The document provides information about data structures and algorithms lectures on link lists and double link lists. It includes code snippets and pseudocode for common operations on both types of linked lists, such as inserting and deleting nodes. For double link lists specifically, it describes the node structure, defines common operations like size, print, search and append, and provides examples of how to implement functions for inserting, deleting and traversing the list.
This document provides information about linked lists. It defines a linked list as a linear data structure where nodes are linked using pointers. Each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. It compares linked lists to arrays, noting that linked lists can dynamically allocate memory as needed, while arrays have fixed sizes. It describes the two main types of linked lists - singly linked and doubly linked. It provides examples of basic linked list operations like insertion, deletion and traversal for both singly and doubly linked lists. It also discusses some applications of linked lists like implementing stacks, queues and representing polynomials.
Linked lists are a data structure where each node contains a pointer to the next node in the list. Each node contains data and a pointer to the next node. The last node's pointer is set to NULL. Linked lists can dynamically grow and shrink during program execution. Nodes are implemented as structs containing data and a pointer. The head pointer points to the first node. Linked lists allow traversing the list by following node pointers until NULL is reached.
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation in C. It begins by describing the differences between array-based and linked list implementations. Specifically, it notes that linked lists use dynamic memory allocation and pointers to connect nodes rather than contiguous memory blocks. The document then covers creating and traversing linked lists using nodes with data fields and next pointers. It provides code examples for inserting, finding, deleting and destroying nodes in a singly linked list. Finally, it briefly lists some other common linked list operations like sorting, reversing and finding min/max elements.
Linked lists are linear data structures where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. There are two types: singly linked lists where each node has a single next pointer, and doubly linked lists where each node has next and previous pointers. Common operations on linked lists include insertion and deletion which have O(1) time complexity for singly linked lists but require changing multiple pointers for doubly linked lists. Linked lists are useful when the number of elements is dynamic as they allow efficient insertions and deletions without shifting elements unlike arrays.
–PLS write program in c++Recursive Linked List OperationsWrite a.pdfpasqualealvarez467
–PLS write program in c++
Recursive Linked List Operations
Write a C++ to manage a list of string elements. Besides the basic operations expected of a
linked list (add an element, remove an element, check for empty list, report size (number) of
elements in the list, and print out the content of the list), the linked list class also needs to have a
method called sort() and a method called reverse() the manipulate the string elements. The sort
method rearranges the elements in the list so they are sorted in alphabetical order. The reverse
method reverses the order of the elements of the list. The class should use recursion to
implement the sort and reverse operations
Solution
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct node //declaring node
{
int info;
struct node *next;
}*start;
class single_llist //declaring class
{
public:
node* create_node(int);
void insert_begin();
void insert_pos();
void insert_last();
void delete_pos();
void sort();
void reverse();
void display();
single_llist()
{
start = NULL;
}
};
main()
{
int choice, nodes, position, i;
char str[100];
single_llist sl;
start = NULL;
while (1)
{
cout<>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
cout<<\"Inserting Node at Beginning: \"<info = value;
temp->next = NULL;
return temp;
}
}
/*
* Inserting element in beginning
*/
void single_llist::insert_begin()
{
int value;
cout<<\"Enter the value to be inserted: \";
cin>>value;
struct node *temp, *p;
temp = create_node(value);
if (start == NULL)
{
start = temp;
start->next = NULL;
}
else
{
p = start;
start = temp;
start->next = p;
}
cout<<\"Element Inserted at beginning\"<>value;
struct node *temp, *s;
temp = create_node(value);
s = start;
while (s->next != NULL)
{
s = s->next;
}
temp->next = NULL;
s->next = temp;
cout<<\"Element Inserted at last\"<>value;
struct node *temp, *s, *ptr;
temp = create_node(value);
cout<<\"Enter the postion at which node to be inserted: \";
cin>>pos;
int i;
s = start;
while (s != NULL)
{
s = s->next;
counter++;
}
if (pos == 1)
{
if (start == NULL)
{
start = temp;
start->next = NULL;
}
else
{
ptr = start;
start = temp;
start->next = ptr;
}
}
else if (pos > 1 && pos <= counter)
{
s = start;
for (i = 1; i < pos; i++)
{
ptr = s;
s = s->next;
}
ptr->next = temp;
temp->next = s;
}
else
{
cout<<\"Positon out of range\"<next;s !=NULL;s = s->next)
{
if (strcmp(ptr->info > s->info))
{
value = ptr->info;
ptr->info = s->info;
s->info = value;
}
}
ptr = ptr->next;
}
}
void single_llist::delete_pos() //delete element from given position
{
int pos, i, counter = 0;
if (start == NULL)
{
cout<<\"List is empty\"<>pos;
struct node *s, *ptr;
s = start;
if (pos == 1)
{
start = s->next;
}
else
{
while (s != NULL)
{
s = s->next;
counter++;
}
if (pos > 0 && pos <= counter)
{
s = start;
for (i = 1;i < pos;i++)
{
ptr = s;
s = s->next;
}
ptr->next = s->next;
}
else
{
cout<<\"Position out of range\"<next == NULL)
{
return;
}
ptr1 = start;
ptr2 = ptr1->next;
ptr3 = ptr2->next;
ptr1->next = NULL;
ptr2->next = ptr1;
while (ptr3 != NULL)
{
ptr1 = ptr2;
ptr2.
The document discusses linked lists and their implementation in C++. It covers key concepts like nodes, pointers, traversal, insertion, deletion and searching in a linked list. It provides pseudocode and C++ code for functions to insert and delete nodes from the head of the list, traverse the entire list, and search for a node containing a given data value.
The document provides information about data structures and algorithms lectures on link lists and double link lists. It includes code snippets and pseudocode for common operations on both types of linked lists, such as inserting and deleting nodes. For double link lists specifically, it describes the node structure, defines common operations like size, print, search and append, and provides examples of how to implement functions for inserting, deleting and traversing the list.
This document provides information about linked lists. It defines a linked list as a linear data structure where nodes are linked using pointers. Each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. It compares linked lists to arrays, noting that linked lists can dynamically allocate memory as needed, while arrays have fixed sizes. It describes the two main types of linked lists - singly linked and doubly linked. It provides examples of basic linked list operations like insertion, deletion and traversal for both singly and doubly linked lists. It also discusses some applications of linked lists like implementing stacks, queues and representing polynomials.
Linked lists are a data structure where each node contains a pointer to the next node in the list. Each node contains data and a pointer to the next node. The last node's pointer is set to NULL. Linked lists can dynamically grow and shrink during program execution. Nodes are implemented as structs containing data and a pointer. The head pointer points to the first node. Linked lists allow traversing the list by following node pointers until NULL is reached.
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation in C. It begins by describing the differences between array-based and linked list implementations. Specifically, it notes that linked lists use dynamic memory allocation and pointers to connect nodes rather than contiguous memory blocks. The document then covers creating and traversing linked lists using nodes with data fields and next pointers. It provides code examples for inserting, finding, deleting and destroying nodes in a singly linked list. Finally, it briefly lists some other common linked list operations like sorting, reversing and finding min/max elements.
Linked lists are linear data structures where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. There are two types: singly linked lists where each node has a single next pointer, and doubly linked lists where each node has next and previous pointers. Common operations on linked lists include insertion and deletion which have O(1) time complexity for singly linked lists but require changing multiple pointers for doubly linked lists. Linked lists are useful when the number of elements is dynamic as they allow efficient insertions and deletions without shifting elements unlike arrays.
