Dealth of dollar How real it is - Rupesh Gaikwad, Shreyak Shah, Suvrat Dayal, Vinayak Sanil
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The US dollar declined in value for several reasons, including the Vietnam War, doubts in international markets, and countries needing dollar reserves to purchase oil from OPEC after 1971. Iraq later started selling oil in euros instead of dollars. While the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 reversed this change, the dollar has continued sliding due to concerns over the large US budget deficit and trade imbalance. Foreign purchases of US treasury securities and stocks have helped stabilize the dollar since early 2009, though its value remains dependent on global risk appetite and returns on dollar-denominated assets.
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This document discusses factors that have contributed to the decline of the US dollar as the global reserve currency since the 1960s, including the Vietnam War, doubts in international markets, OPEC requiring dollar reserves for oil purchases, and Iraq beginning to sell oil in euros. It also examines more recent factors like the global financial crisis, US trade and capital account deficits, foreign purchases of US assets, and central bank actions that have impacted the value of the dollar. Key reasons identified for the dollar's recent decline include reduced demand for safe haven US assets and foreign investors seeking higher yields elsewhere.
The Value of the Renminbi
The Renminbi (RMB) was first issued in 1949 and China instituted a dual currency system in 1978 with the RMB only usable domestically. In the late 1980s and 1990s, China worked to make the RMB more convertible on current accounts. From 1994 to 2005, China pegged the informal value of the RMB to the US dollar. In the 2000s, the US pressured China to appreciate the RMB to decrease Chinese exports and preserve US manufacturing jobs. China resisted due to concerns over affecting exports and jobs. RMB appreciation could impact China's economy, exports, investment, and production while benefiting consumers and potentially creating new jobs through innovation and industrial upgrading.
Economic Times Mobile Nov 25, 2009 Worried Over Weak Dollar, India, China Cut...
Economic Times Mobile Nov 25, 2009 Worried Over Weak Dollar, India, China Cut...Jagannadham Thunuguntla
The bearishness on the US dollar, according to Jagannadham Thunuguntla, equity head, SMC Capitals, is because globally there are serious concerns about the high US fiscal deficit and the possible downgrading of US sovereign credit rating by credit rating agencies.Commodity Updates
Gold and silver declined as the US dollar appreciated after US Treasury Secretary Geithner said major currencies were aligned. Crude oil witnessed correction as the US dollar rose and China's economy grew at its slowest pace in a year. Copper prices were little changed as China's economic growth met expectations, though base metals may see some correction as China's growth slowed; long-term demand from quantitative easing and China remains robust.
INVESTORS - Chasing SAFER Investments (US Treasury Bonds)
Investors are seeking alternatives to U.S. and German government bonds as yields have fallen to extremely low and even negative levels. With inflation expected to be around 2% annually, bonds yielding less than 1.5% will result in real losses for investors. Other safer havens such as cash, gold, and inflation-protected securities are becoming more appealing as the costs of hiding in bonds continues to rise. There is concern that further monetary easing could drive bond prices up but also increase the risk of losses for investors if rates eventually rise from current low levels.
Ex11 b
The weakening Japanese yen helps Japanese exports become cheaper and more competitive in global markets, but it also makes imports into Japan and overseas travel more expensive. While a weaker yen stimulates export-driven industries, it raises costs for import-reliant industries and consumers. There are also concerns that higher prices from a weak yen could reduce domestic consumption in Japan. Overall, a weak yen both helps and harms different parts of the Japanese economy.
Gradipe04
The document discusses key concepts in international political economy such as exchange rates, trade balances, key currencies, and structural imbalances. It also examines important events that shaped the international monetary system such as the Nixon Shock of 1971 which ended the gold standard, the Plaza Accord of 1985 which sought to depreciate the US dollar, and several financial crises including those in Mexico in 1994, Asia in 1997-1998, Russia in 1998, and the global financial crisis of 2008.
Risk management
This document provides information about various economic and financial crises throughout history:
- The 1920 World War had major effects on markets in European countries, Germany, Italy, Japan and America. Inflation rose to 11-14% and America lost $12 million.
- The 1937 Great Recession lasted for 13 months and unemployment in America increased from 14% to 19%.
- In 1971, the fixed exchange rate system known as the Bretton Woods System broke down, negatively impacting international trade.
- High oil prices in 1973 and resulting high inflation drove interest rates up to 20% in some areas.
- The 1987 Black Monday stock market crash saw a 23% decline in U.S. stock prices
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This document discusses factors that have contributed to the decline of the US dollar as the global reserve currency since the 1960s, including the Vietnam War, doubts in international markets, OPEC requiring dollar reserves for oil purchases, and Iraq beginning to sell oil in euros. It also examines more recent factors like the global financial crisis, US trade and capital account deficits, foreign purchases of US assets, and central bank actions that have impacted the value of the dollar. Key reasons identified for the dollar's recent decline include reduced demand for safe haven US assets and foreign investors seeking higher yields elsewhere.
