Dainik Bhaskar Live Positive- Memory Mantras & Art of Memorizing For Success in Examination

कै से बढाएं याददाश्त
Memory Mantras & Art of
Memorizing For Success in
Examination
Dr. Vidushi Sharma Pandey
MBBS, MD (Eye, AIIMS, NEW DELHI)
Oculoplastic fellowship (Australia)
SuVi Eye Hospital & Lasik Laser Center, KOTA, RAJ.
suvieye@gmail.com
Career Point Institute, KOTA
June 30, 2017
Memory Mantra
Dr. Vidushi Sharma , KOTA

DAINIK BHASKAR LIVE POSITIVE CAMPAIGN
कोटा के कोच िंग छात्रों को तनाव-अवसाद से रोके गा भास्कर का लिव पॉजिटटव कैं पेन
Memory Mantra

Memory Mantra

Human
MEMORY
Memory Mantra

Memory tips
जानिए कै से बढाएं याददाश्त
Memory Mantra

Why ownership
 Because you can not give your best
unless your heart and soul are in it,
and it is YOUR OWN work

Memory
The power and process of
reproducing and recalling what
has been learned and retained
Memory Mantra

Short & long term memory
Short:
 SMALL: 5-9 pieces of information
 Brief stay (little persistence)
 Immediate input – it goes in or not
 Immediate access – it’s there or not
Memory Mantra

Short & long term memory
Long:
 HUGE! Infinite number of memories
 Persistent – memories last & last
 Input is relatively slow – it takes time
to build memories
 Access – depends on input – how you
put it in is how you get it out
Memory Mantra

*The more the information is repeated or used, the more
likely it is to be retained in long-term memory (which is
why, for example, studying helps people to perform
better on tests).
*This is consolidation, the stabilizing of a memory trace
after its initial acquisition
Memory Mantra

What type of memory do you
have?
 Visual – reduce a topic to
a key word pattern with
colour & cartoons
 Aural – reduce the key
words onto your own tape
and learn (singing along if
you must…)
 “Feel” based memory –
make learning maps, move
around as you recite or
act out key points
Memory Mantra

The way I learn affects how I
remembered…
Visual Learners
 Write things down because you remember
them better
 Copy over your notes. Rewriting helps
 Use color
 Write vocabulary words on index cards. Use
colors
Memory Mantra

remembered…
Auditory Learners
 Try studying with somebody so you can
talk and hear the information
 Recite out loud what you want to
remember
 Write vocabulary words on index cards
and review them frequently by reading
them aloud
Memory Mantra

remembered…
Haptic Learner
 To memorize, pace or walk around while
reciting or looking at a list
 Close your eyes and write the
information in the air or on a desk.
Memory Mantra

We Remember
 10% of what we read
 20% of what we hear
 30% of what we see
 50% of what we see and hear
 70% of what we say
 90% of what we say and do
Memory Mantra

Process of Memory
Attention and Selection
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Memory Mantra

Attention and Selection
The first process of memory is
attention. There is much more
information in your environment than
you can process at any given time. You
must make choices (conscious and
unconscious) regarding what you will
attend to and store in your memory
Memory Mantra

Encoding = Receiving information
 How are memories formed?
 It refers to translating incoming information into
a mental representation that can be stored in
memory
 You can encode the information on a number of
different ways
 According to sound (acoustic code)
 What it looks like (visual code)
 What it means (semantic code)
Memory Mantra

Storage = Retention of
information
 It is the process of holding information in
your memory
 Short-Term vs. Long-Term Memory
 Transfer from Short to Long-term
 Repeating the information
 Practicing
 Thinking about it deeply (elaborate) –
drawing connections between what you are
trying to remember and the other things
that are familiar to you
Memory Mantra

Retrieval = recall or recognition
It is the process of
actually remembering
something when you
want to
Memory Mantra

Memory Techniques
1. Learn from the general to the specific
2. Make it meaningful
3. Create associations
4. Learn it once, actively
5. Relax
6. Recite and repeat
Memory Mantra

Memory Techniques
 Chunking
 Associations
 Peg system
 Mnemonics
 Acronyms and Acrostics

Strange but true…
Use it or lose it:
 After a study session, reduce your notes to key
words (10 mins)
 A day later write out those key words from memory,
refer to the actual notes and fill in the gaps (2 mins)
 A week later, write the notes out from memory &
plug gaps again (2mins)
 A month later repeat this (2mins)
 Six months later repeat again (2 mins)
This will commit anything you want to remember to
your long term memory
Memory Mantra

