Data can include text, numbers, pictures, sound, or video that is gathered and translated for analysis or other purposes. For data to become information, it must be contextualized, categorized, calculated, and condensed. Knowledge is linked to experience and understanding how to apply what has been learned. Every piece of data in a computer is stored as a binary number using the digits 0 and 1 to represent all values. Processing data involves validation, sorting, summarization, aggregation, analysis, reporting, and classification. An abstract data type defines a type of object by its behavior through a set of values and operations without specifying how those operations are implemented.

1. DATA is any set of characters that is
gathered and translated for some purpose,
usually analysis. It can be any character, including text and numbers,
pictures, sound, or video.
For data to become information, it must be
contextualized, categorized,
calculated and condensed
Knowledge is closely linked to doing and implies know-how and understanding.
The knowledge possessed by each individual is a product of his experience,
and encompasses the norms by which he evaluates new inputs from his surroundings

2. Binary Numbers
Every piece of data in a computer is stored as a number.
For example, letters are converted to numbers, and photographs are converted to a
large set of numbers that indicate the color and brightness of each pixel.
The numbers are then converted to binary numbers.
Conventional numbers use ten digits, from 0-9, to represent all possible values.
Binary numbers use two digits, 0 and 1, to
represent all possible values.
The numbers 0 through 8 look like this as binary numbers:
0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000.
Processing

3. Processing
Validation – Ensuring that supplied data is correct and relevant.
Sorting – "arranging items in some sequence and/or in different sets."
Summarization – reducing detailed data to its main points.
Aggregation – combining multiple pieces of data.
Analysis – the "collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data."
Reporting – list detail or summary data or computed information.
Classification – separation of data into various categories

4. ADT
Abstract Data type (ADT) is a type (or class) for objects whose behaviour is
defined by a set of value and a set of operations.
The definition of ADT only mentions what operations are to be
performed but not how these operations will be implemented.