–PLS write program in c++Recursive Linked List OperationsWrite a.pdfpasqualealvarez467
–PLS write program in c++
Recursive Linked List Operations
Write a C++ to manage a list of string elements. Besides the basic operations expected of a
linked list (add an element, remove an element, check for empty list, report size (number) of
elements in the list, and print out the content of the list), the linked list class also needs to have a
method called sort() and a method called reverse() the manipulate the string elements. The sort
method rearranges the elements in the list so they are sorted in alphabetical order. The reverse
method reverses the order of the elements of the list. The class should use recursion to
implement the sort and reverse operations
Solution
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct node //declaring node
{
int info;
struct node *next;
}*start;
class single_llist //declaring class
{
public:
node* create_node(int);
void insert_begin();
void insert_pos();
void insert_last();
void delete_pos();
void sort();
void reverse();
void display();
single_llist()
{
start = NULL;
}
};
main()
{
int choice, nodes, position, i;
char str[100];
single_llist sl;
start = NULL;
while (1)
{
cout<>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
cout<<\"Inserting Node at Beginning: \"<info = value;
temp->next = NULL;
return temp;
}
}
/*
* Inserting element in beginning
*/
void single_llist::insert_begin()
{
int value;
cout<<\"Enter the value to be inserted: \";
cin>>value;
struct node *temp, *p;
temp = create_node(value);
if (start == NULL)
{
start = temp;
start->next = NULL;
}
else
{
p = start;
start = temp;
start->next = p;
}
cout<<\"Element Inserted at beginning\"<>value;
struct node *temp, *s;
temp = create_node(value);
s = start;
while (s->next != NULL)
{
s = s->next;
}
temp->next = NULL;
s->next = temp;
cout<<\"Element Inserted at last\"<>value;
struct node *temp, *s, *ptr;
temp = create_node(value);
cout<<\"Enter the postion at which node to be inserted: \";
cin>>pos;
int i;
s = start;
while (s != NULL)
{
s = s->next;
counter++;
}
if (pos == 1)
{
if (start == NULL)
{
start = temp;
start->next = NULL;
}
else
{
ptr = start;
start = temp;
start->next = ptr;
}
}
else if (pos > 1 && pos <= counter)
{
s = start;
for (i = 1; i < pos; i++)
{
ptr = s;
s = s->next;
}
ptr->next = temp;
temp->next = s;
}
else
{
cout<<\"Positon out of range\"<next;s !=NULL;s = s->next)
{
if (strcmp(ptr->info > s->info))
{
value = ptr->info;
ptr->info = s->info;
s->info = value;
}
}
ptr = ptr->next;
}
}
void single_llist::delete_pos() //delete element from given position
{
int pos, i, counter = 0;
if (start == NULL)
{
cout<<\"List is empty\"<>pos;
struct node *s, *ptr;
s = start;
if (pos == 1)
{
start = s->next;
}
else
{
while (s != NULL)
{
s = s->next;
counter++;
}
if (pos > 0 && pos <= counter)
{
s = start;
for (i = 1;i < pos;i++)
{
ptr = s;
s = s->next;
}
ptr->next = s->next;
}
else
{
cout<<\"Position out of range\"<next == NULL)
{
return;
}
ptr1 = start;
ptr2 = ptr1->next;
ptr3 = ptr2->next;
ptr1->next = NULL;
ptr2->next = ptr1;
while (ptr3 != NULL)
{
ptr1 = ptr2;
ptr2.
The document discusses linked lists and their implementation in C++. It covers key concepts like nodes, pointers, traversal, insertion, deletion and searching in a linked list. It provides pseudocode and C++ code for functions to insert and delete nodes from the head of the list, traverse the entire list, and search for a node containing a given data value.
I need to fill-in TODOs in .cpp file and in .h file Could some.pdfforladies
I need to fill-in //TODO\'s in .cpp file and in .h file
Could someone help me at least with few of them to give me an idea how deal with it.
***SinglyLinkedList.cpp
#include
#include
#include \"SinglyLinkedList.h\"
void test_constructor() {
SinglyLinkedList lst = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};
assert(*lst.at(0) == 100);
assert(*lst.at(1) == 200);
assert(*lst.at(2) == 300);
assert(*lst.at(3) == 400);
assert(*lst.at(4) == 500);
assert(lst.size() == 5);
}
void test_remove() {
SinglyLinkedList lst = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};
lst.remove(2);
assert(*lst.at(0) == 100);
assert(*lst.at(1) == 200);
assert(*lst.at(2) == 400);
assert(*lst.at(3) == 500);
assert(lst.size() == 4);
}
void test_insert() {
// TODO
}
void test_push_back() {
// TODO
}
void test_push_front() {
// TODO
}
void test_append() {
// TODO
}
void test_sum() {
// TODO
}
int main() {
test_constructor();
test_remove();
test_insert();
test_push_back();
test_push_front();
test_append();
test_sum();
}
***SinglyLinkedList.h
#include
#include
template
class SinglyLinkedList {
// Nested class representing the nodes in the list.
class SinglyLinkedListNode {
public:
// The value stored in this node.
T value;
// The next node in the sequence.
SinglyLinkedListNode *next;
SinglyLinkedListNode(T value) :
value(value), next(nullptr) {}
SinglyLinkedListNode(T value, SinglyLinkedListNode *next) :
value(value), next(next) {}
// Return the size (length) of the linked list.
std::size_t size();
};
SinglyLinkedListNode *head;
SinglyLinkedListNode *tail;
public:
// Constructs a new SinglyLinkedList from an initializer_list of type T[].
// This is mostly for convenience, especially when testing.
SinglyLinkedList(std::initializer_list items) : head(nullptr), tail(nullptr) {
if (items.size() == 0) {
return;
}
// initializer_lists were designed to be used iteratively,
// so thats what we do.
// Can you think of how to write this recursively?
auto it = items.begin();
while (it != items.end()) {
this->push_back(*it++);
}
}
// Return a pointer to the value at the given index.
// If the index is larger than the size of the list,
// return a nullptr.
//
// ASIDE: We will cover exceptions later.
T* at(std::size_t i);
// Pushes a new node onto the back of the list.
void push_back(T value);
// Pushes a new node onto the front of the list.
void push_front(T value);
// Return the size (length) of the linked list.
std::size_t size();
// Remove the specified node from the list.
void remove(std::size_t i);
// Insert the value at the index.
void insert(std::size_t i, T value);
// Append the given list to this one.
void append(SinglyLinkedList list);
};
template
T* SinglyLinkedList::at(std::size_t i) {
// TODO
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::push_back(T value) {
// TODO
// Make sure that this is a O(1) operation!
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::push_front(T value) {
// TODO
// Make sure that this is a O(1) operation!
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::remove(std::size_t i) {
// TODO
// Don\'t forget to not only unlink the node, b.
Please help solve this in C++ So the program is working fin.pdfankit11134
Please help solve this in C++. So the program is working fine but when submitting it, it gives me a
code -11, and I believe the problem is that after inserting the numbers it removes them one by one
until the last in the list, and when it tries to remove the last number in the list that is when it
counters the problem. Below is the full code but you just need to change something in the
SortedNumberList.h file under the bool remove function.
4.18 LAB: Sorted number list implementation with linked lists Step 1: Inspect the Node.h file
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking on
the orange arrow next to main.cpp at the top of the coding window. The Node class has three
member variables: - a double data value, - a pointer to the next node, and - a pointer to the
previous node. Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the
provided getter and setter member functions to get or set a member variable. Node.h is read only,
since no changes are required. Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function A class for a
sorted, doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.h. Implement the SortedNumberList
class's Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with the parameter value,
then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex: Suppose a
SortedNumberList's current list is 2347.2586, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node with data
value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's sorted order
and yielding: 2335.547.2586Step 3: Test in develop mode Code in main() takes a space-
separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList. The list is displayed after
each insertion. Ex: If input is 77154263.5 then output is: List after inserting 77 : 77 List after
inserting 15 : 1577 List after inserting -42 : -421577 List after inserting 63.5: -421563.577 Try
various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list. Step 4: Implement the Remove()
member function Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove(0 member function. The
function takes a parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not
exist in the list, the list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the
number is removed from the list and true is returned. Uncomment the commented-out part in
main() that reads a second input line and removes numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to
ensure that insertion and removal both work properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
841972841961 then output is: List after inserting 84: 84 List after inserting 72 : 7284 List after
inserting 19: 1972 84 List after inserting 61: 1961 : 72 8 List after removing 19: 6172 84 List after
removing 84: 6172Current file: main.cpp - // Insert each value and show the sorted List's contents
after each insertion sortedNumberList list; for (auto term : terms) { doubl.
A linked list is a data structure where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. Nodes can be dynamically added or removed, allowing the list to grow and shrink. The key operations on a linked list are appending a node to the end, inserting a node in order, and deleting a node. Each node is allocated dynamically and linked together via next pointers, allowing flexible and efficient insertion and removal of nodes anywhere in the list.
This document discusses representations of sparse matrices using linked lists. It explains that sparse matrices, which contain mostly zero values, can be stored more efficiently using a triplet representation or linked representation rather than a standard 2D array. The triplet representation stores only the non-zero elements, their row and column indices, and matrix size information. It provides an example of a 4x5 sparse matrix represented as a triplet array with 6 non-zero elements. Linked representation stores the sparse matrix as a linked list, where each node contains the row, column and value of a non-zero element. Applications of sparse matrix representations include storing large sparse datasets efficiently.
