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Intercultural Management AG
Intercultural Management ChristianFanning M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting October 17th, 08 Dr. Gudrun Curri
“Today you can eliminate that hyphen because we are taking steps to make DiamlerChrysler truly one company everywhere in the world: no hyphens, no spaces.” Dieter Zetsche CEO of DiamlerChrysler, January 25, 2006 “Cerberus Takes Over Majority Interest in Chrysler Group and Related Financial Services Business for EUR 5.5 Billion ($74 Million) from DiamlerChrysler.” www.diamlerchrysler.com  May 14, 2007 M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
“Today you can eliminate that hyphen because we are taking steps to make DaimlerChrysler truly one company everywhere in the world: no hyphens, no spaces.” Dieter Zetsche CEO of DaimlerChrysler, January 25, 2006 “Cerberus Takes Over Majority Interest in Chrysler Group and Related Financial Services Business for EUR 5.5 Billion ($7.4 Billion) from DaimlerChrysler.” www.daimlerchrysler.com  May 14, 2007 M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
? M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
?
What Happened? Merger’s Failure Root Causes ? ? ? M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
What Happened? Cross Cultural Mismatch High Rivalry & Competition Lack of Integration Merger’s Failure Root Causes ? ? Loss of Perceived Value Industry Demand ? M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
Cross Cultural Mismatch ,[object Object]
Hierarchical (centralized)  vs. Decentralized
 Styles
Traditional (rigid)  vs. Loose (creative)Gottlieb Wilhelm  Daimler Walter Chrysler
Cross Cultural Mismatch ,[object Object]
Displacement of Executives
 German Head Quarters
Discrepancy in SalariesM.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
Lack of Integration ,[object Object]
 Elite vs. Inferior Images
Manufacturing Integration
Culture Clash
 Products & EmployeesM.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
   High Rivalry in the Industry ,[object Object]
 Low Cost Producers & Supply
Heavy Capital Investment
Trading Issues
 Tariffs (‘Fortress Europe’)M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
Low Demand ,[object Object]
 Sept. 11th & Oil Concerns
Economic Changes
Unemployment & Financial
Confidence IssuesM.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
Loss of Value ,[object Object]
1.3 Million Recall (Largest)
Stock Price Decrease
 Law Suit (Kirk Kerkorian)M.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting
Importance & Urgency
Main Constraints ,[object Object]
Inflexible Management Structure
Brand Image &  Market ConfidenceM.A. + L.O.C.K. Consulting

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Daimler Chyrsler

Editor's Notes

  1. Intro
  2. Daimler’s Portfolio
  3. The 2 Players
  4. Chrysler’s Portfolio
  5. 1 sec
  6. 1 sec
  7. Few secs
  8. The idea to create a wide brand portfolio
  9. However
  10. Why we are here, but before we can solve the issues we need to look at the causes.Problem (Issue Statement):The “merger of equals” between Daimler AG and Chrysler has failed because of a lack of cultural synergy. Daimler wants to move forward and perhaps form an alliance with a different company. Before it does so, it faces several problems, namely: a stalled Asian strategy, a need for corporate restructuring, a deteriorating brand image, and excessively high manufacturing costs. Before considering any new alliances, Daimler also needs to analyze why they failed to realize the synergies they had hoped for from the merger with Chrysler.
  11. Data Analysis: Instead of being a merger of equals, this merger was a disaster for both Daimler and Chrysler, and resulted in a significant loss of profits. The causes of the failure of the merger are shown in the fishbone diagram in Figure 1 and discussed below.
  12. Data Analysis: Instead of being a merger of equals, this merger was a disaster for both Daimler and Chrysler, and resulted in a significant loss of profits. The causes of the failure of the merger are shown in the fishbone diagram in Figure 1 and discussed below.
  13. Prt1The first cause for the failure of the merger was the cross-cultural incompatibility between the two companies. The management styles differ largely between Daimler and Chrysler. Daimler is committed to a tradition of methodical decision making, and places much emphasis on superior engineering and high product quality. Their management structure is also more hierarchical and decision making is more centralized. Chrysler, on the other hand, is used to a more creative, decentralized decision making process. As such, the hierarchy of the company is less rigid. The focus is on cost-controlled production. This cultural mismatch was exacerbated by lack of exposure to each others’ management practices, the displacement of North American executives, and the lack of parity as regards salaries and compensation. This caused a large amount of tension between employees of the two companies.
