of death “to the best of your knowledge and belief”
All deaths not notified directly to Coroner will be scrutinised by an Independent Medical Examiner
Doctors will have statutory duty to notify reportable deaths to coroner
No separate crem forms - unified certification process via ME, fee charged for all death certifications
Estimated that only 35% of all deaths will be reported to Coroner
Independent judicial officer
Responsible for investigating certain categories of deaths, to establish the identity of the deceased, and how, when and where they came by their death.
Can order a post-mortem examination of the body, if needed to determine the cause of death.
Each Coroner has a defined area of jurisdiction
A body can only be moved from one jurisdiction to a neighbouring one, by formal arrangement between the Coroners.
Procurator Fiscal has a similar role in Scotland
Who: Rule 6. “fully registered medical practitioner” whenever practicable, by a pathologist with suitable qualifications and experience
Rule 7: “Coroner to notify persons of post-mortem to be made” - a list of properly interested persons to be informed of the PM and who may be present, or represented, at the PM
When: “as soon after the death of the deceased as is reasonably practicable”
Where: Rule 11. “(1) No post-mortem examination shall be made in a dwelling house or in licensed premises.(2) Every post-mortem examination shall be made in premises which are adequately equipped for the purpose of the examination.”
What: Rule 9. “A person making a post-mortem examination shall make provision, so far as possible, for the preservation of material which in his opinion bears upon the cause of death for such period as the coroner thinks fit” & “Schedule 2” - the format for the written report.
Bill Faloon gives update about human age-reversal clinical studiesmaximuspeto
In this presentation, Bill Faloon gives an update on clinical studies aimed and reversing age-related degeneration in humans at the DaVinci 50 Masters Conference in Key Largo, Florida on April 29th, 2021.
This document discusses chronic illnesses that are common in older adults, including heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease. Heart disease is the leading cause of death among older adults and is often due to atherosclerosis narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow. Cancer rates also increase with age due to long latency periods of carcinogens accumulating in the body over time. Stroke results from changes in the blood vessels supplying the brain and can cause paralysis or speech impairments. Risk factors for these conditions include smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity, and physical inactivity.
This document contains multiple questions asking to identify medical devices, procedures, and patient scenarios. For each, the responder is asked to identify the device/procedure/scenario, indicate relevant indications or contraindications, and describe management steps or potential complications. The questions cover a wide range of topics including imaging tests, laboratory investigations, medical procedures, ventilation devices, and patient presentation.
Case Presentation On Cerebrovascular Accident With Ischemic StrokeDR. METI.BHARATH KUMAR
The document presents a case report of a 47-year-old male patient admitted with weakness on the left side of his body, slurred speech, and nasal regurgitation. Imaging and labs confirmed an ischemic stroke in the right side of the brain. The patient's medical history includes diabetes and hypertension. Treatment included medications to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol, prevent infections, reduce acidity, thin blood, and aid recovery from stroke.
1. Death is defined as the complete and irreversible stoppage of respiration, circulation, and brain functions. It is a continuous process rather than a single event. 2. There are two phases of death - somatic death, which is the irreversible loss of integrated functioning of the organism, and molecular death, which is the death of individual organs and tissues. 3. Immediate changes that occur after death include insensibility, loss of reflexes, cessation of respiration and circulation, and a flat EEG rhythm. Early changes include eye changes, skin changes, muscular flaccidity, algor mortis, and postmortem lividity.
Indian Stroke Society Meeting, 1st May 2020, Stroke and COVID 19NishantKMishraMDPhDF
The document discusses stroke and COVID-19. It summarizes current global case and death counts related to COVID-19. It then discusses the clinical presentation and symptoms of COVID-19, how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells, and typical transmission routes. The document also summarizes the presentation and potential mechanisms of stroke in COVID-19 patients, including case studies. It concludes with recommendations for stroke care during the pandemic, including the use of telemedicine and strategies to minimize risk to healthcare workers.