I am Gabriel C. I am a C Exam Expert at programmingexamhelp.com. I hold a PhD. in Business analyst of Information Technology, Montreal College of Information Technology, Canada. I have been helping students with their exams for the past 8 years. You can hire me to take your exam in C.
Visit programmingexamhelp.com or email support@programmingexamhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with the C Exam.
A linked list is a collection of nodes that are randomly stored in memory and connected through pointers. Each node contains data and a pointer to the next node. The last node points to null. Linked lists allow for dynamic sizes, easy insertion/deletion, and non-contiguous storage in memory. Common operations include inserting nodes at the beginning, end, or a specified position and deleting nodes from the beginning, end, or a specified position.
A linked list is a data structure where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. A linked list can be singly linked, where each node only points to the next node, or doubly linked where each node points to both the next and previous nodes. A circular linked list is a variation where the last node points back to the first node, allowing it to be traversed indefinitely. Common operations on linked lists include insertion and deletion of nodes at different positions through manipulation of the node pointers.
A linked list is a data structure made up of nodes that are connected to each other via pointers. Each node contains a data field as well as a pointer to the next node. Linked lists allow dynamic sizes and efficient insertion/deletion of nodes. Common linked list operations include appending nodes to the end, inserting nodes in a sorted order, traversing the list to display nodes, and deleting nodes. The code sample shows a template for a linked list class with functions to implement these operations by traversing the list and manipulating the node pointers accordingly.
Linked lists are dynamic data structures that can change size during program execution. Each element contains a data field and a pointer to the next element. Elements are linked together using these pointers. There are several types of linked lists including singly linked, doubly linked, circular linked lists. Basic operations on linked lists include traversing the list, inserting elements, and deleting elements. Linked lists are suitable when the number of elements is unknown or the list needs to be rearranged efficiently.
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node-h-.pdfvishalateen
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking
on the orange arrow next to main.cpp at the top of the coding window. The Node class has three
member variables: a double data value, a pointer to the next node, and a pointer to the previous
node. Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the provided
getter and setter member functions to get or set a member variable. Node.h is read only, since no
changes are required. Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function A class for a sorted,
doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.h. Implement the SortedNumberList class's
Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with the parameter value, then
insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex: Suppose a
SortedNumberList's current list is 23 47.25 86, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node with data
value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's sorted order
and yielding: 23 35.5 47.25 86 Step 3: Test in develop mode Code in main() takes a space-
separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList. The list is displayed after
each insertion. Ex: If input is 77 15 -42 63.5 then output is: List after inserting 77: 77 List after
inserting 15: 15 77 List after inserting -42: -42 15 77 List after inserting 63.5: -42 15 63.5 77 Try
various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list. Step 4: Implement the Remove()
member function Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove() member function. The
function takes a parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not
exist in the list, the list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the
number is removed from the list and true is returned. Uncomment the commented-out part in
main() that reads a second input line and removes numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to
ensure that insertion and removal both work properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input
is 84 72 19 61 19 84 then output is: List after inserting 84: 84 List after inserting 72: 72 84 List
after inserting 19: 19 72 84 List after inserting 61: 19 61 72 84 List after removing 19: 61 72 84
List after removing 84: 61 72
main.cpp
#include
#include
#include
#include "Node.h"
#include "SortedNumberList.h"
using namespace std; void PrintList(SortedNumberList& list); vector SpaceSplit(string source);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { // Read the line of input numbers string inputLine; getline(cin,
inputLine); // Split on space character vector terms = SpaceSplit(inputLine); // Insert each value
and show the sorted list's contents after each insertion SortedNumberList list; for (auto term :
terms) { double number = stod(term); cout << "List after inserting " << number << ": " << endl;
list.Insert(number); PrintList(list); } /* // Read the input line with numbers to remove getline(cin,
inputLi.
The document discusses various types of linked lists including circular linked lists, linked implementation of stacks and queues, and applications of linked lists. Circular linked lists form a closed loop where the last node points to the first node. Linked stacks and queues can be implemented using linked lists which allows dynamic memory allocation instead of fixed size arrays. Applications of linked lists include representing polynomials for arithmetic operations, adding long integers, and non-integer/heterogeneous lists.
The document discusses implementing a sorted linked list data structure in C++. It describes how to insert a new node into the linked list in the correct sorted position by finding the previous and current nodes between which the new node should be inserted. The key steps are to create a new node, find the previous and current nodes using a while loop, and connect the new node by updating the next pointers of the previous and current nodes.
C++ Doubly-Linked ListsThe goal of the exercise is to implement a.pdfpoblettesedanoree498
C++: Doubly-Linked Lists
The goal of the exercise is to implement a class List of doubly- linked lists.
My goal is to implement the class in a file doubly-linked.cpp.
The class List implements lists using the following structures for list ele- ments:
struct Node { int val ;
Node next;
Node prev; };
Each Node contains a value (an integer) and two pointers: one meant to point to the next element
of the list and one meant to point to the previous element in the list. The class provides the
following methods that you need to implement:
• A constructor and a destructor, with no arguments;
• void insert(int n): insert an integer at the end of the list;
• void reverse(): reverse the list;
• void print(): print the list to cout in the same format as the input (i.e. integers separated by
spaces);
doubly-linked.h
#ifndef __dll__
#define __dll__
#include
using namespace std;
// Basic structure to store elements of a list
struct Node {
int val; // contains the value
Node * next; // pointer to the next element in the list
Node * prev; // pointer to the previous element in the list
};
// Class List
class List {
public:
List(void); // Constructor
~List(void); // Destructor
void insert(int n); // This should insert n in the list
void reverse(void); // This should reverse the list
void print(void); // This shoiuld print the list
private:
Node * first; // Pointer to the first (if any) element in the list
};
#endif
main.cpp
#include
#include \"doubly-linked.h\"
using namespace std;
int main(void){
List l;
int n;
while(cin >> n){
l.insert(n);
}
// Print list as read from cin
l.print();
// Reverse the list and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
// Reverse again and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
return 0;
}
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
/* Linked list structure */
struct list {
struct list *prev;
int data;
struct list *next;
} *node = NULL, *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *node1 = NULL, *node2 = NULL;
class linkedlist {
public:
/* Function for create/insert node at the beginning of Linked list */
void insrt_frnt() {
list *addBeg = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addBeg->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
addBeg->next = NULL;
first = addBeg;
last = addBeg;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
first->prev = addBeg;
addBeg->next = first;
first = addBeg;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the beginning of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for create/insert node at the end of Linked list */
void insrt_end() {
list *addEnd = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addEnd->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addEnd->prev = NULL;
addEnd->next = NULL;
first = addEnd;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addEnd->next = NULL;
last->next = addEnd;
addEnd->prev = last;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the end of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for Display Linked list */
void display() {
node = first;
cout << \"List of data in L.
