Employment and labour market during and after covid 19 pandemicLatvijas Banka
Introductory report to the Meeting of the Education, Science and Culture Committee of the Baltic Assembly “Employment and labour market during and after Covid-19 pandemic” by Oļegs Krasnopjorovs, economist, Latvijas Banka
Labour Market Changes due to the PandemicsLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova 2021. gada 27. maija prezentācija “Labour Market Changes due to the Pandemics” Latvijas Kristīgās Akadēmijas starptautiskajā seminārā
Employment and labour market during and after covid 19 pandemicLatvijas Banka
Introductory report to the Meeting of the Education, Science and Culture Committee of the Baltic Assembly “Employment and labour market during and after Covid-19 pandemic” by Oļegs Krasnopjorovs, economist, Latvijas Banka
Labour Market Changes due to the PandemicsLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova 2021. gada 27. maija prezentācija “Labour Market Changes due to the Pandemics” Latvijas Kristīgās Akadēmijas starptautiskajā seminārā
Latvijas Bankas ekonomistes Santas Bērziņas un Ievas Opmanes prezentācija sanāksmē ar starptautisko reitinga aģentūru "Moody's Investors Service" 2022. gada 24. martā.
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
Lekcija: Latvijas tautsaimniecība – pārkaršanas riski (English)Latvijas Banka
Latvijas tautsaimniecības izaugsme ir paātrinājusies. Arī iedzīvotāju ienākumi pakāpeniski aug. Atšķirībā no krīzes laika - kas šobrīd ir savādāk?
Prezentācijā tiek analizēti:
• Latvijas tautsaimniecības izaugsmi noteicošie faktori;
• Tautsaimniecības attīstību raksturojošie strukturālie rādītāji;
• Līdzsvarotai attīstībai nepieciešamās kapacitātes veidošanās līdzšinējās tendences un
• Nākotnes iespējas.
The Wind of Change: Economic and Financial OutlookLatvijas Banka
Presentation by Governor of Latvijas Banka and member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank Mārtiņš Kazāks during discussion on Latvia's economic developments in Brussels.
Latvijas ekonomiskā situācija, darba tirgus un prognozesLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova prezentācija, kas izmantota 2019. gada 23. maijā Rīgā notikušā starptautiskā seminārā par darba tirgus izaicinājumiem.
Latvijas Bankas ekonomistes Santas Bērziņas un Ievas Opmanes prezentācija sanāksmē ar starptautisko reitinga aģentūru "Moody's Investors Service" 2022. gada 24. martā.
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
Lekcija: Latvijas tautsaimniecība – pārkaršanas riski (English)Latvijas Banka
Latvijas tautsaimniecības izaugsme ir paātrinājusies. Arī iedzīvotāju ienākumi pakāpeniski aug. Atšķirībā no krīzes laika - kas šobrīd ir savādāk?
Prezentācijā tiek analizēti:
• Latvijas tautsaimniecības izaugsmi noteicošie faktori;
• Tautsaimniecības attīstību raksturojošie strukturālie rādītāji;
• Līdzsvarotai attīstībai nepieciešamās kapacitātes veidošanās līdzšinējās tendences un
• Nākotnes iespējas.
The Wind of Change: Economic and Financial OutlookLatvijas Banka
Presentation by Governor of Latvijas Banka and member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank Mārtiņš Kazāks during discussion on Latvia's economic developments in Brussels.
Latvijas ekonomiskā situācija, darba tirgus un prognozesLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas ekonomista Oļega Krasnopjorova prezentācija, kas izmantota 2019. gada 23. maijā Rīgā notikušā starptautiskā seminārā par darba tirgus izaicinājumiem.
Latvijas tautsaimniecības makroekonomiskā attīstība | Septembris 2023Latvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas prezidenta Mārtiņa Kazāka un Monetārās politikas pārvaldes vadītāja Ulda Rutkastes prezentācija 2023. gada 29. septembrī par jaunākajām ekonomikas prognozēm.