JUDICIOUS TECHNIQUES
 Judicious Method is the method of
remembering by understanding.
 This procedure works well for technical
subjects where understanding of the
procedure or the process becomes
very important.
Memory Mantra

The Five W’s
Memory Mantra

 The five W’s stands for
1.
Memory Mantra

2.
Memory Mantra

3.
Memory Mantra

4.
Memory Mantra

5.
Memory Mantra

 The H stands for……………………..
Memory Mantra

What can effect your ability to
remember something?
 distractions
 time of day
 your comfort level
 stress
 your interest in the material
 your level of motivation
Memory Mantra

Memory tips
 Learn from general to specific
 Before learning something new, get a general overview
to use as a framework on which to hang specific details
Memory Mantra

Memory tips (continued)
 Make it meaningful
 Why is this information relevant? What is the value in
knowing this?
 If you don’t see the value-
 Find it! What kinds of situations could you be in that you
would need this information?
 Use this as an opportunity to use strategies that will make
you a better student
Memory Mantra

 Create associations
 Relate what you’re learning to something that you
already know
 Construct your own knowledge
 Try using analogies and metaphors
Memory Mantra

 Learn actively
 Manipulate or change the information in some way
 Try creating a mind map, diagram, pictures, or note
cards
 Always put information that you’re trying to learn into
your own words
Memory Mantra

 Reduce distractions
 Turn off music, phone, television
Memory Mantra

 Monitor what you’ve learned
 Check yourself to make sure that you’re learning
 Try self-testing yourself using the review questions at
the end of the chapter or make up your own
Memory Mantra

 Check your attitude and anxiety
 Find yourself thinking how much you hate the course
or instructor? Know when your attitudes and/or anxiety
are inhibiting learning and try to address them
Memory Mantra

 Turn abstract ideas into concrete examples
Memory Mantra

 Distribute learning
 Use many short sessions for studying instead of one
long session
Memory Mantra

 Remember something else
 When you get stuck and can’t remember something,
try to remember something that is related to it or what
you were doing at the time that you learned it.
Memory Mantra

 Stay away from studying similar topics at the same
time to avoid confusion
Memory Mantra

Concentration and Memory
 Improving is in our hands
 Practice, practice
 Good sleep
 Exercise
 Avoid Distractions
 Healthy foods – Alzheimer’s clearly
linked to use of memory and certain
diets

What causes poor memory?
 Distraction
 Lack of focus or concentration
 Lack of motivation
 Stress
Memory Mantra

And…think smart – be positive
Fear is normal – it does
not mean give up and
go home!
 I can handle it
 I am prepared
 I am looking forward
to my exams
 I am responsible for
my learning….
Memory Mantra

There is nothing like good
memory and poor
memory…………
………..There is only
trained and untrained
memory

Studying smart
 Identify problems
 Enough time
 Tension – identify and deal
 Who can help
 Everyone is not the same

Exam preparation
 Select
and
prioritize

Summary
 Most memory techniques require that you change or organize
the information that you need to learn.
 Repeated reading of text and notes is often not enough.
 Simple memorization may help you in matters, like recounting
a sequence for opening a combination lock, but it won’t in and
of itself lead to deep-learning. Memorization facilitates the
road to understanding, but it is not the same as understanding a
subject.
Memory Mantra

Finally
If I fail then the whole thing
will have been a waste of
time…..
 Nobody likes to fail an exam,
and nothing here can take
the sting away…but you can
learn from mistakes you
make in the exam, correct
them and build on
 You and your life are much
more than an exam!
Memory Mantra

And…..
Best of Luck
Memory Mantra

9 May 2016
International Thalassemia Day
Memory Mantra

Factors To Increase Memory
 आपकी अपनी memory को सुधारने के लिए
आपको कई factors की ओर ध्यान देना होगा
िो आपकी memory को प्रभाववत करते है. िैसे,
आपका स्वास््य, आपकी रुच , याद की िाने वािी
सू ना से आपका परर य इत्याटद.
Memory Mantra

Be Active Always
Memory Mantra

Adapted from ‘How to pass exams’ in
Burns & Sinfield: Essential Study
Skills: the complete guide to success
@ university
Revision and exam technique
Memory Mantra

What are exams? A form of torture
developed
by the
staff?
Or…where you
show the links
between that lesson
No – they are
designed to
test your
knowledge,
not your
memory!
That piece of
coursework and
ALL those books
you were supposed
to read!
Memory Mantra