The Value of the Renminbi
The Renminbi (RMB) was first issued in 1949 and China instituted a dual currency system in 1978 with the RMB only usable domestically. In the late 1980s and 1990s, China worked to make the RMB more convertible on current accounts. From 1994 to 2005, China pegged the informal value of the RMB to the US dollar. In the 2000s, the US pressured China to appreciate the RMB to decrease Chinese exports and preserve US manufacturing jobs. China resisted due to concerns over affecting exports and jobs. RMB appreciation could impact China's economy, exports, investment, and production while benefiting consumers and potentially creating new jobs through innovation and industrial upgrading.
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Economic Times Mobile Nov 25, 2009 Worried Over Weak Dollar, India, China Cut...Jagannadham Thunuguntla
The bearishness on the US dollar, according to Jagannadham Thunuguntla, equity head, SMC Capitals, is because globally there are serious concerns about the high US fiscal deficit and the possible downgrading of US sovereign credit rating by credit rating agencies.Commodity Updates
Gold and silver declined as the US dollar appreciated after US Treasury Secretary Geithner said major currencies were aligned. Crude oil witnessed correction as the US dollar rose and China's economy grew at its slowest pace in a year. Copper prices were little changed as China's economic growth met expectations, though base metals may see some correction as China's growth slowed; long-term demand from quantitative easing and China remains robust.
INVESTORS - Chasing SAFER Investments (US Treasury Bonds)
Investors are seeking alternatives to U.S. and German government bonds as yields have fallen to extremely low and even negative levels. With inflation expected to be around 2% annually, bonds yielding less than 1.5% will result in real losses for investors. Other safer havens such as cash, gold, and inflation-protected securities are becoming more appealing as the costs of hiding in bonds continues to rise. There is concern that further monetary easing could drive bond prices up but also increase the risk of losses for investors if rates eventually rise from current low levels.
Ex11 b
The weakening Japanese yen helps Japanese exports become cheaper and more competitive in global markets, but it also makes imports into Japan and overseas travel more expensive. While a weaker yen stimulates export-driven industries, it raises costs for import-reliant industries and consumers. There are also concerns that higher prices from a weak yen could reduce domestic consumption in Japan. Overall, a weak yen both helps and harms different parts of the Japanese economy.
Gradipe04
The document discusses key concepts in international political economy such as exchange rates, trade balances, key currencies, and structural imbalances. It also examines important events that shaped the international monetary system such as the Nixon Shock of 1971 which ended the gold standard, the Plaza Accord of 1985 which sought to depreciate the US dollar, and several financial crises including those in Mexico in 1994, Asia in 1997-1998, Russia in 1998, and the global financial crisis of 2008.
Risk management
This document provides information about various economic and financial crises throughout history:
- The 1920 World War had major effects on markets in European countries, Germany, Italy, Japan and America. Inflation rose to 11-14% and America lost $12 million.
- The 1937 Great Recession lasted for 13 months and unemployment in America increased from 14% to 19%.
- In 1971, the fixed exchange rate system known as the Bretton Woods System broke down, negatively impacting international trade.
- High oil prices in 1973 and resulting high inflation drove interest rates up to 20% in some areas.
- The 1987 Black Monday stock market crash saw a 23% decline in U.S. stock prices
Do you think the weakening Japanese yen is helping the Japanese economy to re...
The weakening Japanese yen is not effectively helping revive the Japanese economy. The yen has been strengthening against the dollar for 20 years due to Japan's aging population slowing growth, high public debt, and low interest rates making Japanese assets attractive places for investors to park money. For the yen to weaken and the economy to bounce back, Japan would need policies to boost growth and interest rates to make Japanese investments less appealing than alternatives.
India rupee lower as shares fall oil gains rbi likely steps in
The Indian rupee fell to a one-week low against the dollar in early trade, as appetite for risk assets remain muted, while Brent crude prices jumped above the $65 per barrel mark. Risk-off rally in the global markets and surge in crude prices weighed on the rupee, despite subdued dollar index amid weak U.S. retail sales data. We believe, likely dollar sales by some state-run banks and a private lender on behalf of the central bank in small quantum will slow down the pace of depreciation.
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In this piece, RocSearch discusses various factors contributing to the US dollar liquidity, arguing that those factors have undergone a structural change in recent years. We also highlight the US Federal Reserve’s stance on future rate hikes amidst continued squeeze in dollar liquidity conditions.
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The US debt crisis arose from a lack of economic growth following the 2008 financial crisis, leading to widening gaps between government outlays and revenues. By 2011, the debt exceeded $14 trillion and approached the debt ceiling, risking default. To address this, Congress agreed to raise the ceiling while implementing plans to increase taxes and cut over $1 trillion in spending. Currently, the US debt totals over $15 trillion and foreign countries like China and Japan own large portions, with China owning over $1 trillion in treasury bonds.