Assignment isPage 349-350 #4 and #5 Use the Linked List lab.pdffortmdu
Assignment is:
\"Page 349-350 #4 and #5 Use the \"Linked List lab\" you have been working on in class and add
the two functions the questions are asking you to develop: divideMid and divideAt. Be sure to
include comments Use meaningful identifier names (constants where appropriate) Turn in .cpp
file AND Turn in a \"print-screen\' of your output (press \"print-screen\' on keyboard, then
\'paste\' in MS-Word)\"
How do you solve QUESTION #4 in the book data structures using c++ by D.S. Malik in Visiual
Studios using the linked list below with what is being asked? Please need help
Linked list :
#include
#include
using namespace std;
struct nodeType
{
int info;
nodeType *link;
};
void createList(nodeType*& first, nodeType*& last);
void printList(nodeType*& first);
void insertFront(nodeType*& first);
void insertBack(nodeType*& last);
void deleteFirst(nodeType*& first);
void deleteLast(nodeType*& last, nodeType* first);
int main()
{
nodeType *first, *last;
int num;
createList(first, last);
int choice;
while(true)
{
cout<<\"1. Insert Front.\ 2. Insert Last.\ 3. Delete Front.\ 4. Delete Last.\ 5. Print List.\ 6. Exit.\
\";
cout<<\"Enter your choice: \";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1: insertFront(first); break;
case 2: insertBack(last); break;
case 3: deleteFirst(first); break;
case 4: deleteLast(last, first); break;
case 5: printList(first); break;
case 6: return 0;
default: cout<<\"Invalid menu option. Try again.\"<>number;
while (number != -999)
{
newNode = new nodeType; // create new node
newNode->info = number;
newNode->link = NULL;
if (first == NULL)
{
first = newNode;
last = newNode;
}
else
{
last->link = newNode;
last = newNode;
}
cout<<\"Enter an integer (-999 to stop): \";
cin>>number;
} // end of while-loop
} // end of build list function
void deleteFirst(nodeType*& first)
{
nodeType *temp;
temp= first;
first= temp->link;
delete temp;
return;
}
void deleteLast(nodeType*& last, nodeType* current)
{
nodeType *temp;
while(current->link != NULL)
{
temp=current;
current=current->link;
}
temp=last;
current->link=NULL;
delete temp;
last = current;
return;
}
void insertFront(nodeType*& front)
{
int num;
cout<<\"\ Enter the number to insert: \";
cin>>num;
nodeType *newNode = new nodeType;
newNode->info=num;
newNode->link= front;
front= newNode;
return;
}
void insertBack(nodeType*& last)
{
int num;
cout<<\"\ Enter the number to insert: \";
cin>>num;
nodeType *newNode = new nodeType;
newNode->info=num;
newNode->link= NULL;
last->link= newNode;
last = newNode;
return;
}
void printList(nodeType*& first)
{
cout<<\"Inside printList...printing linked list...\ \"<info << \" \";
current = current->link;
}
cout<
#include
using namespace std;
struct nodeType
{
int info;
nodeType *link;
};
void createList(nodeType*& first, nodeType*& last);
void printList(nodeType*& first);
void insertFront(nodeType*& first);
void insertBack(nodeType*& last);
void deleteFirst(nodeType*& first);
void deleteLast(nodeType*& last, nodeType* first);
int main()
{
nodeType *firs.
This document discusses different data structures. It begins by defining a data structure as an organization of data in different ways. It then classifies common data structures as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs. It provides definitions and examples of algorithms, arrays, and linked lists. It also includes algorithms for operations on arrays and linked lists like insertion, deletion and traversal. Finally, it discusses implementation of singly and doubly linked lists as stacks and deletion operations in linked lists.
- A linked list is a data structure where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node.
- It allows dynamic size and efficient insertion/deletion compared to arrays.
- A doubly linked list adds a pointer to the previous node, allowing traversal in both directions.
- A circular linked list connects the last node back to the first node, making it a continuous loop.
- Variations require changes to the node structure and functions like append/delete to handle the added previous/next pointers.
This document provides information on various operations that can be performed on linked lists, including inserting, deleting, searching, sorting, and reversing nodes. It begins by explaining how to create a basic linked list with three nodes by allocating memory for each node, assigning data values, and connecting the nodes. It then discusses functions for inserting nodes at the beginning, middle, or end of the list. Other operations covered include traversing the list, deleting nodes, searching for a value, sorting nodes, and reversing the order of nodes. Code examples are provided for many of the operations.
Using the provided table interface table.h and the sample linked lis.pdfconnellalykshamesb60
Using the provided table interface table.h and the sample linked list code linkedList.c, complete
an implementation of the Table ADT. Make sure that you apply the concepts of design by
contract (DbC) to your implementation.
Once you have fully implemented the table, create a main.c file that implements a testing
framework for your table.
Your table implementation must ensure that values inserted are unique, and internally sorted
within a linked list.
table.h
linkedList.c
Solution
khsdg
#include
#include
typedef enum BOOL { false, true } bool;
// Linked list node definition
typedef struct Node node;
struct Node
{
int number;
node *next;
};
static node *top = NULL;
// used to track where we are for the list traversal methods
static node *traverseNode = NULL;
// \"destroy\" will deallocate all nodes in a linked list object
// and will set \"top\" to NULL.
void destroy()
{
node *curr = top;
node *temp = NULL;
while ( curr != NULL )
{
// flip order to see it blow up...
temp = curr;
curr = curr->next;
free( temp );
}
top = NULL;
}
// \"build\" will create an ordered linked list consisting
// of the first \"size\" even integers.
void build( int size )
{
node *newNode = NULL;
int i = 0;
// make sure we don\'t have a list yet
destroy();
for ( i=size ; i>0 ; i-- )
{
newNode = malloc( sizeof( node ) );
newNode->number = i*2;
newNode->next = top;
top = newNode;
}
}
// starts a list traversal by getting the data at top.
// returns false if top == NULL.
bool firstNode( int *item )
{
bool result = false;
if ( top )
{
*item = top->number;
traverseNode = top->next;
result = true;
}
return result;
}
// gets the data at the current traversal node and increments the traversal.
// returns false if we\'re at the end of the list.
bool nextNode( int *item )
{
bool result = false;
if ( traverseNode )
{
*item = traverseNode->number;
traverseNode = traverseNode->next;
result = true;
}
return result;
}
// \"print\" will output an object\'s entire linked list
// to the standard output device -- one \"number\" per line.
void print()
{
int value;
if ( firstNode( &value ) )
{
do
{
printf( \"%d\ \", value );
} while ( nextNode( &value ) );
}
}
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
build( 10 );
print();
destroy();
build( 5 );
build( 20 );
print();
destroy();
return 0;
}.
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation in C/C++. It begins with the objectives of understanding linked lists as a dynamic data structure that can grow and shrink. It then covers memory allocation and the differences between static and dynamic memory allocation. Key concepts discussed include using malloc, calloc and realloc to allocate memory dynamically. The document defines different types of linked lists like singly linked lists and explains basic linked list operations like traversing, inserting and deleting nodes. It concludes by discussing the pros and cons of linked lists.
I need to fill-in TODOs in .cpp file and in .h file Could some.pdfforladies
I need to fill-in //TODO\'s in .cpp file and in .h file
Could someone help me at least with few of them to give me an idea how deal with it.
***SinglyLinkedList.cpp
#include
#include
#include \"SinglyLinkedList.h\"
void test_constructor() {
SinglyLinkedList lst = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};
assert(*lst.at(0) == 100);
assert(*lst.at(1) == 200);
assert(*lst.at(2) == 300);
assert(*lst.at(3) == 400);
assert(*lst.at(4) == 500);
assert(lst.size() == 5);
}
void test_remove() {
SinglyLinkedList lst = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};
lst.remove(2);
assert(*lst.at(0) == 100);
assert(*lst.at(1) == 200);
assert(*lst.at(2) == 400);
assert(*lst.at(3) == 500);
assert(lst.size() == 4);
}
void test_insert() {
// TODO
}
void test_push_back() {
// TODO
}
void test_push_front() {
// TODO
}
void test_append() {
// TODO
}
void test_sum() {
// TODO
}
int main() {
test_constructor();
test_remove();
test_insert();
test_push_back();
test_push_front();
test_append();
test_sum();
}
***SinglyLinkedList.h
#include
#include
template
class SinglyLinkedList {
// Nested class representing the nodes in the list.
class SinglyLinkedListNode {
public:
// The value stored in this node.
T value;
// The next node in the sequence.
SinglyLinkedListNode *next;
SinglyLinkedListNode(T value) :
value(value), next(nullptr) {}
SinglyLinkedListNode(T value, SinglyLinkedListNode *next) :
value(value), next(next) {}
// Return the size (length) of the linked list.
std::size_t size();
};
SinglyLinkedListNode *head;
SinglyLinkedListNode *tail;
public:
// Constructs a new SinglyLinkedList from an initializer_list of type T[].
// This is mostly for convenience, especially when testing.
SinglyLinkedList(std::initializer_list items) : head(nullptr), tail(nullptr) {
if (items.size() == 0) {
return;
}
// initializer_lists were designed to be used iteratively,
// so thats what we do.
// Can you think of how to write this recursively?
auto it = items.begin();
while (it != items.end()) {
this->push_back(*it++);
}
}
// Return a pointer to the value at the given index.
// If the index is larger than the size of the list,
// return a nullptr.
//
// ASIDE: We will cover exceptions later.
T* at(std::size_t i);
// Pushes a new node onto the back of the list.
void push_back(T value);
// Pushes a new node onto the front of the list.
void push_front(T value);
// Return the size (length) of the linked list.
std::size_t size();
// Remove the specified node from the list.
void remove(std::size_t i);
// Insert the value at the index.
void insert(std::size_t i, T value);
// Append the given list to this one.
void append(SinglyLinkedList list);
};
template
T* SinglyLinkedList::at(std::size_t i) {
// TODO
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::push_back(T value) {
// TODO
// Make sure that this is a O(1) operation!