Death and changes after death
This document discusses various topics related to death including:
1. Types of death such as somatic/clinical death and cellular/molecular death.
2. Diagnosis of death including criteria for brain death.
3. Differences between somatic and molecular death.
4. Modes, causes and manners of death. It also discusses topics like suspended animation and sudden death.
This document provides an overview of syncope (transient loss of consciousness). It defines syncope and discusses mechanisms and common causes. Cardiac causes include arrhythmias and structural heart issues. Common non-cardiac causes are neurocardiogenic syncope and orthostatic hypotension. The document outlines how to take a history and perform an exam for a syncope patient. It recommends ECG, monitoring, and risk stratification. The summary emphasizes differentiating cardiac from non-cardiac syncope, as cardiac causes have higher mortality and recommends not missing life-threatening conditions.
A complete study material for a good presentation for the subject advance nursing practice in MSc Nursing level. It is presented by Angelina samuel lal.
The document discusses the history and controversies surrounding the concept of brain death. It notes that while brain death was formalized in the 1960s to facilitate organ donation, debates continue around defining the precise criteria. Specifically, opinions differ on whether brain death requires the irreversible loss of whole brain or just brainstem functions, and how to properly determine irreversibility through clinical examinations and ancillary tests. However, the document argues that the clinical diagnosis of brain death is robust when performed by skilled examiners, and that uniform international standards could help address some of the ongoing controversies.
Electrocardiography fundamentals, common cardiovascular diseases, use of ECG in the detection of MI, abnormal bllod electrolyte levels, abnormal rhythms of the heart, tachcardia and bradycardia, prevention of heart diseases, the relevance of sports and exercise, CVD among women and prevention
S. mehta peripheral vascular disease and interventionAlysia Smith
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis in the lower extremities. Symptoms include intermittent claudication or pain in the calves, thighs, or hips with exercise that is relieved by rest. Diagnosis is made through physical exam including checking pulses and calculating the ankle-brachial index. Treatment goals are to relieve pain, heal wounds, avoid amputation, and limit the level of amputation through revascularization procedures. For non-healing wounds or gangrene, referral to a vascular specialist is important for angiosome-directed revascularization to restore straight-line blood flow to the affected area.
This document discusses stroke, including its classification, symptoms, and worldwide impact. It aims to comprehensively research stroke through understanding the disease, current treatment methods and their limitations, and molecular mechanisms involved. The goal is to propose or develop a faster and safer new diagnostic methodology than current methods to diagnose and treat stroke. Currently, diagnosis requires multiple tests like CT or MRI scans that take too much time, reducing treatment effectiveness. A new method replacing current diagnostic processes could improve diagnosis, reduce mortality and disability, and lower health costs for stroke patients.
This document discusses proper completion of medical certificates of cause of death. It begins by defining death and explaining the importance of death registration for public health data and benefits to families. Causes of death are defined as diseases or injuries directly leading to or contributing to death. The underlying cause is the initial disease/injury in the chain leading to death. Common errors in completing certificates include listing multiple causes per line, omitting time intervals, incorrect sequences, and abbreviations. Examples are provided of properly completed certificates for different causes of death like injuries, poisoning, and cancer.
MCCD - Medical Certification of Cause of DeathASHUTOSH POTDAR
1. The Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) form is an essential legal document that is used to dispose of dead bodies and for inheritance, insurance, and other legal purposes.
2. Properly completed MCCD forms are important for assessing public health programs, informing health policy, and deciding research priorities by providing data on disease-specific mortality rates and demographic information.
3. When filling out a MCCD form, the attending physician must certify the fact of death and identify the underlying cause, intermediate causes, and immediate cause of death. The cause of death must be written clearly and accurately without abbreviations to avoid errors.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the US. Someone has a stroke every 40 seconds, and every 4 minutes someone dies of stroke. The main risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and heart diseases. The signs of a stroke include sudden numbness, confusion, vision problems, trouble walking, and severe headache. Proper prevention methods include monitoring blood pressure and glucose, maintaining a healthy diet and weight, and engaging in regular physical activity.