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The FOMC minutes revealed disagreement among members about whether to raise rates in September. This uncertainty is causing volatility in markets. While some signals point to a rate hike, others suggest the Fed may pause due to concerns over a slowing Chinese economy and its potential impact on the US. Commodities have continued declining, suggesting weakness in the global economy. The Fed faces challenges in responding to economic troubles abroad while the US risks being impacted as well.
Why is the japanese yen so strong
The Japanese yen has strengthened against the US dollar over the past 20 years. The yen grows stronger when demand for yens is high, such as when exports from Japan create demand for yen to purchase Japanese goods, or when foreign investment in Japanese assets increases demand. Conversely, the yen weakens when supply of yens is high, such as when imports to Japan increase the supply of yen. The yen's strengthening reflects net currency inflows into Japan through trade and investment.
What Does a Strong Dollar Mean?
http://www.options-trading-education.com/24475/what-does-a-strong-dollar-mean/
What Does a Strong Dollar Mean?
The Fed is getting ready to raise interest rates and drive the U. S. dollar higher. One of many places where this is not good news is farm country. What does a strong dollar mean to farmers? It means less money from exports. Farm Futures says that a strong dollar hangs over the market.
Storms bypassed the Farm Progress Show site in Boone, Iowa, Monday, but left their mark in the futures trade, when wheat plunged to a new 10-year low, taking corn to new contract lows too. A strong dollar was partly to blame. The greenback is strengthening again this morning, leaving grain futures mixed following a Crop Progress report that showed corn and soybeans still in good shape.
Forty percent of world corn exports come from the USA. The USA is the world leader in soybean production at 34% and its leading exporter. The USA produces 8.5% of world wheat and has 15% of exports. The USA is the 4th ranking beef exporter at 11.56% of world market. All of these commodities are sensitive to the value of the US dollar in relation to other currencies. What a strong US dollar means to farmers is fewer exports and lower prices.
Oil and the US Dollar
When the dollar goes up the price of oil goes down, as valued in dollars. Reuters reports that oil falls on the strong dollar as well as a supply glut.
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The Japanese yen has strengthened against the US dollar over the last 20 years due to net capital inflows into Japan. The yen is seen as a safe haven currency, and Japanese interest rates are among the lowest in the world, making Japan an attractive place to park money. However, a strong yen hurts Japan's export-driven economy. The document analyzes reasons for the yen's strength and its implications.
India rupee jumps to 1 month high on likely dollar inflows
The Indian rupee rose to a one-month high against the dollar, helped by banks’ greenback sales likely on behalf of their custodial clients who stepped up investments into local markets. Rupee’s appreciation is not due to any changes in the fundamentals but because of expectations of fund inflows, therefore some strength in the local currency may continue in the near term. However, weak local shares and uptick in dollar index along with rebound in the oil prices limited larger gains in the rupee. For further cues U.S.-China trade talks will be closely watched by the investors.
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The Philippine peso is expected to remain weak for the rest of the year as the winding down of the US Federal Reserve's bond-buying program puts pressure on regional currencies. While the peso is resilient, it will still feel the effects of financial volatility in the region. However, economists note that the Philippines is better positioned than other countries due to its current account surplus and high foreign reserves of $83 billion, enough to cover a year of imports.
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The document discusses potential scenarios for the future of the US dollar and its role as a reserve currency. It begins with a market update and then outlines three scenarios: 1) A benign decline in the dollar similar to 2002-2007. 2) The dollar strengthening after the end of quantitative easing as interest rates rise. 3) The dollar losing its status as the dominant reserve currency in a drastic unwinding triggered by a geopolitical event or debt default. The document then analyzes relationships between the dollar, interest rates, quantitative easing, equities, and commodities. It notes China's growing role in banking and discusses the yuan as a potential future reserve currency.
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- Jerome Powell's comments after the July FOMC meeting shifted expectations from a hawkish to dovish Fed, boosting gold prices and weakening the US dollar initially.
- However, the fundamental outlook for gold remains challenging in the medium term due to high US debt levels, the Fed's limited control over long-term yields, and other headwinds facing the metal.
- While dovish Fed policy has helped spark a recent rally in gold and other precious metals, these upside catalysts may fade in the coming months as the impacts of Powell's remarks reverse and short-term trading drivers change.
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The document discusses factors impacting gold prices globally. It notes that expected interest rate hikes in the US, a slowing Chinese economy, a strengthening US dollar, low global inflation, and central banks purchasing less gold are putting downward pressure on gold prices. Gold is also losing favor as an investment as higher returns can be found elsewhere with rising borrowing costs. The relationship between the US dollar and commodity prices like gold is also examined.