Exam myths …
 Exams are just for
people with good
memories…..
 You can improve your
memory
 You can apply what
you have learned
 Look at past papers
to prepare – and
practice timing
yourself!
Memory Mantra

Exam myths… 2
Exams are designed to catch
you out! They will just
make me feel like a fool!
 Because exams are trying
to get you to apply your
knowledge in new
situations, it can feel like
this
 Do Not give up! There are
lots of things to help
 TIP: look at past exam
papers
Memory Mantra

And … 3
 It’s all right if you can
write really fast…
 In reality, examiners are
looking for quality, not
quantity
 Examiners don’t want you
to write all the things you
know about a topic – they
want you to answer the
question by applying your
knowledge
Memory Mantra

4 Is….
How can you learn twelve
weeks work in two
weeks?
 Contrary to popular
belief, revision doesn’t
start just before
exams – that’s when
people can panic!
 Learn by thinking
about, using and
remembering what we
learned over a whole
course……
Memory Mantra

Remember… Primary school
 How did you remember then?
Memory Mantra

So- how to pass exams….
SQP4
Survey
Question
Predict
Plan
Prepare
And
Practice!
Memory Mantra

Study Skills Workshop
Memory Techniques
Memory Mantra

Types of Memory
 Semantic: Words and Symbols
 Implicit: How to
 Remote: Data collected over time
 Working: Extremely short-term,
lasting momentarily
 Episodic: Recent experience
Memory Mantra

You never forget…
 Your brain never loses
anything
 Forgetting: it is either the
inability to recall stored
information or the failure to
store information in the first
place
 The things that interest you
Memory Mantra

Memory Techniques
7. Create pictures
- draw diagrams, mind maps
- create action
- make pictures vivid
- turn abstract ideas into
concrete actions or images
Memory Mantra

Memory Techniques
8. Write it down (outline, 3x5 cards, summary)
9. Reduce interference
10. Over learn
11. Escape the short-term memory trap
12. Use daylight
13. Distribute Learning
14. Be aware of attitudes
Memory Mantra

Memory Techniques
15. Choose what not to store in memory
16. Combine memory techniques
17. Remember something else
18. Notice when you do remember
19. Use it before you lose it
20. Remember, you never forget.
21. Grouping by category, alphabet,
chronological order
Memory Mantra

Memory Techniques
22. Create abbreviations
23. Visualize
24. Review
 24 hrs after learning takes
place
 10 minute review reinforces one
hour class
 periodically to move material
from short- to long-term
memory
Memory Mantra

Mnemonics
 Are methods for remembering
information that is otherwise
quite difficult to recall
 A word or a sentence which is
intended to be easier to
remember than the thing it
stands for.
Memory Mantra

MNEMONIC DEVICES
 Acronyms – words created from the
initial letters of a series of words
 NASA : National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
 Acrostics – sentences that help you
remember a series of letters that
stand for something
 “Every Good Boy Does Fine (E,G,B,D
and F)
Memory Mantra

Mnemonic Devices
 Rhymes and Songs – Make a rhyme or a song of
the facts
 Alphabet (Twinkle, Twinkle little Star)
 Loci Systems – creates visual associations with
familiar locations. It can also help you
remember things in a particular order
 Peg Systems – employs key words represented
by numbers
 Example 1=bun, 2=shoe, 3=tree, 4=door
Memory Mantra

Remembering Names
 Recite and repeat in
conversation
 Ask the other person to recite
and repeat
 Visualize
 Admit you don’t know
 Introduce yourself again
 Use associations
Memory Mantra

Remembering Names
 Limit the number of new
names you learn at one
time
 Ask for photos
 Go early
 Make it a game
Memory Mantra

A Practical Guide to Creative Memory
Techniques
.
Memory Mantra

CREATIVE MEMORY
 What is Memory?
Memory is history recorded in our brain.
Memory is the images of past brought
into the present. But more than that,
it is “Recalling the right information
at right time”.
Memory Mantra

The human brain is like the hard disc of a
computer, which can accommodate any amount of
information or data.
While a hard disc has its own amount of
limitations, our brain does not.
There is actually no limit to the capacity of the
brain.
The more you remember, the more you can
remember.
Memory Mantra

Whatever you have experienced is retained
in your memory system.
There is no such thing as ultimate
forgetting.
Ex: Take a glass of water and add salt to it. It
gets dissolved in course of time. Though it is
not visible, its impact will be there.
That is exactly the case with all our experiences.