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::push_front(T value) {
// TODO
// Make sure that this is a O(1) operation!
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::remove(std::size_t i) {
// TODO
// Don\'t forget to not only unlink the node, b.
Please help solve this in C++ So the program is working fin.pdfankit11134
Please help solve this in C++. So the program is working fine but when submitting it, it gives me a
code -11, and I believe the problem is that after inserting the numbers it removes them one by one
until the last in the list, and when it tries to remove the last number in the list that is when it
counters the problem. Below is the full code but you just need to change something in the
SortedNumberList.h file under the bool remove function.
4.18 LAB: Sorted number list implementation with linked lists Step 1: Inspect the Node.h file
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking on
the orange arrow next to main.cpp at the top of the coding window. The Node class has three
member variables: - a double data value, - a pointer to the next node, and - a pointer to the
previous node. Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the
provided getter and setter member functions to get or set a member variable. Node.h is read only,
since no changes are required. Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function A class for a
sorted, doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.h. Implement the SortedNumberList
class's Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with the parameter value,
then insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex: Suppose a
SortedNumberList's current list is 2347.2586, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node with data
value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's sorted order
and yielding: 2335.547.2586Step 3: Test in develop mode Code in main() takes a space-
separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList. The list is displayed after
each insertion. Ex: If input is 77154263.5 then output is: List after inserting 77 : 77 List after
inserting 15 : 1577 List after inserting -42 : -421577 List after inserting 63.5: -421563.577 Try
various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list. Step 4: Implement the Remove()
member function Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove(0 member function. The
function takes a parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not
exist in the list, the list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the
number is removed from the list and true is returned. Uncomment the commented-out part in
main() that reads a second input line and removes numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to
ensure that insertion and removal both work properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input is
841972841961 then output is: List after inserting 84: 84 List after inserting 72 : 7284 List after
inserting 19: 1972 84 List after inserting 61: 1961 : 72 8 List after removing 19: 6172 84 List after
removing 84: 6172Current file: main.cpp - // Insert each value and show the sorted List's contents
after each insertion sortedNumberList list; for (auto term : terms) { doubl.
A linked list is a data structure where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. Nodes can be dynamically added or removed, allowing the list to grow and shrink. The key operations on a linked list are appending a node to the end, inserting a node in order, and deleting a node. Each node is allocated dynamically and linked together via next pointers, allowing flexible and efficient insertion and removal of nodes anywhere in the list.
This document discusses representations of sparse matrices using linked lists. It explains that sparse matrices, which contain mostly zero values, can be stored more efficiently using a triplet representation or linked representation rather than a standard 2D array. The triplet representation stores only the non-zero elements, their row and column indices, and matrix size information. It provides an example of a 4x5 sparse matrix represented as a triplet array with 6 non-zero elements. Linked representation stores the sparse matrix as a linked list, where each node contains the row, column and value of a non-zero element. Applications of sparse matrix representations include storing large sparse datasets efficiently.
I am Gabriel C. I am a C Exam Expert at programmingexamhelp.com. I hold a PhD. in Business analyst of Information Technology, Montreal College of Information Technology, Canada. I have been helping students with their exams for the past 8 years. You can hire me to take your exam in C.
Visit programmingexamhelp.com or email support@programmingexamhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with the C Exam.
A linked list is a collection of nodes that are randomly stored in memory and connected through pointers. Each node contains data and a pointer to the next node. The last node points to null. Linked lists allow for dynamic sizes, easy insertion/deletion, and non-contiguous storage in memory. Common operations include inserting nodes at the beginning, end, or a specified position and deleting nodes from the beginning, end, or a specified position.
A linked list is a data structure where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node. A linked list can be singly linked, where each node only points to the next node, or doubly linked where each node points to both the next and previous nodes. A circular linked list is a variation where the last node points back to the first node, allowing it to be traversed indefinitely. Common operations on linked lists include insertion and deletion of nodes at different positions through manipulation of the node pointers.
A linked list is a data structure made up of nodes that are connected to each other via pointers. Each node contains a data field as well as a pointer to the next node. Linked lists allow dynamic sizes and efficient insertion/deletion of nodes. Common linked list operations include appending nodes to the end, inserting nodes in a sorted order, traversing the list to display nodes, and deleting nodes. The code sample shows a template for a linked list class with functions to implement these operations by traversing the list and manipulating the node pointers accordingly.
Linked lists are dynamic data structures that can change size during program execution. Each element contains a data field and a pointer to the next element. Elements are linked together using these pointers. There are several types of linked lists including singly linked, doubly linked, circular linked lists. Basic operations on linked lists include traversing the list, inserting elements, and deleting elements. Linked lists are suitable when the number of elements is unknown or the list needs to be rearranged efficiently.
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node-h-.pdfvishalateen
Inspect the class declaration for a doubly-linked list node in Node.h. Access Node.h by clicking
on the orange arrow next to main.cpp at the top of the coding window. The Node class has three
member variables: a double data value, a pointer to the next node, and a pointer to the previous
node. Each member variable is protected. So code outside of the class must use the provided
getter and setter member functions to get or set a member variable. Node.h is read only, since no
changes are required. Step 2: Implement the Insert() member function A class for a sorted,
doubly-linked list is declared in SortedNumberList.h. Implement the SortedNumberList class's
Insert() member function. The function must create a new node with the parameter value, then
insert the node into the proper sorted position in the linked list. Ex: Suppose a
SortedNumberList's current list is 23 47.25 86, then Insert(33.5) is called. A new node with data
value 33.5 is created and inserted between 23 and 47.25, thus preserving the list's sorted order
and yielding: 23 35.5 47.25 86 Step 3: Test in develop mode Code in main() takes a space-
separated list of numbers and inserts each into a SortedNumberList. The list is displayed after
each insertion. Ex: If input is 77 15 -42 63.5 then output is: List after inserting 77: 77 List after
inserting 15: 15 77 List after inserting -42: -42 15 77 List after inserting 63.5: -42 15 63.5 77 Try
various program inputs, ensuring that each outputs a sorted list. Step 4: Implement the Remove()
member function Implement the SortedNumberList class's Remove() member function. The
function takes a parameter for the number to be removed from the list. If the number does not
exist in the list, the list is not changed and false is returned. Otherwise, the first instance of the
number is removed from the list and true is returned. Uncomment the commented-out part in
main() that reads a second input line and removes numbers from the list. Test in develop mode to
ensure that insertion and removal both work properly, then submit code for grading. Ex: If input
is 84 72 19 61 19 84 then output is: List after inserting 84: 84 List after inserting 72: 72 84 List
after inserting 19: 19 72 84 List after inserting 61: 19 61 72 84 List after removing 19: 61 72 84
List after removing 84: 61 72
main.cpp
#include
#include
#include
#include "Node.h"
#include "SortedNumberList.h"
using namespace std; void PrintList(SortedNumberList& list); vector SpaceSplit(string source);
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { // Read the line of input numbers string inputLine; getline(cin,
inputLine); // Split on space character vector terms = SpaceSplit(inputLine); // Insert each value
and show the sorted list's contents after each insertion SortedNumberList list; for (auto term :
terms) { double number = stod(term); cout << "List after inserting " << number << ": " << endl;
list.Insert(number); PrintList(list); } /* // Read the input line with numbers to remove getline(cin,
inputLi.
The document discusses various types of linked lists including circular linked lists, linked implementation of stacks and queues, and applications of linked lists. Circular linked lists form a closed loop where the last node points to the first node. Linked stacks and queues can be implemented using linked lists which allows dynamic memory allocation instead of fixed size arrays. Applications of linked lists include representing polynomials for arithmetic operations, adding long integers, and non-integer/heterogeneous lists.
The document discusses implementing a sorted linked list data structure in C++. It describes how to insert a new node into the linked list in the correct sorted position by finding the previous and current nodes between which the new node should be inserted. The key steps are to create a new node, find the previous and current nodes using a while loop, and connect the new node by updating the next pointers of the previous and current nodes.
C++ Doubly-Linked ListsThe goal of the exercise is to implement a.pdfpoblettesedanoree498
C++: Doubly-Linked Lists
The goal of the exercise is to implement a class List of doubly- linked lists.
My goal is to implement the class in a file doubly-linked.cpp.