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Financial Chronicle Nov 20, 2009 Is India Shying Away From Dollar Assets
"This reduction may be due to the fact that India wants to re-channelise their forex reserves more into non-dollar assets. The recent acquisition of 200 tonnes of gold by India is also strengthening this view. With this less exposure to the US treasury bonds means that, India is least vulnerable to the US dollar depreciation in comparison to its Bric peers, with least exposure to the US treasury bonds as percentage of its forex reserves," Jagannadham Thunuguntla, equity head, SMC Capitals, a Delhi-based merchant bank said
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The Indian Rupee stayed in a fairly tight range during the month of September as a number of factors worked in its favour to keep the RBI busy in preventing a runaway appreciation of the currency. Touching 72.85 briefly on 1st September after the shock withdrawal of RBI support for the USD at 74.80 levels through July and August the dollar received support for
the month of September as the RBI continued to add to its foreign exchange reserves
India rupee gains tracking lower crude prices
The Indian rupee rose against the dollar in early trade, tracking a drop in Brent crude prices, even as sentiments remain subdued on renewed worries over U.S.-China trade relations. Lower crude oil prices lifted the rupee, However, weak sentiments in the global markets as U.S.-China trade worries are back in focus may keep the gains limited.
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India rupee lower as shares fall oil gains rbi likely steps in
The Indian rupee fell to a one-week low against the dollar in early trade, as appetite for risk assets remain muted, while Brent crude prices jumped above the $65 per barrel mark. Risk-off rally in the global markets and surge in crude prices weighed on the rupee, despite subdued dollar index amid weak U.S. retail sales data. We believe, likely dollar sales by some state-run banks and a private lender on behalf of the central bank in small quantum will slow down the pace of depreciation.
What's causing the US Dollar liquidity squeeze? march 11 2016
In this piece, RocSearch discusses various factors contributing to the US dollar liquidity, arguing that those factors have undergone a structural change in recent years. We also highlight the US Federal Reserve’s stance on future rate hikes amidst continued squeeze in dollar liquidity conditions.
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Why is the japanese yen so strong
The Japanese yen has strengthened against the US dollar over the past 20 years. The yen grows stronger when demand for yens is high, such as when exports from Japan create demand for yen to purchase Japanese goods, or when foreign investment in Japanese assets increases demand. Conversely, the yen weakens when supply of yens is high, such as when imports to Japan increase the supply of yen. The yen's strengthening reflects net currency inflows into Japan through trade and investment.
What Does a Strong Dollar Mean?
http://www.options-trading-education.com/24475/what-does-a-strong-dollar-mean/
What Does a Strong Dollar Mean?
The Fed is getting ready to raise interest rates and drive the U. S. dollar higher. One of many places where this is not good news is farm country. What does a strong dollar mean to farmers? It means less money from exports. Farm Futures says that a strong dollar hangs over the market.
Storms bypassed the Farm Progress Show site in Boone, Iowa, Monday, but left their mark in the futures trade, when wheat plunged to a new 10-year low, taking corn to new contract lows too. A strong dollar was partly to blame. The greenback is strengthening again this morning, leaving grain futures mixed following a Crop Progress report that showed corn and soybeans still in good shape.
Forty percent of world corn exports come from the USA. The USA is the world leader in soybean production at 34% and its leading exporter. The USA produces 8.5% of world wheat and has 15% of exports. The USA is the 4th ranking beef exporter at 11.56% of world market. All of these commodities are sensitive to the value of the US dollar in relation to other currencies. What a strong US dollar means to farmers is fewer exports and lower prices.
Oil and the US Dollar
When the dollar goes up the price of oil goes down, as valued in dollars. Reuters reports that oil falls on the strong dollar as well as a supply glut.
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New week starts, it is time for us – futures traders - to be back to review futures markets to see what should we note for our trading in the next few days. Are you ready?
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The Japanese yen has strengthened against the US dollar over the last 20 years due to net capital inflows into Japan. The yen is seen as a safe haven currency, and Japanese interest rates are among the lowest in the world, making Japan an attractive place to park money. However, a strong yen hurts Japan's export-driven economy. The document analyzes reasons for the yen's strength and its implications.
India rupee jumps to 1 month high on likely dollar inflows
The Indian rupee rose to a one-month high against the dollar, helped by banks’ greenback sales likely on behalf of their custodial clients who stepped up investments into local markets. Rupee’s appreciation is not due to any changes in the fundamentals but because of expectations of fund inflows, therefore some strength in the local currency may continue in the near term. However, weak local shares and uptick in dollar index along with rebound in the oil prices limited larger gains in the rupee. For further cues U.S.-China trade talks will be closely watched by the investors.
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The Philippine peso is expected to remain weak for the rest of the year as the winding down of the US Federal Reserve's bond-buying program puts pressure on regional currencies. While the peso is resilient, it will still feel the effects of financial volatility in the region. However, economists note that the Philippines is better positioned than other countries due to its current account surplus and high foreign reserves of $83 billion, enough to cover a year of imports.
Future of the USD War Room Slides
The document discusses potential scenarios for the future of the US dollar and its role as a reserve currency. It begins with a market update and then outlines three scenarios: 1) A benign decline in the dollar similar to 2002-2007. 2) The dollar strengthening after the end of quantitative easing as interest rates rise. 3) The dollar losing its status as the dominant reserve currency in a drastic unwinding triggered by a geopolitical event or debt default. The document then analyzes relationships between the dollar, interest rates, quantitative easing, equities, and commodities. It notes China's growing role in banking and discusses the yuan as a potential future reserve currency.