The capacity for memory differs from
person to person.
This depends on how well we exercise it. As
we exercise our muscles and limbs,
memory can also be exercised through
similar training.
Memory Mantra

First of all, you should begin trusting your
capacity for memory. The more you trust it,
the more reliable(able to be trusted) and
useful it becomes.
If your interested, you can remember
anything you want.
There is nothing like good memory and
poor memory. There is only trained and
untrained memory.
It is not what you learn but what you
remember that makes you wise.
Memory Mantra

 It is said that the answers to any question
falls only under these six headings.
 Hence, after reading the matter once, try to
understand what you’ve read by asking
these questions.
 Example: If you want to learn about
Jawaharlal Nehru, ask the following questions.
Memory Mantra

 Who is Jawaharlal Nehru?
 Where and when was he born?
 Why is Jawaharlal Nehru’s birthday
celebrated as Children’s Day?
 How did he become such a great man?
 What are the books he wrote / What great
things did he achieved?
 For how long he was the Prime Minister of
India?
 I am sure once you have answers for the
above questions, it will become easy to
write about Nehru.
Memory Mantra

MNEMONICS
 Mnemonics (pronounced “ni-monics”) are the
devices such as rhymes, code words, or other
letter and word arrangements used to assist
remembering.
 The Greeks discovered that human memory
is largely an association process that works
by linking things together.
Memory Mantra

 For example: Think of a pineapple. The
moment your brain registers the word
‘pineapple’, it recalls the shape, colour, taste,
texture and smell of the fruit.
 All these things are associated in your memory
with word `pineapple’.
 The main focus while making a mnemonics is
for it to be illogical and humorous as this is
easily remembered.
 The method is to note down all the key ideas
or points of the chapter or any question, make
a memorable sentence or a word by taking all
the first letters of each words.
Memory Mantra

 Examples:
1. How we remember the different colours
in rainbow.
A. we use a code: VIBGYOR for violet, indigo,
blue, green, yellow, orange, red.
2. Some Old Horses Can Always Hear Their
Owner’s Arrival.
A. Sin = Opposite/Hypotenuse.
Cos = Adjacent/Hypotenuse.
Tan = Opposite/Adjacent
Memory Mantra

 Never Eat Slimy Worms or Never Eat Sour
Watermelon.
 To remember the directions on a map,
place the first letter of each word in a
clockwise circle starting at the 12’o clock
position.
E
Memory Mantra

ACRONYMS
 Acronyms are a method in which you
form acronyms by using the first
letters from a group of words to form
a new word.
 Examples:
1. AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome.
2. LASER – Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
Memory Mantra

3 . CREAMY CHIPS:
This is a great way to remember the names
of diseases.
C – Cold.
R – Rabies.
E – Elephantiasis.
A – AIDS.
M – Measles.
Y – Yellow Fever.
C – Chickenpox.
H – Hepatitis.
I – Influenza.
M – Mumps.
P - Polio.
S – Smallpox.
Memory Mantra

Let’s define memory…
•is an organism's ability to store, retain,
and recall information and experiences.
•is our ability to encode, store, retain
and subsequently recall information
and past experiences in the human
brain.
Memory Mantra

*Sensory Memory
-is the shortest-term element of memory.
-The ability to look at an item for a second and then
remember what it looked like.
-It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds
after an item is perceived.
Memory Mantra

*Short-term Memory (Working Memory)
-Is where memory is recalled without
practicing, something that happened
recently.
-Short-Term Memory is dependent on
the regions of the Frontal & Parietal Lobes
-acts as a kind of “scratch-pad” for temporary
recall of the information which is being processed
at any point in time, and has been referred to as
"the brain's Post-it note".
Memory Mantra

*Long-Term Memory
-Is the ability to store more information for long
periods of time (life times) like phone numbers,
names and address’ from when we were kids.
-long-term memory can store much larger quantities
of information for potentially unlimited duration
(sometimes a whole life span). Its capacity is
immeasurably large.
- Long-term memory is often divided into two further
main types: explicit (or declarative) memory and
implicit (or procedural) memory.
Memory Mantra

1. Declarative memory (“knowing what”)
>(“knowing what”) is memory of facts and events,
and refers to those memories that can be
consciously recalled.
>It is sometimes called explicit memory, since it
consists of information that is explicitly stored and
retrieved, although it is more properly a subset of
explicit memory.
>Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into
episodic memory and semantic memory.
Memory Mantra