Latvijas Bankas Finanšu pratības daļas vadītājas Aijas Brikšes prezentācija Rīgas Izglītības un informatīvi metodiskā centra seminārā skolotājiem "Drošs internets un droša digitālā finanšu pratība" 2023. gada 29. augustā.
Latvijas Bankas Makroekonomikas analīzes daļas galvenās ekonomistes Baibas Brusbārdes prezentācija seminārā "Aktualitātes ekonomikā" 2023. gada 24. augustā.
Latvijas Bankas Monetārās politikas analīzes daļas galvenās ekonomistes Anetes Kravinskas prezentācija seminārā "Aktualitātes ekonomikā" 2023. gada 24. augustā.
Latvijas Bankas Makroekonomikas analīzes daļas galvenā ekonomistes Dainas Paulas prezentācija seminārā "Aktualitātes ekonomikā" 2023. gada 24. augustā.
Latvijas tautsaimniecības makroekonomiskā attīstība | Marts 2023Latvijas Banka
Latvijas Bankas prezidenta Mārtiņa Kazāka un Monetārās politikas pārvaldes vadītāja Ulda Rutkastes prezentācija 2023. gada 31. martā par jaunākajām ekonomikas prognozēm.
Eiro banknošu pretviltošanas elementi un to pārbaudeLatvijas Banka
Šī Latvijas Bankas naudas zīmju ekspertu prezentācija iepazīstina ar eiro banknošu pretviltošanas elementiem un veidiem kā ikviens var pārlecināties par banknošu īstumu. Vienkāršākais veids - aptaustiet, apskatiet un pagroziet banknotes!
Kā atpazīt ar pretzagšanas ierīcēm bojātas banknotesLatvijas Banka
Latvijas Banka nemaina un neatgriež ar drošības tinti iekrāsotas banknotes, jo tās varētu būt iegūtas noziedzīgā ceļā. Izņēmums ir gadījumi, kad naudas zīmes iesniedz īpašnieks vai tā pilnvarotā persona, kurš ir cietusī persona saistībā ar noziedzīgu darbību vai tās mēģinājumu, kas izraisījusi banknošu bojājumus.
Kā atpazīt šādi bojātas banknotes?
Vairāk informācijas par šādi bojātām banknotēm: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/ink-stained/html/index.lv.html
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
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+12349014282
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
Scope Of Macroeconomics introduction and basic theories
Darba tirgus izaicinājumi Latvijā un Eiropas Savienībā: no pandēmijas līdz krīzei Ukrainā
1. Labour market challenges in Latvia and the EU:
from pandemics into Ukraine crisis
Olegs Krasnopjorovs
«The Future of Jobs», 12.05.2022.
2. ►How labour market came out of the Covid-19 pandemics?
►Russia’s invasion in Ukraine: how it affected macroeconomic forecasts?
►What are the long-term labour market challenges in Latvia?
Presentation outline
3. Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia data, author’s calculations
Unemployed and state support receivers
(% of economically active population)
3
Covid-19 overall impact on the labour market was limited
Unemployment and employment rates
over 2002 – 2022 (%)
8.4 7.9 8.1 7.8 7.2 7.1
3.2
6.3
2.4
1.0
1.3
0.4
3.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2020 2021
Unemployment rate Furlough (dīkstāves) benefit Wage subsidy
Without massive state support programmes
unemployment rate would be almost twice bigger
2020
2021
2022
2002
2008
2010
7. 2002
2007
2010
2019
2021
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
5 10 15 20
Annual
wage
growth
(%)
Unemployment rate (% of economically active population)
Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia and European Commission data; author’s calculations.