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- Jerome Powell's comments after the July FOMC meeting shifted expectations from a hawkish to dovish Fed, boosting gold prices and weakening the US dollar initially.
- However, the fundamental outlook for gold remains challenging in the medium term due to high US debt levels, the Fed's limited control over long-term yields, and other headwinds facing the metal.
- While dovish Fed policy has helped spark a recent rally in gold and other precious metals, these upside catalysts may fade in the coming months as the impacts of Powell's remarks reverse and short-term trading drivers change.
Gold
The document discusses factors impacting gold prices globally. It notes that expected interest rate hikes in the US, a slowing Chinese economy, a strengthening US dollar, low global inflation, and central banks purchasing less gold are putting downward pressure on gold prices. Gold is also losing favor as an investment as higher returns can be found elsewhere with rising borrowing costs. The relationship between the US dollar and commodity prices like gold is also examined.
Economic Forcast Us&Japan 012710
The document discusses US-Japan diplomatic relations and economic forecasts for 2010. It focuses on the new Democratic Party of Japan government led by Prime Minister Hatoyama and key issues in the US-Japan alliance like the planned relocation of the Futenma military base in Okinawa. It also provides economic growth forecasts for major countries and regions for 2009-2011, highlighting concerns around unemployment in the US and Japan.
Financial Chronicle Nov 20, 2009 Is India Shying Away From Dollar Assets
"This reduction may be due to the fact that India wants to re-channelise their forex reserves more into non-dollar assets. The recent acquisition of 200 tonnes of gold by India is also strengthening this view. With this less exposure to the US treasury bonds means that, India is least vulnerable to the US dollar depreciation in comparison to its Bric peers, with least exposure to the US treasury bonds as percentage of its forex reserves," Jagannadham Thunuguntla, equity head, SMC Capitals, a Delhi-based merchant bank said
Summary of 3 articles on American Economy
It's a summary of three articles about the American economy. These articles are about three totally different subjects but you can actually link them to one another.
Inr outlook october 2020
The Indian Rupee stayed in a fairly tight range during the month of September as a number of factors worked in its favour to keep the RBI busy in preventing a runaway appreciation of the currency. Touching 72.85 briefly on 1st September after the shock withdrawal of RBI support for the USD at 74.80 levels through July and August the dollar received support for
the month of September as the RBI continued to add to its foreign exchange reserves
India rupee gains tracking lower crude prices
The Indian rupee rose against the dollar in early trade, tracking a drop in Brent crude prices, even as sentiments remain subdued on renewed worries over U.S.-China trade relations. Lower crude oil prices lifted the rupee, However, weak sentiments in the global markets as U.S.-China trade worries are back in focus may keep the gains limited.
fannie mae Investor Summary Credit Supplement
Fannie Mae's mortgage portfolio totaled $2.4 trillion as of Q3 2007, with a weighted average borrower FICO score of 721 and original loan-to-value ratio of 71%. The portfolio included $55.9 billion in subprime and $359.1 billion in Alt-A loans. Regions with higher serious delinquency rates included California, Florida, Arizona, and Nevada. Fannie Mae was seeing declines in the sales price to unpaid principal balance ratio for REO properties from 93% in 2005 to 86% in 2007 Q1-Q3, driven by falling home prices especially in regions such as Michigan, Ohio, Florida, California, Arizona and Nevada.
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The document provides details about upcoming features in Bike Magazine including secret mountain biking destinations around America that are off the beaten path, a profile of talented rider Ross Schnell, and photos of the unique trail network at Black Rock, Oregon which is gaining popularity as a freeride destination while remaining relatively unknown. The editorial also references an upcoming trip by the magazine staff to Kernville, California to explore another of the hidden bike destinations featured in the issue.
Código de ética del Ingeniero en sistemas computacionales
Este documento presenta el Código de Ética del Ingeniero en Sistemas Computacionales. Se compone de 8 principios que guían el comportamiento ético de los ingenieros de software en relación con la sociedad, los clientes, los productos, el juicio profesional, la administración y la profesión. Los principios enfatizan la responsabilidad hacia los usuarios finales, la calidad del producto, la honestidad y la integridad en las relaciones laborales.
1.evidencia de lectura k.lovell desarrollo de los conceptos basicos matematic...
El documento describe los procesos de percepción, abstracción y generalización que los niños utilizan para desarrollar conceptos matemáticos básicos. Explica que la percepción surge de la experiencia directa con el entorno, mientras que los conceptos se forman a través de la discriminación de propiedades de objetos y eventos y la generalización de descubrimientos. El orden en que ocurren estos procesos es: percepción, abstracción y generalización, lo que conduce a la formación de conceptos como juicios generalizados apo
La Nuova Mobilità Sostenibile - Un progetto Smart di Generplus SpA
Stiamo progettando una Nuova Mobilità Sostenibile da sviluppare assieme a privati e ad Istituzioni. Il progetto è articolato in molti punti e permette di affiancare la normale circuitazione con mezzi termini con quella su veicoli elettrici. La possibilità di realizzare un Car Sharing free roaming, completamente interconnesso, alimentato da fonti rinnovabili, può essere il vanto dei luoghi che andranno ad implementarla.