This document discusses sudden coronary death and its causes, diagnosis, and emergency treatment. It defines sudden cardiac death as unexpected natural death from cardiac causes within 1 hour of symptom onset. The main causes are atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, nonatherosclerotic abnormalities of the coronary arteries, ventricular hypertrophy, acute heart failure, electrophysiological abnormalities, and central nervous system influences. Emergency therapy for clinical death involves immediate CPR and defibrillation to restart the heart, followed by medical stabilization and long-term treatment or procedures in the hospital.
The document discusses various topics related to modes of death from a forensic nursing perspective. It defines death as the permanent and irreversible cessation of the nervous, circulatory and respiratory systems. It describes three types of death: 1) somatic/systemic/clinical death which is the complete stoppage of vital functions, 2) cellular/molecular death which is death of individual tissues and cells, and 3) brain death which is the permanent cessation of brain function. It provides clinical criteria for determining cessation of the heart, breathing, and brain. It also discusses suspended animation, unexpected sudden death, and causes and medico-legal importance of different modes of death.
This document provides information about shock and its nursing management. It begins with an introduction to shock, defining it as a life-threatening condition caused by inadequate blood flow to tissues. It then outlines the stages of shock as initial, compensatory, progressive, and irreversible. The main types of shock discussed are hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, and anaphylactic. For each type, causes, signs and symptoms, and nursing care are described. The document concludes with test questions to assess learning.
Similar to Death Certification.pptx. MCCD ICD FORMS (20)
RIGHTS OF VICTIM AND ACCUSED-F NURSING.pptxvarunmodgil
The document discusses the rights that an arrested person is granted under Indian law to protect their dignity and ensure a fair trial process. It outlines 8 key rights of an arrested person as provided in the Indian Constitution and Code of Criminal Procedure, including the right to a fair trial, right to know the grounds of arrest, right to remain silent, right to be informed of bail provisions, and right to legal counsel. It also discusses a landmark Supreme Court case that established additional guidelines police must follow when making an arrest to prevent abuse and protect the rights of arrested individuals.
The document outlines the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act of 1994 in India. Some key points:
- It establishes rules and authorities to regulate the removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs and tissues for therapeutic purposes.
- An Appropriate Authority is established to oversee organ transplantation programs. Advisory committees will advise the Authority.
- Hospitals conducting organ/tissue removal, storage, or transplantation must be registered.
- Removal of organs requires authorization except in cases of unclaimed bodies or those sent for post-mortem examination.
- Commercial dealings in human organs and illegal organ removal/transplantation are prohibited and punishable by law.
The document summarizes the key aspects of fundamental rights as outlined in the Indian constitution. It discusses that fundamental rights are incorporated in Part III of the constitution from Articles 12-35. It also describes the six categories of fundamental rights - right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies. Additionally, it provides details on the composition and functions of the National Human Rights Commission of India.
Introduction to Forensic Science.ppt. forensic nursingvarunmodgil
The document provides an introduction to forensic science, including definitions, history, importance, structure of forensic science laboratories, analytical techniques, and methods of lie detection. It defines forensic science as the application of scientific methods to criminal cases, dealing with analysis of evidence. Some key points include that the first autopsy was of Julius Caesar, the first forensic lab was established in Calcutta in 1957, and analytical techniques discussed include chromatography, electrophoresis, spectroscopy, and microscopy. Methods of lie detection explained are polygraph testing, narcoanalysis, and brain fingerprinting.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
Comprehensive Rainy Season Advisory: Safety and Preparedness Tips.pdfDr Rachana Gujar
The "Comprehensive Rainy Season Advisory: Safety and Preparedness Tips" offers essential guidance for navigating rainy weather conditions. It covers strategies for staying safe during storms, flood prevention measures, and advice on preparing for inclement weather. This advisory aims to ensure individuals are equipped with the knowledge and resources to handle the challenges of the rainy season effectively, emphasizing safety, preparedness, and resilience.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdfLift Ability
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...nirahealhty
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
At Apollo Hospital, Lucknow, U.P., we provide specialized care for children experiencing dehydration and other symptoms. We also offer NICU & PICU Ambulance Facility Services. Consult our expert today for the best pediatric emergency care.
