This document defines key database concepts such as data, information, tables, fields, records, files, databases, database management systems (DBMS), and database systems. It provides examples and descriptions of each concept. Data is defined as raw unorganized facts, while information is organized data used for decision making. Tables contain records made of individual fields of data. A file is a collection of records, a database contains logically organized data, and a DBMS manages the database and enables users to create and manipulate the stored data.

1. Dr.Ritu Bhargava
Department Of Computer Science
Sophia Girl’s College (Autonomous)Ajmer
Monday, July 9, 2018 1UNIT-I

2. What is??
 Data
 Information
 Table
 Field
 Record
 File
 Database
 Data base management system(DBMS)
 Data base System(DBS)
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 2

3. Data
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 3
Data is raw, unorganized and unprocessed facts .
Data can be defined as a representation of facts, concepts,
or instructions in a formalized manner, which should be
suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing
by human or electronic machine.
Data is represented with the help of characters such as
alphabets (A-Z, a-z), digits (0-9) or special characters (+,-
,/,*,<,>,= etc.)
Data can be something simple and seemingly random
and useless until it is organized
For e.g.:-
’Richard’, 21, ’*’.

4. Information
 Information is organized or classified data, which has
some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is the
processed data on which decisions and actions are based.
 For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data must
qualify for the following characteristics −
 Timely − Information should be available when required.
 Accuracy − Information should be accurate.
 Completeness − Information should be complete.
For e.g :-
Ram is a student.
21 is the roll number.
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 4

5. Table
 Tables
 A database table is composed of records and fields that
hold data. Tables are also called datasheets. Each table
in a database holds data about a different, but related,
subject.
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 5

6. Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 6
Figure - Database Table

7. Record
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 7
Record is a row of data in a database table,that consists of
single value from each column of data in the table.
Data is stored in records. A record is composed of fields and
contains all the data about one particular person, company, or
item in a database.

8. Figure-Record
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 8

9. Field
 A field is part of a record and contains a single piece of data for the subject of
the record.
 Fields appear as columns in a database table.
 In the database table, each record contains four fields:
 Log ID
 A number assigned to this customer support incident for identification
purposes
 Operator
 The code for the customer support operator who handled this incident
 Resolved
 A check box to indicate whether the incident was resolved
 Duration
 The time in seconds the operator spent on this incident
 Data from the Log ID field for five records is highlighted in the Figure .
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 9

10. Figure - Fields appear as columns in a database table.
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 10

11. FILE
 A file is a collection of records. Each record consist of
field for individual data items .
For example, a telephone book is analogous to a file.
Attendance register of a class etc.
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 11

12. Database
 A database is a logically coherent collection of data
with some inherent meaning ,representing some
aspect of real world and which is designed ,built and
populated with data for a specific purpose.
 Types of databases
1)Traditional DB
2)Multimedia DB
3)Spatial DB
4)Real time DB
5)Data warehouse
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 12

13. DBMS
 It is a collection of programs that enables user to create
and maintain a database.
 It is a general purpose software that provides the users
with the process of defining,constructing and
manipulating the database for various application.
For e.g.
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server,
Oracle, RDBMS, dBASE and FoxPro
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 13

14. DBS
 The database and DBMS software together is called as
Database system.
Monday, July 9, 2018 UNIT-I 14