Questo progetto offre anche opportunità di lavoro a nuove società o a cooperative che decideranno di affiancarsi a noi e gestire nei loro luoghi di appartenenza il servizio.
Gli utenti di questo innovativo modo di vivere ecologicamente i propri spostamenti potranno usufruire di tutto un sistema di percorsi turistici, enogastronomici, culturali e vivere assieme alla comunità online che si svilupperà sui nostri canali Web un nuovo modo di condividere luoghi, eventi, esperienze.
L'affiliazione con gli esercenti e le Istituzioni locali permetterà inoltre agli utenti di poter usufruire del servizio con forti sconti sui prezzi di noleggio in virtù delle realtà che andranno a visitare e dei prodotti locali che acquisteranno durante la loro permanenza.
Un veicolo elettrico come guida, come hub e come luogo di scambio di idee, gusti e condivisioni.
Forma, espacio y medida.
El documento presenta un resumen de una actividad didáctica realizada por una alumna de la Escuela Normal de Educación Preescolar con un grupo de niños de 3ro B en el Jardín de Niños Octavio Paz. La actividad se llamó "Dentro y fuera del aro" y tuvo como objetivo que los niños construyeran sistemas de referencia en relación con la ubicación espacial. La alumna explicó las instrucciones de la actividad, guió a los niños siguiendo indicaciones de movimiento, y concluyó que la
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Código de ética del Ingeniero en sistemas computacionales
Código de ética del Ingeniero en sistemas computacionales
1.evidencia de lectura k.lovell desarrollo de los conceptos basicos matematic...
1.evidencia de lectura k.lovell desarrollo de los conceptos basicos matematic...
La Nuova Mobilità Sostenibile - Un progetto Smart di Generplus SpA
La Nuova Mobilità Sostenibile - Un progetto Smart di Generplus SpA
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Poster presentations.com 36x48-template-v5
The document discusses the global financial crisis of 2008. It began in the US due to risky subprime mortgages and the securitization and trading of mortgage-backed securities. As housing prices fell and borrowers defaulted, major financial institutions that had invested in these securities collapsed, resulting in a global credit crunch. This caused recessions around the world as global trade declined. While Pakistan's financial sector was not directly impacted, its economy still suffered effects through slowing global demand and reduced foreign investment.
The Financial Tsunami Credit Crisis
The document summarizes the global financial crisis that originated from the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States. It discusses how risky subprime loans were packaged and sold as securities, which spread the risk throughout the global financial system. This led to the collapse of major investment banks like Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch in 2008. Government bailouts across countries totaled over $1 trillion as the crisis threatened the entire global banking system. The crisis had ripple effects across international markets and in India through a falling rupee and stock market declines.
Who owns the US National Debt
The US national debt totals $19.9 trillion, with nearly half owned by government agencies and retirement funds like Social Security. The Social Security Trust Fund alone owns $2.8 trillion of treasury bonds. Another large portion is owned by the public, including foreign governments like China and Japan, as well as US agencies like the Federal Reserve. While foreign ownership is often cited, in reality individual Americans have the largest stake in the national debt through these retirement funds.
Final ppt eco
The document discusses the recession in the United States, defining it as a contraction of GDP for at least two quarters. It then discusses the causes of recessions, including decreased consumer confidence leading to lower spending, production and higher unemployment. It also covers the subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. and its role in the 2007-2008 recession, with many subprime borrowers defaulting as home prices fell. This caused losses for banks and helped spread the crisis globally.
Credit crisis
A credit crisis occurs when the availability of loans decreases or the cost of loans increases suddenly. It is often caused by a period of reckless lending that results in losses for lenders when borrowers default on loans. The 2007-2008 global financial crisis began as a subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, where heavy lending and defaults on housing loans starting in 2006 led to over $1.3 trillion in subprime mortgages outstanding by 2007. Major banks and financial institutions reported over $435 billion in losses by mid-2008. Central banks provided loans to increase liquidity as banks became unwilling or unable to lend, while governments announced bank rescue packages worth hundreds of billions of dollars.
Economic And Market Review
The document provides an overview of the state of the global and Indian economies in light of the ongoing financial crisis. Key points include:
1) The IMF has downgraded its global GDP growth forecasts for 2008 and 2009 as major economies face recession. Emerging markets will also slow substantially.
2) Housing prices and industrial production continue to decline in the US and unemployment is rising sharply. Financial markets remain volatile.
3) India's growth is moderating but inflation is slowing. However, high deficits, slowing consumption and investments, and capital outflows pose challenges.
