The Battle of the Bulge began in December 1944 when German forces launched a surprise attack in the Ardennes forest in Belgium and Luxembourg, creating a bulge in the Allied lines. Hitler's plan was to split the Allied forces and capture the city of Antwerp. Despite poor weather conditions that grounded Allied air support, American troops were able to hold the Germans from advancing at key positions like Elsenborn Ridge. By January 1945, the Allies counterattacked and pushed the Germans back to their starting point, winning a decisive victory by January 25th with over 80,000 Allied and 100,000 Axis casualties.