  14. Prt2The first cause for the failure of the merger was the cross-cultural incompatibility between the two companies. The management styles differ largely between Daimler and Chrysler. Daimler is committed to a tradition of methodical decision making, and places much emphasis on superior engineering and high product quality. Their management structure is also more hierarchical and decision making is more centralized. Chrysler, on the other hand, is used to a more creative, decentralized decision making process. As such, the hierarchy of the company is less rigid. The focus is on cost-controlled production. This cultural mismatch was exacerbated by lack of exposure to each others’ management practices, the displacement of North American executives, and the lack of parity as regards salaries and compensation. This caused a large amount of tension between employees of the two companies.
  15. Another major cause was the lack of integration of manufacturing practices due in part to brand incompatibility. Daimler’s brand was perceived to be fancier and more elite, while Chrysler’s was considered to be inferior. Daimler dealers in Europe even refused to sell Chrysler cars. Employees on both sides refused to buy in. as such, there was no serious attempt made to integrate manufacturing processes to produce the reduction in costs that Daimler was looking for. Indeed, the culture clash seemed to be as much between the products as between the employees of the two companies. Due to the lack of integration, Daimler ended up with all of the disadvantages of the merger with none of the advantages.
  16. High rivalry in the automotive industry was also a factor. Tariff barriers tend to be high. Introduction of new products is usually an expensive and time consuming process. As such, competition in the industry has become increasingly cut-throat over the past few years.
  17. The market has also grown smaller and consumer demand is low. Due to the economic slowdown since the events of September 11, increased unemployment rates, and rising fuel prices, consumers do not buy as many cars as they used to. Their confidence has also decreased as relates to Chrysler specifically.
  18. Lastly, the merger unfortunately resulted in a loss of value to both companies. Stock prices fell so low that investors initiated a lawsuit. Quality issues cost the post-merger company as well; 1.3 million Mercedes cars were recalled in 2005. This loss of value worsened as the merger began to fall apart in a positive feedback loop.
  19. Figure 2 represents an importance and urgency matrix showing how we see the problems being faced by the company.
  20. Constraints and Opportunities: The company must overcome several main constraints before it can pursue any of these opportunities. Manufacturing costs are high. The current management structure is expensive and somewhat inflexible. Daimler’s brand image and reputation within the market has suffered in part due to the failed merger, so the company needs to go back to its core values and work from its core competencies.
  21. Constraints and Opportunities: With the automotive industry in its current state, it is vital for Daimler to establish a stable place for itself within the market and recover from the merger. The company has several major opportunities it can pursue to establish more market share. There is room for lowering costs and optimizing supply chains. Daimler can examine entering emerging markets, such as new entrants to the European Union. It can revitalize its stalled Asian entry strategy. The company can also re-establish its technological leadership and increase research and development. One possible future course for the company is production of hybrid/eco-friendly vehicles.
  22. Key Decision FactorsIn view of the constraints listed above, the key decision factors that will be used to evaluate Daimler’s alternatives are: corporate and brand image, margins and profits, cultural sensitivity, market share, growth rate, and operations and production efficiency. Satisfying these criteria ensures firstly that the chosen alternative is viable, and secondly that Daimler is able to overcome its problems and pursue the opportunities noted above
  23. Alternatives: In light of the situation, Daimler can pursue one of three different alternatives. Alternative #1 consists of a status quo situation. Daimler can continue with business as usual, recoup its losses from the failed merger, and wait for market conditions to get better. This is the safest alternative and may allow the companies to strengthen its core values. However, considering how competitive the automotive industry is, this may cost Daimler market share in the not-too-distant future. It also precludes following many of the opportunities listed above.
  24. Alternatives: In light of the situation, Daimler can pursue one of three different alternatives. Alternative #1 consists of a status quo situation. Daimler can continue with business as usual, recoup its losses from the failed merger, and wait for market conditions to get better. This is the safest alternative and may allow the companies to strengthen its core values. However, considering how competitive the automotive industry is, this may cost Daimler market share in the not-too-distant future. It also precludes following many of the opportunities listed above.
  25. Alternatives: In light of the situation, Daimler can pursue one of three different alternatives. Alternative #1 consists of a status quo situation. Daimler can continue with business as usual, recoup its losses from the failed merger, and wait for market conditions to get better. This is the safest alternative and may allow the companies to strengthen its core values. However, considering how competitive the automotive industry is, this may cost Daimler market share in the not-too-distant future. It also precludes following many of the opportunities listed above.