1.1 Episodic Memory
> represents our memory of experiences and
specific events in time in a serial form, from which we
can reconstruct the actual events that took place at
any given point in our lives. It is the memory of
autobiographical events (times, places, associated
emotions and other contextual knowledge) that can be
explicitly stated. Individuals tend to see themselves as
actors in these events, and the emotional charge and
the entire context surrounding an event is usually part
of the memory, not just the bare facts of the event
itself.
Memory Mantra

1.2 Semantic Memory
>on the other hand, is a more structured record of
facts, meanings, concepts and knowledge about the
external world that we have acquired. It refers to general
factual knowledge, shared with others and independent of
personal experience and of the spatial/temporal context
in which it was acquired. Semantic memories may once
have had a personal context, but now stand alone as
simple knowledge. It therefore includes such things as
types of food, capital cities, social customs, functions of
objects, vocabulary, understanding of mathematics, etc.
Much of semantic memory is abstract and relational and
is associated with the meaning of verbal symbols.
Memory Mantra

2. Procedural memory (“knowing how”)
>is the unconscious memory of skills and how to do
things, particularly the use of objects or movements of the
body, such as playing a guitar or riding a bike. It is
composed of automatic sensory motor behaviors that are
so deeply embedded that we are no longer aware of them,
and, once learned, these "body memories" allow us to carry
out ordinary motor actions automatically. Procedural
memory is sometimes referred to as implicit memory,
because previous experiences aid in the performance of a
task without explicit and conscious awareness of these
previous experiences, although it is more properly a subset
of implicit memory
Memory Mantra

Memory Processes
o Memory Encoding
*is the crucial first step to creating a new memory. It
allows the perceived item of interest to be converted
into a construct that can be stored within the brain, and
then recalled later from short-term or long-term
memory.
*is a biological event beginning with perception through
the senses
*Encoding or registration (receiving, processing and
combining of received information)
Memory Mantra

Memory Storage
*is the more or less passive process of retaining
information in the brain, whether in the sensory memory,
the short-term memory or the more permanent long-
term memory.
*Each of these different stages of human memory
function as a sort of filter that helps to protect us from
the flood of information that confront us on a daily basis,
avoiding an overload of information and helping to keep
us sane.
Memory Mantra

Memory Recall/Retrieval
*Retrieval, recall or recollection (calling back the stored
information in response to some cue for use in a process
or activity)
*refers to the subsequent re-accessing of events or
information from the past, which have been previously
encoded and stored in the brain.
*During recall, the brain "replays" a pattern of neural
activity that was originally generated in response to a
particular event, echoing the brain's perception of the
real event.
*It is known as Remembering.
Memory Mantra

*Because of the way memories are encoded and
stored, memory recall is effectively an on-the-fly
reconstruction of elements scattered throughout
various areas of our brains.
*Memories are not stored in our brains like books on
library shelves, or even as a collection of self-
contained recordings or pictures or video clips, but
may be better thought of as a kind of collage or a
jigsaw puzzle, involving different elements stored in
disparate parts of the brain linked together by
associations and neural networks.
Memory Mantra

Strategies for College Success –
Chapter 8
Improving your Memory
Memory Mantra

Memory Techniques
 What we’ll be covering:
 things that can effect your ability to remember something
 basic memory tips
 strategies to improve your memory
 moving from short-term memory to long-term memory
 from memorization to deep-learning
Memory Mantra

 Use mnemonics, or memory techniques
 Try creating a song or rhyme to help you remember (e.g., “Thirty days hath
September, April, June, and November. All the rest have thirty-one,
excepting February alone. It has twenty-eight days time, but in leap years it
has twenty-nine”)
 Use acronyms (e.g., to remember the Great Lakes use the word HOMES for
Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior)
 Acrostics (e.g., to remember hierarchy of taxonomic classification
remember, “Ken’s Pants Caught On Fire, Great Scott!” for Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Specific Epithet => Animalia, Chordata,
Mammalia, Primates, Hominidae, Homo, Sapiens [Species: Homo sapiens]).
 Visual methods – exaggerate the image of what it is you are trying to
memorize.
Memory Mantra

 Avoid studying material in the same sequence
 Try starting at the end or middle of the material
Memory Mantra

THE
END Memory Mantra

Dainik Bhaskar Live Positive- Memory Mantras & Art of Memorizing For Success in Examination

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Dainik Bhaskar Live Positive- Memory Mantras & Art of Memorizing For Success in Examination