The class List implements lists using the following structures for list ele- ments:
struct Node { int val ;
Node next;
Node prev; };
Each Node contains a value (an integer) and two pointers: one meant to point to the next element
of the list and one meant to point to the previous element in the list. The class provides the
following methods that you need to implement:
• A constructor and a destructor, with no arguments;
• void insert(int n): insert an integer at the end of the list;
• void reverse(): reverse the list;
• void print(): print the list to cout in the same format as the input (i.e. integers separated by
spaces);
doubly-linked.h
#ifndef __dll__
#define __dll__
#include
using namespace std;
// Basic structure to store elements of a list
struct Node {
int val; // contains the value
Node * next; // pointer to the next element in the list
Node * prev; // pointer to the previous element in the list
};
// Class List
class List {
public:
List(void); // Constructor
~List(void); // Destructor
void insert(int n); // This should insert n in the list
void reverse(void); // This should reverse the list
void print(void); // This shoiuld print the list
private:
Node * first; // Pointer to the first (if any) element in the list
};
#endif
main.cpp
#include
#include \"doubly-linked.h\"
using namespace std;
int main(void){
List l;
int n;
while(cin >> n){
l.insert(n);
}
// Print list as read from cin
l.print();
// Reverse the list and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
// Reverse again and print it
l.reverse();
l.print();
return 0;
}
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
/* Linked list structure */
struct list {
struct list *prev;
int data;
struct list *next;
} *node = NULL, *first = NULL, *last = NULL, *node1 = NULL, *node2 = NULL;
class linkedlist {
public:
/* Function for create/insert node at the beginning of Linked list */
void insrt_frnt() {
list *addBeg = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addBeg->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
addBeg->next = NULL;
first = addBeg;
last = addBeg;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addBeg->prev = NULL;
first->prev = addBeg;
addBeg->next = first;
first = addBeg;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the beginning of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for create/insert node at the end of Linked list */
void insrt_end() {
list *addEnd = new list;
cout << \"Enter value for the node:\" << endl;
cin >> addEnd->data;
if(first == NULL) {
addEnd->prev = NULL;
addEnd->next = NULL;
first = addEnd;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Linked list Created!\" << endl;
}
else {
addEnd->next = NULL;
last->next = addEnd;
addEnd->prev = last;
last = addEnd;
cout << \"Data Inserted at the end of the Linked list!\" << endl;
}
}
/* Function for Display Linked list */
void display() {
node = first;
cout << \"List of data in L.
Assignment isPage 349-350 #4 and #5 Use the Linked List lab.pdffortmdu
Assignment is:
\"Page 349-350 #4 and #5 Use the \"Linked List lab\" you have been working on in class and add
the two functions the questions are asking you to develop: divideMid and divideAt. Be sure to
include comments Use meaningful identifier names (constants where appropriate) Turn in .cpp
file AND Turn in a \"print-screen\' of your output (press \"print-screen\' on keyboard, then
\'paste\' in MS-Word)\"
How do you solve QUESTION #4 in the book data structures using c++ by D.S. Malik in Visiual
Studios using the linked list below with what is being asked? Please need help
Linked list :
#include
#include
using namespace std;
struct nodeType
{
int info;
nodeType *link;
};
void createList(nodeType*& first, nodeType*& last);
void printList(nodeType*& first);
void insertFront(nodeType*& first);
void insertBack(nodeType*& last);
void deleteFirst(nodeType*& first);
void deleteLast(nodeType*& last, nodeType* first);
int main()
{
nodeType *first, *last;
int num;
createList(first, last);
int choice;
while(true)
{
cout<<\"1. Insert Front.\ 2. Insert Last.\ 3. Delete Front.\ 4. Delete Last.\ 5. Print List.\ 6. Exit.\
\";
cout<<\"Enter your choice: \";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1: insertFront(first); break;
case 2: insertBack(last); break;
case 3: deleteFirst(first); break;
case 4: deleteLast(last, first); break;
case 5: printList(first); break;
case 6: return 0;
default: cout<<\"Invalid menu option. Try again.\"<>number;
while (number != -999)
{
newNode = new nodeType; // create new node
newNode->info = number;
newNode->link = NULL;
if (first == NULL)
{
first = newNode;
last = newNode;
}
else
{
last->link = newNode;
last = newNode;
}
cout<<\"Enter an integer (-999 to stop): \";
cin>>number;
} // end of while-loop
} // end of build list function
void deleteFirst(nodeType*& first)
{
nodeType *temp;
temp= first;
first= temp->link;
delete temp;
return;
}
void deleteLast(nodeType*& last, nodeType* current)
{
nodeType *temp;
while(current->link != NULL)
{
temp=current;
current=current->link;
}
temp=last;
current->link=NULL;
delete temp;
last = current;
return;
}
void insertFront(nodeType*& front)
{
int num;
cout<<\"\ Enter the number to insert: \";
cin>>num;
nodeType *newNode = new nodeType;
newNode->info=num;
newNode->link= front;
front= newNode;
return;
}
void insertBack(nodeType*& last)
{
int num;
cout<<\"\ Enter the number to insert: \";
cin>>num;
nodeType *newNode = new nodeType;
newNode->info=num;
newNode->link= NULL;
last->link= newNode;
last = newNode;
return;
}
void printList(nodeType*& first)
{
cout<<\"Inside printList...printing linked list...\ \"<info << \" \";
current = current->link;
}
cout<
#include
using namespace std;
struct nodeType
{
int info;
nodeType *link;
};
void createList(nodeType*& first, nodeType*& last);
void printList(nodeType*& first);
void insertFront(nodeType*& first);
void insertBack(nodeType*& last);
void deleteFirst(nodeType*& first);
void deleteLast(nodeType*& last, nodeType* first);
int main()
{
nodeType *firs.
This document discusses different data structures. It begins by defining a data structure as an organization of data in different ways. It then classifies common data structures as arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs. It provides definitions and examples of algorithms, arrays, and linked lists. It also includes algorithms for operations on arrays and linked lists like insertion, deletion and traversal. Finally, it discusses implementation of singly and doubly linked lists as stacks and deletion operations in linked lists.
- A linked list is a data structure where each node contains a data field and a pointer to the next node.
- It allows dynamic size and efficient insertion/deletion compared to arrays.
- A doubly linked list adds a pointer to the previous node, allowing traversal in both directions.
- A circular linked list connects the last node back to the first node, making it a continuous loop.
- Variations require changes to the node structure and functions like append/delete to handle the added previous/next pointers.
This document provides information on various operations that can be performed on linked lists, including inserting, deleting, searching, sorting, and reversing nodes. It begins by explaining how to create a basic linked list with three nodes by allocating memory for each node, assigning data values, and connecting the nodes. It then discusses functions for inserting nodes at the beginning, middle, or end of the list. Other operations covered include traversing the list, deleting nodes, searching for a value, sorting nodes, and reversing the order of nodes. Code examples are provided for many of the operations.
Using the provided table interface table.h and the sample linked lis.pdfconnellalykshamesb60
Using the provided table interface table.h and the sample linked list code linkedList.c, complete
an implementation of the Table ADT. Make sure that you apply the concepts of design by
contract (DbC) to your implementation.
Once you have fully implemented the table, create a main.c file that implements a testing
framework for your table.
Your table implementation must ensure that values inserted are unique, and internally sorted
within a linked list.
table.h
linkedList.c
Solution
khsdg
#include
#include
typedef enum BOOL { false, true } bool;
// Linked list node definition
typedef struct Node node;
struct Node
{
int number;
node *next;
};
static node *top = NULL;
// used to track where we are for the list traversal methods
static node *traverseNode = NULL;
// \"destroy\" will deallocate all nodes in a linked list object
// and will set \"top\" to NULL.
void destroy()
{
node *curr = top;
node *temp = NULL;
while ( curr != NULL )
{
// flip order to see it blow up...
temp = curr;
curr = curr->next;
free( temp );
}
top = NULL;
}
// \"build\" will create an ordered linked list consisting
// of the first \"size\" even integers.
void build( int size )
{
node *newNode = NULL;
int i = 0;
// make sure we don\'t have a list yet
destroy();
for ( i=size ; i>0 ; i-- )
{
newNode = malloc( sizeof( node ) );
newNode->number = i*2;
newNode->next = top;
top = newNode;
}
}
// starts a list traversal by getting the data at top.
