International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
Search for meaning in life: Evidence for nuanced associations with psychologi...Nick Stauner
(2016, January). Poster presented at the 17th convention of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Diego, CA.
Searching for meaning in life has been conceptualized as a fundamental human motivation that plays an integral role in mature development. Yet most empirical research on search for meaning has revealed it to be associated with a poorer profile of psychological health. We examined how searching for meaning relates to a broad range of indicators of psychological adjustment in 7 large‐scales studies (total N = 10,067). We found the traditional associations between search for meaning and indicators of negative emotional health (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress), but we also discovered evidence for more nuanced relations between search for meaning with personality and mental health variables. Specifically, among people reporting high levels of presence of meaning in life, search for meaning was conducive to well being. Additionally, although search was related to religious and spiritual struggle, it was also associated with a more
engaged approach to resolving those struggles.
Desires and Decisions - A look into how positive emotions influence decision ...Shiva Kakkar
In the past few years the field of emotions has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. A major reason for this is the ability of emotions to influence human motivation and actions by influencing the cognitive processes of the brain (Latham, 2007). Research by Kahneman and Tversky (1973) has for long suggested that not all human decisions are rational in nature. A significant part of irrational decision making can be attributed to the play of emotions in human beings. Thus, it is interesting to see how emotions interfere with the thinking process of individuals. The paper specifically attempts to view the effect of positive emotions i.e. feeling of happiness, joy and/or enthusiasm on the decision making process in human beings. In order to achieve this, two opposite scientific views in the form of a critique and a refutation are presented to understand the utility of positive emotions in decision making.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
Search for meaning in life: Evidence for nuanced associations with psychologi...Nick Stauner
(2016, January). Poster presented at the 17th convention of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Diego, CA.
Searching for meaning in life has been conceptualized as a fundamental human motivation that plays an integral role in mature development. Yet most empirical research on search for meaning has revealed it to be associated with a poorer profile of psychological health. We examined how searching for meaning relates to a broad range of indicators of psychological adjustment in 7 large‐scales studies (total N = 10,067). We found the traditional associations between search for meaning and indicators of negative emotional health (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress), but we also discovered evidence for more nuanced relations between search for meaning with personality and mental health variables. Specifically, among people reporting high levels of presence of meaning in life, search for meaning was conducive to well being. Additionally, although search was related to religious and spiritual struggle, it was also associated with a more
engaged approach to resolving those struggles.
Desires and Decisions - A look into how positive emotions influence decision ...Shiva Kakkar
In the past few years the field of emotions has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. A major reason for this is the ability of emotions to influence human motivation and actions by influencing the cognitive processes of the brain (Latham, 2007). Research by Kahneman and Tversky (1973) has for long suggested that not all human decisions are rational in nature. A significant part of irrational decision making can be attributed to the play of emotions in human beings. Thus, it is interesting to see how emotions interfere with the thinking process of individuals. The paper specifically attempts to view the effect of positive emotions i.e. feeling of happiness, joy and/or enthusiasm on the decision making process in human beings. In order to achieve this, two opposite scientific views in the form of a critique and a refutation are presented to understand the utility of positive emotions in decision making.
Decoding word association 5 word to three word association testCol Mukteshwar Prasad
There is certainly certain amount of subjectivity in WAT assessment and it is not yet amenable for computerisation which is the norm today. This test is used as confirmation of findings in TAT being conducted just before this test
The need for a new WAT is felt, owing to the great amount of subjectivity in the interpretation and scoring of the test.
The new WAT which is one word to three word response aims to bring about greater objectivity in the assessment of affect, and also aims to minimise the element of subjectivity in the interpretation.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Childhood Maltreatment and PTSD Literature Review and Proposed StudyAlexandraPerkins5
This literature and proposed study explores several research articles relating to childhood maltreatment and PTSD. The second section proposes a hypothetical study to further explore a gap identified in the literature review.
Comparative Personality Sketch of Middle Aged Male and Female Counterparts Hi...inventionjournals
The aim of the present study is to make a comparative personality profile in the light of anger expression, narcissism and happiness among middle aged males and females. A sample of 100 middle aged individuals (50 males and 50 females) was selected. The variables selected for the study were anger expression, narcissism and happiness. Results indicate that happiness and narcissism both are positively correlated and basically self-love is found to be a basic source of happiness for both subsamples. Moreover, significant differences were found in case of anger expression and overall narcissism. Male counterparts were positioned at the top point of narcissism and anger expression and lack anger control but females have more anger out, anger reaction, superiority and vanity than male ones which pinpoints the fact that females tend to invest a great deal of energy in maintaining and preventing the experience and expression of anger. While controlling anger is certainly desirable, the over-control of anger may result in passivity, withdrawal and depression.