For More Details:
Map: https://cutt.ly/BwCeflYo
Name: Apollo Hospital
Address: Singar Nagar, LDA Colony, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012
Phone: 08429021957
Opening Hours: 24X7
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
2. DEATH…
“Complete, permanent and irreversible stoppage of
respiration, circulation and brain functions”
Legal definition: (under section 46 IPC=s. 2(6) B.N.S
2023)
“Permanent disappearance of all Evidence of life at any time after
live-birth has taken place”
(Section 2(b) of “The registration of births and deaths act, 1969”)
9. REGISTRATION OF BIRTH &
DEATHS ACT (RBD), 1969
Death certification
IMP PROVISIONS
•Section 10(3)
•Section 17(1)
10. WHAT IS DEATH CERTIFICATION?
•Death is not a moment
•Medical Certification of Cause of Death Scheme is
an important tool of obtaining authentic and
scientific information regarding causes of mortality
11. SHOULD KNOW…
• Cause of death
• Underlying cause of death
• Mechanism of death
• Manner of death
• Mode of death
12. CAUSE OF DEATH
• The cause of death is a disease, abnormality, injury or poisoning
that contributed directly or indirectly to death
• Any circumstances of the accident or violence which produced
any such injuries which is directly leading cause of Death
Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Acute Myocardial Infarction Pulmonary Embolism
CHAIN OF EVENTS
13. UNDERLYING CAUSE OF DEATH
• The disease or injury that initiated the chain of morbid
events leading directly to death.
• The circumstances of the accident or violence which
produced the fatal injury
Pedestrian Hit By Truck Multiple Fracture fat embolism
14. MECHANISM OF DEATH
•Physiological or biochemical derangement
produced by the cause of death that results in
death
•Hemorrhage, Septicemia, And Cardiac Arrhythmia
15. MANNER OF DEATH
It is way, fashion or circumstances of death.
Natural– when due to disease
• Cardiovascular condition e.g. MI
• Respiratory condition e.g. Asthma, COPD
• Tumor of brain with sudden hemorrhage
• Tumor of brain producing pressure
• Metabolic disorders e.g. uremia
16. Unnatural
• Accidental head injuries e.g. RTA
• Homicidal head injuries e.g. stab, lacerated, incised, firearm
• Suicidal head injuries e.g. firearm injury
• Poisoning e.g. Opium, alcohol
17. MODE OF DEATH
It is stoppage or failure of vital system
• Coma :- failure of function of brain
• Syncope :- failure of function of heart
• Asphyxia :- failure of function of respiratory system
18.
19.
20.
21. --KEY STEPS--
STEP 1:
ALWAYS read the case history and note the key events and conditions. Don’t
forget to consider signs and symptoms as well as negative symptoms
STEP 2:
ALWAYS establish a chronology of conditions which will list out the all
disease and events in the order in which they occurred before death
22. STEP 3:
ALWAYS determine the underlying cause of death(COD) which is the disease or
injury that started the chains of the events the lead to death of the individual
Remember to always check which disease, injury or event came first
STEP 4:
ALWAYS try to use ICD- 10 terminology, which is clear and universally accepted,
when recording the underlying COD
This also help avoid confusion between similar terms and abbreviations
23. A DIABETIC MAN WHO HAD BEEN UNDER INSULIN CONTROL FOR MANY YEARS
DEVELOPED ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND DIED SUDDENLY FROM A MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION. DEPENDING ON THE PHYSICIAN’S DOCUMENTED MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS,
THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATIONS ARE POSSIBLE AND WOULD BE ACCEPTABLE: :
1. If the physician considered that the heart condition resulted from the long-
standing diabetes,
the sequence would be:
• Part I (a) Myocardial infarction..........................1 hour
due to
• (b) Chronic ischemic heart disease..........5 years
due to
• (c) Diabetes mellitus..............................12 years
24. 2. If the physician considered that the heart condition developed
independently of the diabetes,
the certification would be:
• Part I (a) Myocardial infarction................................................1 hour
due to
• (b) Chronic ischemic heart disease..............................5 years
• Part II Diabetes mellitus….............................................12 years
25. A LADY WAS ADMITTED WITH 80% SUICIDAL BURNS INJURIES DIED
OF SEPTICEMIA AFTER 3 DAYS OF ADMISSION.