4) Global equity markets have seen large losses in 2008 on risk aversion. Indian markets are also highly volatile though the Sensex has
Late 2000s recession
The document discusses the recession in the United States. It defines a recession as a decline in GDP for at least two consecutive quarters. It outlines some of the key indicators of a recession like decreasing personal income and factory production as well as rising unemployment. It then discusses some of the major recessions in US history and how the subprime mortgage crisis of the late 2000s led to a major recession due to declining home prices and rising mortgage defaults. This caused major financial institutions like Lehman Brothers to fail, significantly damaging the US and global economies.
Late 2000s recession
The recession that began in the late 2000s was, to date, the worst economic downturn in the United States since the Great Depression. They didn't call it the "Great Recession" for nothing.
Sub prime & eurozone crisis
The document summarizes the subprime mortgage crisis that began in the United States in 2007 and its impacts globally. It discusses how loose lending practices in the US housing market led to a bubble that burst in 2006-2007. This caused ripple effects through the global financial system as US and European banks and financial institutions suffered huge losses, leading to a lack of liquidity and credit, government bailouts, and falling stock markets worldwide. While the crisis was still unfolding, there were debates around how long recovery might take and whether more reforms were still needed to stabilize the financial system.
Gold
This document discusses factors that could trigger a collapse of the US dollar and a new gold rush. It argues that rising US government spending and debt, a growing money supply, and inflation are weakening the dollar. Other currencies like the Euro are strengthening relative to the dollar. The housing crisis and high oil prices are also putting pressure on the dollar. Global gold demand is rising as central banks increase reserves, while production remains stagnant. The document predicts higher gold prices if the dollar continues to weaken due to these factors.
Comex Report 21st Feb, 2014
Global Research Limited provided a report on global economic data and commodity markets. The report included existing home sales data from the US that came in stronger than expected. It also contained summaries of gold, silver, copper, and crude oil prices and factors influencing their movements, including economic data from China and the US. Technical support and resistance levels were provided for each commodity.
Hyre Weekly Commentary
Spain requested a $125 billion bailout to rescue its failing banks as its economy struggles with high unemployment and recession. If Spain's financial troubles escalate, it could destabilize the entire eurozone economy. Meanwhile, Greece will hold a pivotal election that could lead to it leaving the eurozone, an unprecedented event that would plunge the region into uncharted territory. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke stated the Fed stands ready to take action if European and global economic problems worsen.
Financial Crisis of 2008
This document discusses the subprime mortgage crisis and the crash of Lehman Brothers. It provides background on how the US economy emerged over the centuries and discusses key events like the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913. It then explains how the subprime mortgage crisis began, with low interest rates in the early 2000s leading to a housing bubble. When interest rates rose and housing prices fell, many subprime borrowers defaulted on their loans. This caused losses for banks and investment firms like Lehman Brothers, which collapsed into bankruptcy in September 2008 and helped trigger a global financial crisis.
Exchange rates
The document discusses macroeconomics concepts related to exchange rates, including:
1. Flexible exchange rates are determined by supply and demand in the foreign exchange market, allowing monetary policy to effectively influence the domestic economy. Fixed exchange rates prevent this by requiring monetary policy to maintain a set exchange rate.
2. Countries have increasingly moved away from fixed exchange rates due to their potential instability towards more flexible rates or common currencies like the Euro to balance stability and policy effectiveness.
3. Exchange rates are influenced by factors like interest rates, trade preferences, and relative economic growth that shift the supply of and demand for currencies in the foreign exchange market.
SubPrime Crisis
The document summarizes the subprime mortgage crisis and its global impacts. It began with loose lending practices in the US that led to a housing bubble. When housing prices declined and borrowers defaulted, it sparked a financial crisis as risky loans were bundled into securities that spread the risks throughout the global financial system. Major banks and financial institutions collapsed. Credit tightened globally and stock markets plunged significantly. The crisis also impacted economies worldwide through tightening credit, falling markets, and reduced trade and business activity. While government interventions helped stabilize markets, full recovery will take time as the financial systems remain fragile.
Ahmad crisis
I. A crisis of liquidity emerged in global financial markets as major banks like HSBC and Bear Stearns announced losses from US subprime mortgage loans, spreading the crisis to other financial institutions by August 2008.
II. The crisis was caused by expanded lending by US financial institutions to homeowners with low credit, resulting in many defaulting on loan repayments, weakening financial institutions.
III. The crisis impacted developing countries through reduced demand for exports from industrial country slowdowns and a reduction in capital inflows as investors became more risk averse, shifting funds from emerging markets to safer assets.
The Current State Financial Market[1]
The document provides details on the events leading up to the 2008 financial crisis, including the rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. It describes how loosened lending standards in the 1990s-2000s contributed to the growth of risky mortgages like subprime loans. It also discusses how the unregulated expansion of markets like credit default swaps and collateralized debt obligations exacerbated risk in the system. The timeline outlines key events from 2008 like the takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in September and the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, which triggered a wider crisis and government rescue efforts.
Will the US Rebound Cause Another Emerging Markets Crisis?
1) Past financial crises in emerging markets have often been caused by events in developed markets like the US. As the US economy rebounds, emerging markets may face another crisis if capital flows reverse out of those markets.