  26. Alternatives: In light of the situation, Daimler can pursue one of three different alternatives. Alternative #1 consists of a status quo situation. Daimler can continue with business as usual, recoup its losses from the failed merger, and wait for market conditions to get better. This is the safest alternative and may allow the companies to strengthen its core values. However, considering how competitive the automotive industry is, this may cost Daimler market share in the not-too-distant future. It also precludes following many of the opportunities listed above.
  27. Alternatives:Alternative #2 involves Daimler remaining a single, stand-alone company. No new mergers or alliances should be pursued. Daimler should try to fill in the gaps and find ways to cut costs and streamline manufacturing processes. In terms of growth and expansion, this alternative may eventually lead to a greenfield in North American operating under the Daimler name. This alternative may allow the company to overcome some of its constraints, and also provides an option for expansion into North America. It may not be enough to get Daimler the larger market share it aspires to.
  28. Alternatives:Alternative #2 involves Daimler remaining a single, stand-alone company. No new mergers or alliances should be pursued. Daimler should try to fill in the gaps and find ways to cut costs and streamline manufacturing processes. In terms of growth and expansion, this alternative may eventually lead to a greenfield in North American operating under the Daimler name. This alternative may allow the company to overcome some of its constraints, and also provides an option for expansion into North America. It may not be enough to get Daimler the larger market share it aspires to.
  29. Alternatives:Alternative #2 involves Daimler remaining a single, stand-alone company. No new mergers or alliances should be pursued. Daimler should try to fill in the gaps and find ways to cut costs and streamline manufacturing processes. In terms of growth and expansion, this alternative may eventually lead to a greenfield in North American operating under the Daimler name. This alternative may allow the company to overcome some of its constraints, and also provides an option for expansion into North America. It may not be enough to get Daimler the larger market share it aspires to.
  30. Alternatives:Alternative #2 involves Daimler remaining a single, stand-alone company. No new mergers or alliances should be pursued. Daimler should try to fill in the gaps and find ways to cut costs and streamline manufacturing processes. In terms of growth and expansion, this alternative may eventually lead to a greenfield in North American operating under the Daimler name. This alternative may allow the company to overcome some of its constraints, and also provides an option for expansion into North America. It may not be enough to get Daimler the larger market share it aspires to.
  31. Alternatives: Alternative #3 involves Daimler pursuing another alliance with a more suitable company. A full merger is not advisable; Daimler employees have previously rejected this option and this was a significant factor in the failure of the merger with Chrysler. A less integrative alliance of a less involved level is indicated to minimize risk and culture clash. This would be done with the view of streamlining manufacturing processes and decreasing costs, as well as combining new research and development initiatives. New market opportunities can thus be pursued jointly.
  32. Alternatives: Alternative #3 involves Daimler pursuing another alliance with a more suitable company. A full merger is not advisable; Daimler employees have previously rejected this option and this was a significant factor in the failure of the merger with Chrysler. A less integrative alliance of a less involved level is indicated to minimize risk and culture clash. This would be done with the view of streamlining manufacturing processes and decreasing costs, as well as combining new research and development initiatives. New market opportunities can thus be pursued jointly.
  33. Alternatives: Alternative #3 involves Daimler pursuing another alliance with a more suitable company. A full merger is not advisable; Daimler employees have previously rejected this option and this was a significant factor in the failure of the merger with Chrysler. A less integrative alliance of a less involved level is indicated to minimize risk and culture clash. This would be done with the view of streamlining manufacturing processes and decreasing costs, as well as combining new research and development initiatives. New market opportunities can thus be pursued jointly.
  34. Alternatives: Alternative #3 involves Daimler pursuing another alliance with a more suitable company. A full merger is not advisable; Daimler employees have previously rejected this option and this was a significant factor in the failure of the merger with Chrysler. A less integrative alliance of a less involved level is indicated to minimize risk and culture clash. This would be done with the view of streamlining manufacturing processes and decreasing costs, as well as combining new research and development initiatives. New market opportunities can thus be pursued jointly.