Phillips curve (Latvia over 2002 - 2021)
7
Natural rate of unemployment decreased moderately over the years (but ↑ slightly
during the pandemics); there is a room for a further decrease
Economic
downturn
Economic
overheating
Natural rate
of unemployment ↑
Natural rate
of unemployment ↓
8. IEROBEŽOTA PIEEJAMĪBA
Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia and State Revenue Service data; author’s calculations 8
Employment dynamics differs across occupations and sectors
Number of employees (%; changes
compared to Q4 2019; seasonally adjusted)
Red (green): relatively large decrease (increase) in the number of
employees during the reference month
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2020
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2021
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2022
I
Number of jobs in selected occupations
(Jan 2020 – Feb 2022)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2020
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2021
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2022
I
Hotel Receptionists
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2020
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2021
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2022
I
Travel Attendants, Conductors
and Guides
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
2020
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2021
I
III
V
VII
IX
XI
2022
I
Cooks Software Developers
White colour here…
9. IEROBEŽOTA PIEEJAMĪBA
Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia and State Revenue Service data; author’s calculations
Number of employees with work income (index; Feb 2020 = 100; seasonally adjusted)
9
Young people suffered more layoffs;
Men and women were similarly affected in the medim term
White colour here…
Youth: 1) bigger employment in accommodation and food;
2) low qualification: will be easy to find these employees after crisis
=> higher probability of dismissal.
60+: 1) bigger employment in education and healthcare (almost no layoffs);
2) ↑ population in this age group.
80
85
90
95
100
2020
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2021
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2022
I
II
18-29 30-45 45-60 60+
80
85
90
95
100
2020
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2021
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2022
I
II
Men Women
In the short run: women were more affected than men;
In the medium term: men and women were similarly affected.
10. 85
90
95
100
2020
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2021
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2022
I
II
Public sector Private sector
10
Layoffs were bigger among the private sector employees,
and among firms located in Riga
Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia and State Revenue Service data; author’s calculations.
Number of employees with work income (index; Feb 2020 = 100; seasonally adjusted)
85
90
95
100
2020
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2021
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
2022
I
II
Riga Pieriga Vidzeme Kurzeme Zemgale Latgale
Pieriga: deep employment slowdown, but faster recovery
11. 11
Low-wage workers suffered more layoffs;
high-wage workers faced wage rises
Ranged by 2019 occupational mean wage – percentile rank
Source: State Revenue Service data; author’s calculations.
For methodology see Dolado, Felgueroso, Jimeno (2020). «The Spanish Labour Market at the Crossroads: Covid-19 meets and megatrends»
High wage
Low wage
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
below
400
400-700
700-1000
1000-1500
1500-2000
2000-3000
3000-4000
above
4000
Number of employees in the private sector subject to earned
gross monthly wage (%; Jan – Nov 2021 compared to
February 2020; seasonally adjusted)
Change in employment share during Apr 2020 – November 2021,
subject to mean wage in 2019 (smooth local regression with 95%
confidence interval; based on 3-digit ISCO occupation breakdown)
Y-o-y
change
in
employment
share
in
April
2020
–
November
2021
(pp.)
Gross monthly wage (euro)
13. 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2008
I
VII
2009
I
VII
2010
I
VII
2011
I
VII
2012
I
VII
2013
I
VII
2014
I
VII
2015
I
VII
2016
I
VII
2017
I
VII
2018
I
VII
2019
I
VII
2020
I
VII
2021
I
VII
2022
I
IT
Number of employees with wage exceeding 3 thousand euro (gross; per month; seasonally adjusted data)
13
Number of high wage earners increased in almost all sectors
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2008
I
VII
2009
I
VII
2010
I
VII
2011
I
VII
2012
I
VII
2013
I
VII
2014
I
VII
2015
I
VII
2016
I
VII
2017
I
VII
2018
I
VII
2019
I
VII
2020
I
VII
2021
I
VII
2022
I
Construction
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2008
I
VII
2009
I
VII
2010
I
VII
2011
I
VII
2012
I
VII
2013
I
VII
2014
I
VII
2015
I
VII
2016
I
VII
2017
I
VII
2018
I
VII
2019
I
VII
2020
I
VII
2021
I
VII
2022
I
Professional and
administrative services
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2008
I
VII
2009
I
VII
2010
I
VII
2011
I
VII
2012
I
VII
2013
I
VII
2014
I
VII
2015
I
VII
2016
I
VII
2017
I
VII
2018
I
VII
2019
I
VII
2020
I
VII
2021
I
VII
2022
I
Manufacturing
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2008
I
VII
2009
I
VII
2010
I
VII
2011
I
VII
2012
I
VII
2013
I
VII
2014
I
VII
2015
I
VII
2016
I
VII
2017
I
VII
2018
I
VII
2019
I
VII
2020
I
VII
2021
I
VII
2022
I
Public administration,
education
and healthcare
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
2008
I
VII
2009
I
VII
2010
I
VII
2011
I
VII
2012
I
VII
2013
I
VII
2014
I
VII
2015
I
VII
2016
I
VII
2017
I
VII
2018
I
VII
2019
I
VII
2020
I
VII
2021
I
VII
2022
I
Agriculture
14. 4.2
1.8
0
1
2
3
4
5
2021 December forecast 2022 March forecast
6.1
9.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
2021 December forecast 2022 March forecast
Source: Bank of Latvia forecasts.
