Healthcare

1. DR. ARNEL BANAGA SALGADO, PhD (PMHN), Ph.D. (Psychology), Ed.D., Sc.D., RN, PGD
H/P No.: 050-799-3803
URL: www.ifeet.org; www.arnelsalgado.com
◦ Member: Sigma Theta Tau International – Honor Society of Nursing (Constituent No. 1628977)
◦ Member: American Psychological Association (APA Roll No. 04438162)
 Doctor of Psychology (Psych.D.)
 Fellow Program in Management (FPM – Psychology)
 Doctor of Science (D.Sc.)
 Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)
 Master of Arts in Nursing (M.A.N)
 Master of Arts in Teaching - Psychology (M.A.T.)
 Registered Nurse (PH, MYL, UAE)
 Licensed Teacher (PH)
 Certificate in Teaching,
 Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN, PH)
LEARNING STYLES

2. What are Learning Styles?
Information enters your brain three main
ways: sight, hearing and touch, which one
you use the most is called your Learning
Style
 Visual Learners learn by sight
 Auditory Learners learn by hearing
 Tactile Learners (kinesthetic) learn by touch

3. What is YOUR LS?
 Please answer the following question
by marking the letter representing the
description that best expresses how
you usually handle each situation:

4. 1. When you SPELL
A. Do you try to see the word?
B. Sound out the word, or use a phonetic
approach?
C. Write the word down to find if it feels
right?

5. 2. When you TALK
A. Talk sparingly, but dislike listening for too
long? Do you favor words such as see,
picture, and imagine?
B. Enjoy listening, but are impatient to talk?
Use words such as hear, tune, and think?
C. Gesture and use expressive movements?
Use words such as feel, touch, and hold?

6. 3. When you VISUALIZE
A. Do you see vivid, detailed pictures?
B. Think in sounds?
C. Have few images, all involving
movement?

7. 4. When you CONCENTRATE
A. Do you become distracted by untidiness or
movement?
B. Become distracted by sounds or noises?
C. Become distracted by activity around you?

8. 5. When you MEET someone
again
A. Do you forget names, but remember
faces? Remember where you met?
B. Forget faces, but remember names?
Remember what you talked about?
C. Remember best what you did together?

9. 6. When you CONTACT people
on business
A. Do you prefer direct, face-to face,
personal meetings?
B. Prefer the telephone?
C. Talk with them while walking or
participating in an activity?

10. 7. When you RELAX
A. Do you prefer to watch TV, a play, or
movie?
B. Prefer to listen to the radio, music, or
read?
C. Prefer to play games or work with your
hands?

11. 8. When you TRY to interpret
someone’s mood
A. Do you primarily look at facial
expressions?
B. Listen to tone of voice?
C. Watch body movement?

12. 9. When you READ
A. Do you like descriptive scenes? Pause to
imagine the action?
B. Enjoy dialogue and conversation, or hear
the characters talk?
C. Prefer action stories or are not a keen
reader?

13. 10. When you DO something
new at work
A. Do you like to see demonstrations,
diagrams, slides or posters?
B. Prefer verbal instructions or talking about
it with someone else?
C. Prefer to jump right in and try it?

14. 11. When you PUT something
together
A. Do you look at the directions and the
picture?
B. Like to talk with someone or find yourself
talking out loud as you work?
C. Ignore the directions and figure it out as
you go along?

15. 12. When you NEED help with a
computer application
A. Do you seek out pictures or diagrams?
B. Call the help-desk, ask a neighbor, or yell at
the computer?
C. Keep trying to do it or try it on another
computer?

16. 13. When you TEACH someone
A. Do you prefer to show them?
B. Prefer to tell them?
C. Do it for them and let them see how it’s
done or ask them to try it?

17. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS
YOU LEARNING?

18. Visual Learners
1. Prefer to see information such as pictures,
diagrams, cartoons, demonstrations
2. Picture words and concepts they hear as
images
3. Easily distracted in lecture with no visual aids
4. Overwhelmed with intense visuals
accompanied by lecture
5. Benefit from using charts, maps, notes, and
flash cards when studying

19. Auditory Learners
1. Prefer to hear information spoken
2. Can absorb a lecture with little effort
3. May not need careful notes to learn.
4. Often avoid eye contact in order to
concentrate
5. May read aloud to themselves
6. Like background music when they study

20. Tactile or Kinesthetic Learners
1. Prefer touch as their primary mode for
taking in information
2. In traditional lecture situations, they should
write out important facts
3. Create study sheets connected to vivid
examples
4. Role-playing can help them learn and
remember important ideas
5. May benefit by using manipulatives
Okay, I
get it
now.

21. Kolb’s learning styles model
 According to Kolb (1984)
"learning is the process whereby knowledge
is created through the transformation of
experience. Knowledge results from the
combination of grasping experience and
transforming it."