// returns false if top == NULL.
bool firstNode( int *item )
{
bool result = false;
if ( top )
{
*item = top->number;
traverseNode = top->next;
result = true;
}
return result;
}
// gets the data at the current traversal node and increments the traversal.
// returns false if we\'re at the end of the list.
bool nextNode( int *item )
{
bool result = false;
if ( traverseNode )
{
*item = traverseNode->number;
traverseNode = traverseNode->next;
result = true;
}
return result;
}
// \"print\" will output an object\'s entire linked list
// to the standard output device -- one \"number\" per line.
void print()
{
int value;
if ( firstNode( &value ) )
{
do
{
printf( \"%d\ \", value );
} while ( nextNode( &value ) );
}
}
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
build( 10 );
print();
destroy();
build( 5 );
build( 20 );
print();
destroy();
return 0;
}.
This document discusses linked lists and their implementation in C/C++. It begins with the objectives of understanding linked lists as a dynamic data structure that can grow and shrink. It then covers memory allocation and the differences between static and dynamic memory allocation. Key concepts discussed include using malloc, calloc and realloc to allocate memory dynamically. The document defines different types of linked lists like singly linked lists and explains basic linked list operations like traversing, inserting and deleting nodes. It concludes by discussing the pros and cons of linked lists.
The document discusses three sorting algorithms - insertion sort, selection sort, and bubble sort. It provides descriptions of the sorting processes for each algorithm along with code examples and characteristics. Videos are also included to demonstrate how each algorithm works through animations of the sorting process.
This document provides an overview of arrays and linked lists as data structures. It discusses arrays, including declaration, initialization, updating elements, and multi-dimensional arrays. It also covers searching arrays, why arrays are needed, pros and cons of arrays, and character strings as arrays. The document then introduces linked lists as a data structure and discusses linked list operations like printing all elements, adding nodes, appending nodes, inserting nodes, and deleting nodes. Homework questions on arrays and linked lists are provided at the end.
This document provides an overview of a 16-week course on data structures and algorithms. It includes the following key points:
- The course covers a range of data structures (e.g. arrays, linked lists, trees) and algorithms (e.g. sorting, searching).
- Assessment is based on assignments, quizzes, midterm, and final exam.
- Each week covers a different data structure or algorithm topic, such as arrays, linked lists, sorting, trees, graphs, and shortest paths.
- The course learning objectives are to understand fundamental data structures, analyze time/space complexities, and select appropriate algorithms for applications.
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3. Course contents
Circular Link List
Data Structure (Declaration, Initialization, Updating)
Insert After a specific location
Insert a value before a specific location
Insert a value as a first item of list
Delete a value from a link list
4. Circular Link list
A circular linked list is a type
of linked list in which last
node of the list points to
start node of the list instead
of NULL.
data data
data
data
data
data
data
start
next next
next
next
next
next
next
5. Circular Link list
Circular linked list contains all the operations that a simple linked list has
The only difference is that ‘next’ pointer of last node points to first (start) node
of list
This small change gives the list a circular form affecting the implementation of
few operations in the list including add_node(), insert_node(), append_node(),
delete_node() etc
Except when list is empty, no node pointer points to NULL
8. Circular Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
Clist(); A constructor that sets
‘start’ pointer to NULL
Assign NULL to ‘start’
int size(); Calculate and return the
number of elements in list
If ‘start’ points to NULL, return 0
Otherwise,
Create a variable ‘count’ and assign 1 to it
Create a node pointer ‘temp’ and point it
to next of ‘start’
Iterate through all list items until ‘temp’
points to ‘start’ again; at that point current
value of ‘count’ will be returned
During every iteration ‘count’ will be
incremented by 1 and ‘temp’ will point to
‘next’ pointer of node currently it is
pointing to
10. Circular Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void print_all(); Prints all nodes’ data
values
Assign ‘start’ to a Node pointer named ‘temp’
Traverse through the list until either ‘temp’
reaches to the ‘start’ of CList again
During every iteration print the ‘data’ value
12. Circular Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
Node* search(int key); Searches through the list
for a Node with given value
and returns its reference
Create a new node pointer ‘temp’ and point it
to ‘start’
Traverse through the list until either ‘temp’
reaches to the Node with value equal to ‘key’ or
it reaches to the ‘start’ of list again
If ‘temp’ reaches to the ‘start’ of CList again,
return NULL
Otherwise, return the node pointer ‘temp’
14. Circular Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void add_node(int); Create a node with given
value and add it
immediately after the start
of the list
Create a node with given ‘key’ as its ‘data’
pointed by a node pointer ‘temp’ and set its
‘next’ to itself
If size() of CList is equal to 0, assign ‘temp’ to
‘start’
Otherwise,
Set ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to ‘next’ of ‘start’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘next’ of ‘start’
16. Circular Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void append_node(int); Create a node with given
value and append (add to
end) it to the list
Create a node with given ‘key’ as its ‘data’
pointed by a node pointer ‘n’ and set its ‘next’
to itself
Create a node pointer ‘temp’ and point it to
‘start’ of Clist
If size() of CList is equal to 0,
Assign ‘n’ to ‘start’, Exit
Otherwise,
Traverse ‘temp’ to the last node of Clist
Set ‘next’ of ‘n’ to ‘start’
Set ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to ‘n’
Exit
18. Circular Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void insert (int after, int
key);
Insert a node with given
value in linked list
immediately after a specific
node already present in the
list
Create a new node pointer ‘temp’ and assign
‘start’ to it
If ‘start’ is pointing to NULL, Exit
Move to next nodes until either ‘temp’ reaches
to the node with ‘data’ value equal to ‘after’ or
it reaches to ‘start’ of CList again
If ‘temp’ is pointing to ‘start’ of CList again,
exit
Else,
Create a new node in memory with ‘key’
as data and point it by a pointer ‘n’
Set ‘next’ of ‘n’ to ‘next’ of ‘temp’
Set ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to ‘n’
Exit
20. Circular Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void delete_node
(int key);
Delete the node with
given value from the list
If size() of CList is 0, Exit
Create a node pointer ‘temp’ and point it to ‘start’
Iterate ‘temp’ to next nodes until either ‘temp’ reaches to a
node whose ‘next’ node has ‘data’ equal to ‘key’ or its ‘next’
node is ‘start’
If ‘next’ of ‘temp’ points to ‘start’
If ‘data’ of ‘start’ is not equal to ‘key’, Exit
Else if size() of CList is equal to 1
Assign NULL to ‘start’, Exit
Otherwise
Move ‘start’ to next node in list
Assign ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to a node pointer, say ‘x’
Set ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to ‘start’
Delete ‘x’
Exit
Else,
Delete ‘next’ pointer of ‘temp’ and adjust pointers
accordingly
Exit
22. Structure of Node in CLL
struct node
{
int data;
struct node*link;
};
23. Main Operations on CLL
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define null 0
#define true 1
using namespace std;
struct node{
int data;
struct node*link;
};
struct node*ptfirst=null;
void insert(int value);
void display();
void insert_first(int value);
void insert_after(int position,int value);
void insert_before(int position,int value);
void Delete(int value);
int main(){
int opt_no,value,position;
24. while(true){
cout<<"Enter 1 for insert"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter 2 for Display"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter 3 for insert first"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter 4 for insert after"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter 5 for insert before"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter 6 for delete"<<endl;
cout<<"Enter 7 for Exit"<<endl<<endl;
cout<<"Now Enter Option Number: ";
cin>>opt_no;
25. switch (opt_no)
{
case 1:
cout<<"insert value: ";
cin>>value;
cout<<endl;
insert(value);
break;
case 2:
display();
break;
case 3:
cout<<"insert value: ";
cin>>value;
cout<<endl;
insert_first(value);
break;
case 4:
cout<<"enter position: ";
cin>>position;
cout<<"insert value: ";
cin>>value;
cout<<endl;
insert_after(position,value);
break;
26. case 5:
cout<<"enter position: ";
cin>>position;
cout<<"insert value: ";
cin>>value;
cout<<endl;
insert_before(position,value);
break;
case 6:
cout<<"insert value: ";
cin>>value;
cout<<endl;
Delete(value);
break;
case 7:
exit(1);
default:
cout<<"I N V A L I D ___ O P T I O N"<<endl;
}
27. Insert a Value in CLL
void insert(int value)
{
struct node*temp;
if(ptfirst==null){
temp=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(node));
ptfirst=temp;
}
else{
temp=ptfirst;
do{
temp=temp->link;
}while(temp->link!=ptfirst);
temp->link=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(node));
temp=temp->link;
}
temp->link=ptfirst;
temp->data=value;
return;
}
28. Delete a value from a CLL
void Delete(int value){
if(ptfirst==null){
cout<<"No value in the list to delete."<<endl;
return;
}
struct node*temp;
struct node*prev;
temp=ptfirst;
prev=temp;
do{
if(temp->data==value){
if(temp==ptfirst && temp->link==ptfirst){
delete temp;
ptfirst=null;
return;
}
else if(temp==ptfirst){
36. Course contents
Double Circular Link List
Data Structure (Declaration, Initialization, Updating)
Insert After a specific location
Insert a value before a specific location
Insert a value as a first item of list
Delete a value from a link list
37. Double circular Linked list
Double circular linked list is a type of linked list with every node
containing two node pointers (next, prev). Moreover next link of
end node points to start node and prev link of start node points
to end node.