  35. Alternatives:Alternative #3 continuedAn alliance with an Asian company is preferable over an alliance with a European company. A European alliance would certainly be the safer option due to fewer barriers, similar business and corporate cultures, similarity in world views, and common distribution networks. An Asian alliance, while riskier, also provides a much more significant opportunity. A European alliance would result in less global market coverage. There would be more opportunity for cost savings as Asian companies are known for producing a high quality product at a competitive price. In addition, some Asian automotive manufacturers are already moving into the new hybrid technologies, which is an opportunity Daimler must pursue to remain competitive. The Asian and German business cultures are not far removed either; both are methodical decision makers, high context cultures, and have more hierarchical management structures. Daimler may thus be more compatible with an Asian company than it was with Chrysler.
  36. Reommendations:Qualitative Orange & Quantitative BlueIn terms of corporate and brand image, the suggested alliance may have a positive or negative effect, depending on how successful the manoeuvre is. Brand image can improve greatly if the alliance is successful and product quality increases. It can also suffer if the alliance does badly. However, it is worth noting that there is less risk to Daimler’s brand image in this instance, given that the proposed move is an alliance not a merger. This should insulate buyers’ perception of the brand somewhat.Cultural sensitivity in this instance is only useful in judging the third alternative. As was previously discussed, a merger with an Asian company has a far greater chance of success than a merger with a North American company. This is due to the greater similarities in corporate cultures and management styles between the two regions. There is greater organizational formality and structures are more hierarchical. Both management styles value methodical decision making. Both have long term planning mentalities with a focus on future growth.Daimler’s market share is likely to grow significantly if it chooses this option. Such an alliance would open up markets in Asia and perhaps other markets, if the target company has a presence elsewhere. This is the ideal alternative if Daimler is to revitalize its Asian entry strategy. It also provides a platform for future growth and expansion as other markets can be entered jointly.As for margins and profits, an alliance with an Asian company can greatly increase these quantitative measures. This would come mainly from increased cost savings, synergies in manufacturing and R & D platforms, and more sales.Finally, by choosing the right company, Daimler can streamline its R & D and manufacturing costs, as well as take advantage of economies of scale to a certain extent. It may also be able to take advantage of its new partner’s existing distribution channels. This will go a long way towards solving a problem the company has long been plagued with.
  37. Alternatives:After serious consideration and despite the requirements on time and cost, we recommend that Daimler implement alternative #3. Based on the above matrix, alternative #3 is the strongest option. As has been mentioned, it is the riskiest option that the company can implement, but it still has a high probability of return.
  38. Recommendations:Which Car Company To Chose
  39. Action and Implementation Plan: Daimler should begin by doing a careful environmental assessment to decide where the greater opportunity lies. An analysis of the companies in the chosen area should then follow. Details which must be carefully considered include, but are not limited to, the following: market share, strength in R & D, manufacturing synergies, management culture synergies, compatible supplier networks, and compatible long term goals. These are the advantages Daimler would like to enjoy through this alliance.Once the assessment is complete, the sample should be narrowed down to three companies. At this point, it is vital to research the cultural profiles of the countries these companies operate within, to ensure that a cultural synergy exists. Even more important at this point is to foster employee cooperation. The two main reasons the Chrysler merger failed was the lack of cultural sensitivity on both companies’ parts, and the lack of employee buy-in. the preparation work needs to be done more carefully this time and a more effective cultural sensitivity training process should be conducted. Preliminary talks can then begin. The process up to this point should not take longer than six months.
  40. Action and Implementation Plan: It is important to note here that relationship building with the target company needs to be the focus of the company if an alliance is to be built successfully. Therefore, a great investment in terms of time should be anticipated, and the negotiation team assigned to the project should be capable, experienced, and committed. A more fixed timeline can be developed after preliminary talks are completed, but we estimate 1.5 – 2 years in total.
  41. Contingency Plan: If preliminary talks fail, or no suitable Asian target is found, we recommend our second alternative as a contingency plan. This will allow Daimler to re-focus on its core values and competencies, cut costs, and retrench. It also offers a safer alternative for slower growth. However, the company should be prepared to move more aggressively than it has in the past if it is to maintain market it share and continue to be profitable; this is dictated by the state of the industry and the general economy.
  42. Assumptions:Several assumptions were made throughout the analysis of the case and design and analysis of alternatives. The first is that the result of all alternatives is the best case scenario for each case. We assume that Daimler will carefully consider the previous merger and learn from its mistakes, and use the failure as a learning experience; also that Daimler employees will be cooperative and work toward the alliance in concert with their top management. We assume that sharing of resources with the target Asian company will lead to lowered costs. Lastly and most importantly, we assume the cooperation of the target company and their willingness to indulge at least preliminary talks.