22. Kolb's learning model
 Is based on two continuums that form a quadrant:
 Processing Continuum: Our approach to a task, such
as preferring to learn by doing or watching:
Mechanism by which we grasp the experience.
 Perception Continuum: Our emotional response,
such as preferring to learn by thinking or feeling:
Mechanism by which transform the experience.

25. LE: Riding a bicycle:
 Reflective observation -
Thinking about riding and
watching another person ride a
bike.
 Abstract conceptualization -
Understanding the theory and
having a clear grasp of the biking
concept.
 Concrete experience - Receiving
practical tips and techniques from
a biking expert.
 Active experimentation -
Leaping on the bike and have a go
at it.

27. Your Intelligence Profile created
by Howard Gardner
 A theory of “multiple intelligences,” suggesting
abilities seem to cluster in eight different areas:
1. Verbal-LinguisticSkills
2. Logical-MathematicalSkills
3. Bodily-KinestheticSkills
4. Visual-SpatialSkills
5. InterpersonalAbilities
6. IntrapersonalAbilities
7. MusicalAbilities
8. NaturalisticAbilities

28. Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory (MBTI)
1. Extraversion/Introversion
2. Sensing/Intuiting
3. Thinking/Feeling
4. Judging/Perceiving

29. Extraversion/Introversion
(Social Orientation)
 Extroverts
 Like talking with others and taking action.
 Prefer active learning and group projects.
 Introverts
 Prefer to have others do the talking.
 Prefer lectures and structured tasks.

30. Sensing/Intuiting
(Information Processing)
 Sensors
 Are most at home with facts and examples.
 Are drawn to realistic and practical applications.
 Prefer memorizable facts, and concrete questions.
 Intuiters
 Prefer concepts and theories which can give
greater play to imagination and inspiration.
 Prefer interpretation and imagination.

31. Thinking/Feeling
(Decision Making)
 Thinkers
 Like to take an objective approach and
emphasize logic and analysis in their
decisions.
 Prefer objective feedback, and thrive
when there is pressure to succeed.
 Feelers
 Prefer emotion to logic.
 Give greater weight to the impact of
relationships in their decisions.
 Prefer positive feedback and individual
recognition.

32. Judging/Perceiving
(Achieving Goals)
 Judgers
 Prefer clearly defined strategies to
achieve goals.
 May jump to closure too quickly.
 Prefer orderliness, structure, and
deadlines.
 Perceivers
 Like to consider all sides to a problem
and may be at some risk for not
completing their work.
 Prefer spontaneity and flexibility.
My mind is
made up!
Don’t confuse
me with facts.
Let’s think this through

33. Surface Learning
 Studying the minimum of what needs to
be learned
 Relying primarily on rote memorization,
often exercised at the last minute
[Cramming]
 Motivation comes from grades
 In a hurry to get it over with.
 Risky – no real learning occurs
 Much less likely to lead to college success

34. Deep Learning
 Goal is to truly understand course material
 Involves actively constructing learning
experiences
 Leads to better memory retention
 Deep learners enjoy the process of learning
for its own sake
 Deep learners use more thinking skills
Fascinating!
I need to
know more…

35. Discovering Your
Own Learning Style
 Take a Learning Styles test.
 Think about your favorite classes in high school or college so
far. What do they have in common? Did you like…
 mastering facts?
 discussion? or working on your own?
 lecture? or pairing or grouping?
 hands-on activities?
 Do some self-analysis (called metacognition).
 How do you think you learn?

36. Using Knowledge of Your
Learning Style
Knowing your learning style, bothyour strengths and
your weaknesses, can help you studymore effectively.

37. Build Strengths across the
Learning Styles
 Make the best use of your learning style.
 Work harder in skills that don’t come easily to
you.
 Be flexible and adaptable, try new things and
new ways.
 Keep growing! Don’t be easily satisfied!

38. Different Teaching Styles
Are they compatible with your learning style?
Lecture – teacher talks all period
Group discussion – teacher talks but encourages
discussion
Small groups – teacher aids (facilitates) group
interaction
Visual focus – teacher uses lots of visual aids
Verbal focus – words, words & more words
Logical sequence – teacher presents material in a
step-by-step, reasonable format
Random sequence – teacher jumps all over the place

39. Making the Most of the Student-Instructor
Relationship
 Make it a point to attend class
regularly, and on time.
 If you have a question, ask it.
 Save your “cuts” for emergencies.
 Sit near the front.
 See your instructor outside class
when you need help.
 Share one or more “one minute
papers” and your ideas with your
instructor.

40. REMEMBER!
No matter what your Learning Style is it’s very
important to-
1. Be involved in class – participate!
2. Link classroom experience to the outside world
3. Relate class concepts to your own life.
4. Ask questions and offer criticism.
5. Stimulate further relevant discussion.
6. Don’t get distracted – stay “on-task”
7. Keep an open mind: there are many ideas beyond
your own.