41. Double circular Link list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
DList(); A constructor that sets
‘start’ pointer to NULL
Assign NULL to ‘start’
Assign NULL to ‘end’
42. Double circular Link list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
int size(); Counts and returns the
number of nodes in double
linked list
Create a Node Pointer ‘temp’ and point it to
‘start’
If ‘temp’ points to NULL
Return 0, Exit
Otherwise,
Create a variable ‘count’ and assign 1 to it
Iterate through list nodes until ‘temp’
points to ‘start’ again
During each iteration increase value of
‘count’ by 1 and move to ‘next’ node
When ‘temp’ points to ‘start’ again, return
‘count’, Exit
44. Double circular Link list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void print_all(); Prints all nodes’ data
values
Create a node pointer ‘temp’ and point it to ‘start’ of
list
Traverse through the list until ‘temp’ reaches to the
‘start’ of list again
During every iteration print the ‘data’ value and move
to ‘next’ node
46. Double Linked list … print_all_backward()
Operation Description Pseudocode
void print_all_backward(); Print all nodes’ ‘data’ values
in backward direction
Create a node pointer ‘temp’ and point it to
‘end’ of list
Traverse back through the list until ‘temp’
reaches to the ‘end’ node of the list again
During every iteration print the ‘data’ value and
move to previous node
48. Double circular Linked list … SEARCH()
Operation Description Pseudocode
Node* search(int key); Searches through the list
for a Node with given value
and returns its reference
Create a node pointer ‘temp’ and point it to
‘start’
Traverse through the list until either ‘temp’
reaches to the Node with given value or it
reaches to the ‘start’ of list again
If ‘temp’ points to ‘node’ with its ‘data’ equal to
‘key’ then return ‘temp’ reference
Otherwise, return NULL
50. Double Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void add_node(int key); Create a node with given
value and add it to start of
the list
Create a node with given ‘key’ as its ‘data’,
NULL as ‘next’, NULL as ‘prev’
Point the newly created node with pointer
‘temp’
If size() of list is ZERO, assign ‘temp’ to ‘start’,
assign ‘temp’ to ‘end’, assign ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to
‘temp’ and ‘prev’ of ‘temp’ to ‘temp’
Otherwise
Assign ‘start’ to ‘next’ of ‘temp’
Assign ‘end’ to ‘prev’ of ‘temp’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘next’ of ‘end’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘prev’ of ‘start’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘start’
52. Double Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void append_node(int
key);
Create a node with given
value and add it to end of
the list
Create a node with given ‘key’ as its ‘data’,
NULL as ‘next’, NULL as ‘prev’
Point the newly created node with pointer
‘temp’
If size() of list is ZERO, assign ‘temp’ to ‘start’,
assign ‘temp’ to ‘end’, assign ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to
‘temp’ and ‘prev’ of ‘temp’ to ‘temp’
Otherwise
Assign ‘start’ to ‘next’ of ‘temp’
Assign ‘end’ to ‘prev’ of ‘temp’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘next’ of ‘end’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘prev’ of ‘start’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘end’
54. Double Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void delete_node
(int key);
Delete the node with
given value (key) from
the list
Search node with given value as key (say it is ‘temp’)
If ‘temp’ is equl to NULL then Exit
Else If ‘temp’ is equal to ‘start’ and it is equal to ‘end’
Assign NULL to ‘start’ and assign NULL to ‘end’, Exit
Else if ‘temp’ is equal to ‘start’
Assign ‘start’ to ‘next’ of ‘start’
Assign ‘end’ to ‘prev’ of ‘start’
Assign ‘start’ to ‘next’ of ‘end’
Delete ‘temp’, Exit
Else if ‘temp’ is equal to ‘end’
Assign ‘end’ to ‘prev’ of ‘end’
Assign ‘start’ to ‘next’ of ‘end’
Assign ‘end’ to ‘prev’ of ‘start’
Delete ‘temp’, Exit
55. Double Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void delete_node
(int key);
Delete the node with
given value (key) from
the list
Otherwise,
Create node pointers ‘n’ and ‘p’ and assign them ‘next’ of
‘temp’ and ‘prev’ of ‘temp’ respectively
Assign ‘n’ to the ‘next’ of ‘p’
Assign ‘p’ to the ‘prev’ of ‘n’
Delete ‘temp’, Exit
57. Double Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void insert_after(int after,
int key);
Insert a node with given
value in linked list
immediately after a specific
node already present in the
list
Search the node with data is equal to ‘after’, say
it is ‘temp’
If ‘temp’ is pointing to NULL,
exit
Else,
Create a new node in memory and point it
be a pointer ‘new_node’
Set ‘key’ as data of ‘new_node’
Assign ‘next’ of ‘temp’ to ‘next’ of ‘new_node’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘prev’ of ‘new_node’
Assign ‘new_node’ to ‘prev’ of ‘next’ of
‘temp’
Assign ‘new_node’ to the ‘next’ of ‘temp’
If ‘temp’ points to ‘end’, Assign ‘new_node’
to ‘end’
Exit
59. Double Linked list … Operations
Operation Description Pseudocode
void insert_before(int
before, int key);
Insert a node with given
value in linked list
immediately after a
specific node already
present in the list
Search the node with data is equal to ‘before’, say
it is ‘temp’
If ‘temp’ is pointing to NULL,
exit
Else,
Create a new node in memory and point it be
a pointer ‘new_node’
Set ‘key’ as data of ‘new_node’
Assign ‘temp’ to ‘next’ of ‘new_node’
Assign ‘prev’ of ‘temp’ to ‘prev’ of ‘new_node’
Assign ‘new_node’ to ‘next’ of ‘prev’ of ‘temp’
Assign ‘new_node’ to the ‘prev’ of ‘temp’
If ‘temp’ points to ‘start’, Assign ‘new_node’ to
‘start’
Exit
62. Main operations on DCLL
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define null 0
#define True 1
using namespace std;
struct node{
struct node*prev;
int data;
struct node*next;
};
struct node*ptfirst=null;
void insert(int value);
void display();
void insert_first(int value);
void insert_after(int value, int position);
void insert_before(int value, int position);
void Delete(int value);
63. int main(){
int value,position,option;
while(True){
cout<<endl;
cout<<"Enter Option Number: "<<endl;
cout<<"1 to Insert a value."<<endl;
cout<<"2 to Display the list."<<endl;
cout<<"3 to Insert at First."<<endl;
cout<<"4 to Insert after a specific value."<<endl;
cout<<"5 to Insert before a specific value."<<endl;
cout<<"6 to Delete a value."<<endl;
cout<<"7 to EXIT"<<endl;
cin>>option;
64. switch(option){
case 1:
cout<<endl<<"Enter a Value: "<<endl;
cin>>value;
insert(value);
break;
case 2:
display();
break;
case 3:
cout<<endl<<"Enter a Value: "<<endl;
cin>>value;
insert_first(value);
break;
case 4:
cout<<endl<<"Enter a Value: "<<endl;
cin>>value;
cout<<"Enter the Position: ";
cin>>position;
insert_after(value,position);
break;
65. case 5:
cout<<endl<<"Enter a Value: "<<endl;
cin>>value;
cout<<"Enter the Position: ";
cin>>position;
insert_before(value,position);
break;
case 6:
cout<<endl<<"Insert Value to Delete: "<<endl;
cin>>value;
Delete(value);
break;
case 7:
exit(0);
break;
default:
cout<<endl<<"INVALID OPTION"<<endl;
}
}
return 0;
}