2) Many emerging markets remain reliant on foreign financing and currency, leaving them vulnerable to changes in developed markets. However, emerging markets are generally better prepared now than in past crises due to policy and regulatory reforms.
3) Countries like Malaysia demonstrated resilience during the 2008 crisis by requiring large capital buffers and limiting foreign currency lending. Developing local financial systems can help emerging markets insulate themselves from instability abroad.
Yen Carry Trade
This document discusses the yen carry trade, which involves borrowing low-interest Japanese yen to invest in higher yielding currencies. It provides background on Japan's post-war economic growth and details how structural weaknesses in Japanese banks and its central bank's easy monetary policy contributed to the yen carry trade. The document outlines the mechanics of carry trades and analyzes periods of unwinding in 1998, 2006, and 2007 that were sparked by events like the LTCM crisis and subprime mortgage fears, causing sharp yen appreciation and global market volatility.
October 2010
- Global stock markets rose strongly in the third quarter of 2010, with the S&P 500 experiencing its best September performance since 1939 due to gains in the telecommunications sector. Commodity prices also increased.
- Materials stocks performed well, particularly in fertilizer, metals and mining, as Chinese economic indicators exceeded expectations, calming fears of an Asian slowdown.
- Investor demand for fixed income remained strong despite low bond yields, as flows continued into government and corporate bonds seeking stability and income. However, bond prices may fall as money rotates to equities.
Similar to Dealth of dollar How real it is - Rupesh Gaikwad, Shreyak Shah, Suvrat Dayal, Vinayak Sanil (20)
Will the US Rebound Cause Another Emerging Markets Crisis?
Will the US Rebound Cause Another Emerging Markets Crisis?
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The Impact of GST Payments on Loan Approvals
Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
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Wayhome's analysis of the UK market and how pension schemes can help solve the problems it presents younger people
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Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
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Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
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Who Is the Largest Producer of Soybean in India Now.pdf
This blog explores the current largest producer of soybean in India and the factors contributing to their dominance.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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How will new technology fields affect economic trade?
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What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Recently uploaded (20)
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
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Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
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Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Tdasx: Unveiling the Trillion-Dollar Potential of Bitcoin DeFi
Who Is the Largest Producer of Soybean in India Now.pdf
Who Is the Largest Producer of Soybean in India Now.pdf
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdf
OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
OAT_RI_Ep20 WeighingTheRisks_May24_Trade Wars.pptx
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
Dealth of dollar How real it is - Rupesh Gaikwad, Shreyak Shah, Suvrat Dayal, Vinayak Sanil
- 1. Presented By: Rupesh Gaikwad Shreyak Shah Suvrat Dayal Vinayak Sanil
- 3. US Dollar accepted as a universal Reserve Assets. Gold Convertibility Clause. Reasons For Decline VietnamWar (1967-71). Doubts in International Markets.
- 4. After 1971 US cut a deal with OPEC. Countries needed dollar reserves to buy oil. Iraq started selling oil in Euro (2000). US invading Iraq (2003). Revert sale of oil in Dollars.
- 6. Greenback resumes its slide. Apprehension about the gaping U.S. federal deficit and/or fear of runaway inflation ? U.S. trade balance in goods & services.
- 7. Net capital inflows have been negative most of this year. Combination of a modest trade deficit & net capital net capital outflows from U.S. has exerted pressure on dollar. U.S. short-termT-bill purchases jumped to $380 bn in second half of 2008.
- 8. U.S. banks lent billions of dollars in good times to foreign banks but tightened credit lines when crisis began. Foreign banks were forced to scramble for dollar liquidity. This contributed to dollar appreciation between July’08 to March’09.
- 9. As governments took steps to stabilize global financial system, investors become more tolerant of risk again. FI now in search of high yields elsewhere often in their own countries. Depreciation of dollar this year: unwinding of one- off factors that led to its appreciation. Spike in risk aversion led to FI seeking to invest in U.S.T-bill.
- 10. Behaviour of net purchases of long-term securities has also contributed to pressure on the dollar. Purchase of foreign securities by U.S. investors was in negative in second half of 2008. Foreign purchases of U.S. long-term securities weakened. In first seven months of 2009, FI bought $279 bn vs $462 bn at same time last year.
- 11. Weakening in sale of U.S. corporate bonds by FI reflects net sales of securitized fixed- income securities. In contrast, foreign purchases of U.S. stocks strengthened from $28 bn in first seven months of 2008 to $78 bn so far in 2009.
- 12. As per FRBNY, foreign central banks continue to buyTreasury securities. These holding have increased to $300 bn since March’09. Since March’09, FI have bought $143 bn of long-termTreasury securities.
- 13. At end of June’08, foreign holding of U.S.Treasury notes & bonds totaled $2.2 trn. Foreign central banks hold nearly ($1.7trn) half of marketable supply of long-termTreasury securities outstanding. What can reverse dollar’s recent slide ? A return of risk aversion Higher rates of return on dollar assets will attract capital inflows dollar