Macroeconomic forecasts (for 2022)
14
Russia’s invasion in Ukraine calls for a revision of GDP and inflation
forecasts. However, unemployment forecasts changed little
Consumer price inflation (%)
Unemployment (% of economically active population) Average wage growth (%)
Real GDP growth (%)
7.5
8.1
0
3
6
9
2021 December forecast 2022 March forecast
7.5
9.7
0
2
4
6
8
10
2021 December forecast 2022 March forecast
15. ► 28 ths. Ukraine refugees registered in Latvia (1.4% of Latvian population);
► Precise number is not known:
might be bigger: Ukraine citizens which don’t need any help can live in Latvia for 3 months without informing authorities;
might be smaller: unrecorded number of refugees returned to Ukraine or went to other EU countries after registering in Latvia.
At least 4 ths. already work in Latvia; some will begin to work in the coming weeks (up to ~40% of all Ukraine refugees):
► ~50% of refugees in the working-age (men in age 18-60 are not allowed to leave Ukraine);
► ~80% of them will be employed (-: need to acquire language skills, receive professional skill recognition;
+: very positive attitude from Latvian entrepreneurs).
► => ~ 40% of Ukraine refugees will be employed in the labour market.
11 ths. = 1.2% of Latvian employed people; unlikely to have a substantial impact on the labour market.
► Possible sectors: trade, catering, manufacturing (i.e., textile). Not in construction (majority of refugees are women).
► Currently, the influx of Ukraine refugees is decreasing. Future developments may depend on duration/outcome of the war.
Impact of Ukraine refugees influx to the Latvian labour market
is expected to be limited
15
Source: author’s calculations.
16. Source: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia data, author’s calculations. 16
Skill mismatches and structural unemployment are long-term
challenges that must be addressed…
Employed to working-age population ratio by
education level (%)
Beveridge curve in the regions of Latvia (2016 – 2021)
Latgale: high unemployment miracle is a result of labour market
mismatches, not an absence of vacancies.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Total Higher
education
Vocational
secondary
education
General
secondary
education
Basic
education
17. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64
EU6 Estonia Latvia Lithuania
Source: Eurostat data, author’s calculations.
Participation in education and training
(last 4 weeks; % of population; in 2021)
17
… taking roots in low levels of lifelong learning,
digital skills, health
Individuals with at least basic digital
skills (% of population; in 2021)
* EU6 countries are Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Austria, Finland and Sweden.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74
EU6 Estonia Latvia Lithuania
Self-perceived health (0-100 scale)
40
50
60
70
80
90
16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74
EU6 Estonia Latvia Lithuania
18. ► How labour market came out of the Covid-19 pandemics?
Overall impact of pandemics on the labour market was limited; but varied substantially by sectors,
occupations and population groups, with low-income workers affected the most. Massive state
support programs prevented a rise of unemployment and income inequality;
► Russia’s invasion in Ukraine: how it affected macroeconomic forecasts?
Limited effects on ↓ GDP and ↑ unemployment. Influx of Ukraine refugees: 1.0 – 1.5% of Latvian
population and employment;
► What are the long-term labour market challenges in Latvia?
Skill mismatches and structural unemployment: ↓ over the last 15 years, but ↑ somewhat during the
pandemics. Needs further human capital development (lifelong learning, digital skills, health).
Takeaways
18