Part I(a) Septicemic shock ------------------3 days
(b) Burn(80% superficial & deep)- 3 days
(c) Intentional self harm by fire & flames-3 days
back
Part II ..............Nil
Manner of death
1. Natural 2. Accident 3. Suicide 4. Homicide 5. pending investigation
Self Harm By Fire Burns Septicemic Shock
26. CASE
A 59 Years old male was admitted to the hospital with shock & with
signs of septicemia along with gangrene of (Lt) foot. Patient had
swelling of Lt foot and fever since 3 days. He had H/O COPD due
to chronic bronchitis and had Diabetes since 5 years. Patient had
diagnosed as C/O carcinoma of pancreas and operated for the
same 5 years back. Patient died 2 days after admission due to
septicemic shock.
27.
28.
29. CASE
A 59 Years old male was admitted to the hospital with shock & with
signs of septicemia along with gangrene of (Lt) foot. Patient had
swelling of lt foot and fever since 3 days. He had H/O COPD due to
chronic bronchitis and had Diabetes since 5 years. Patient had
diagnosed as C/O carcinoma of pancreas and operated for the
same 5 years back. Patient died 2 days after admission due to
septicemic shock.
30.
31. CASE
70 years old female was admitted to the hospital for
fracture neck femur 6 hours back due to fall in a
bathroom. She was known diabetic since 10 years and
hypertensive since 15 years. Open reduction of the
fracture was advised but operation was delayed for
fitness, as BSL was not within normal limits. On 6th day,
patient deteriorated becoming severely breathless and
had sudden collapse showing signs of pulmonary
embolism. Patient died after 5 hours
32.
33. CASE
• 70 years old female was admitted to the hospital for
fracture neck femur 6 days back due to fall in a bathroom
2 days back. She was known diabetic since 10 years and
hypertensive since 15 years. Open reduction of the
fracture was advised but operation was delayed for
fitness, as BSL was not within normal limits. On 6th day
patient deteriorated becoming severe breathless and had
sudden collapse showing signs of pulmonary embolism.
Patient died within hours
35. BE AWARE OF COMMON ERRORS
• Inverted COD sequence with Underlying Cause of Death on top
• Recording Contributory Cause of Death in part I
• Leaving the time intervals column blank
• Not using ICD-IO terminology to record the Underlying Cause of
Death
• Recording Underlying Cause of Death in part II
• Wrong COD sequence with intermediate causes of death mixed
up
36. BE AWARE OF COMMON ERRORS
• Recording the mode of death instead of the immediate cause of death
• Recording Contributory cause of death as the Underlying cause of
death
• Mistakes in entering the name, age, sex, date and time of death and
socio-demographic information on the form
• Use of abbreviations
• Unclear handwriting
• Multiple cause of death entries on one line in the cause of death
sequence
38. LEGAL AND PROTECTIVE
USES
• For claiming family allowance
• Hospital reimbursement
• Life insurance claims
• Obtaining a probate or succession certificate
• Settling inheritance/property claims
• Releasing provident fund claims
• Deleting the deceased name from the Government and official documents.
• For public safety, accident prevention and eradication programs.
39. DUTY OF THE DOCTOR
• Who attended the person in last 7 days.
• Fill the prescribed format form 4.
• should not sign medical certificate of cause of death in advance
• No refusal / no delay.
• No fee.
• Forward to the registering authority.
• The death report (Form 2) and MCCD (Form 4/4A) should reach the registrar with in
14 days of occurrence of death.
• Symptomatology or modes of death should not be recorded as cause of death
without mentioning the underlying pathological cause
40. WHEN NOT TO ISSUE
1. The injured is brought dead
2. A crime has already been registering by the police.
3. The police has already been informed about the case.
4. The cause of death is unknown.
5. When the brought dead is not examined or seen by doctor within
14 days.