1Roles Culture, Gender, and Religion in Emotion Experien.docxdurantheseldine
1
Roles Culture, Gender, and Religion in Emotion Experience and Expression
Student Name
University
Course
Professors Name
Date
Roles Culture, Gender, and Religion in Emotion Experience and Expression
Items that stood out in the study
The number of items in the article is emotional experiences and how they are expressed in different individuals, the variation of the emotional expression concerning social, gender, and cultural relationship. These items stood out because there is a great variation in how different genders, religions, and people of different social backgrounds express emotion. The empirical research revealed these items on gender, religion, and social life. The researcher wanted to know the roles these three items play in individual emotions and how they are expressed between different individuals.
What did the authors of the study you selected examine in their research? What did they hypothesize and why (rationale)?
The author examined how often people face basic and secondary emotions in the study. He also examined the appropriateness in which different individuals express emotions to people of different relationships. The study also examined the appropriateness of feeling and the act of expressing basic emotions regarding religion and cultural background. (DeLeersnyder & Boiger (2016). The author hypothesis that there is a meaningful relationship between the expression of emotion and feelings. The author also hypothesis that there is a variation in the expression of emotions in different social relationships. The author's rationale indicated that different individuals have separate ways of accepting various aspects related to emotions, and their ways of expressing themselves vary from one person to another.
What methods did they use?
The author of this study used a questionnaire as a method of collecting the data. In the study, a total of fifty-four adults were used, including twenty-six males and twenty-eight females living in Sri Lanka and the western province. The research used a convenience sampling method to collect the data. The participants' ages ranged from 17 to 64 years, while the mean age was 28 years. The participants of the research were Sinhalese Buddhists. Participation in this study was voluntary. A questionnaire was developed to examine the emotional experience and expressions of different individuals. The researcher allocated time to explain the aim of the study to the participant, and they were given instructions for filling out the questionnaire.
Meaningful findings the authors
The researcher found that regarding the experience of basic and secondary emotions, there were significant effects from gender. Thus, it indicated that different genders had a difference in the feelings of anger, shyness, sadness, and pleasure. The research found that female experiences sadness more as compared to males. Concerning anger, it was found that males feel more anger than females. Based on the level of pleasure.
2/21/2013
Title:Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes.
Author:
1) Orth, Ulrich, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basal, Switzerland,
2)Robins, Richard W., Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, CA, US
3)Widaman, Keith F., Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, CA, US
Purpose of the research:
The present research addresses this gap in the literature by examining effects of self-esteem on life-span trajectories of relationship satisfaction, job satisfaction, occupational status, salary, affect, depression, and health, using data from a large longitudinal study of four generations of individuals ages 16 to 97 years. Currently, the field lacks a broad theoretical perspective that could provide a framework for the present research. By examining patterns of findings across developmental contexts (adolescence to old age), we hope to contribute to building a new, overarching theory of the causes and consequences of self-esteem across the life course.
Research method:
The data come from the Longitudinal Study of Generation. In 1971, three-generation families were randomly drawn from a subscriber list of about 840,000 members of a health maintenance organization in Southern California. Since 1991, the study has included a fourth generation (i.e., the great-grandchildren in the same families). The members of the health maintenance organization included primarily White working-class and middle-class families, and very low and very high socioeconomic levels were not represented in the population. However, level of education among family members corresponded to national norms at the time the sample was drawn. Although the sample was originally recruited in Southern California, at recent waves, more than half of the sample lived outside the region in other parts of California, in other states of the United States or abroad, because of residential mobility of participants.
Participants were assessed in 1971, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, and 2000. In 1971 and 1985, the LSG did not include the full self-esteem measure; the present study therefore examines data of the five waves from 1988 to 2000. We excluded any participant whose age was unknown or who did not provide data on self-esteem at any of the five waves.
Participants:
The sample included 1,824 individuals (57% female). Table 1 gives an overview of the demographic characteristics for the full sample and for the four separate generations. The distribution of gender is relatively even across generations. The age range across waves was 14 to 102 years; however, because only one assessment was below age 16 and two assessments were above age 97, we restricted the analyses to the age range from 16 to 97 years. Of the participants, 94% were Caucasian, 3% were Hispanic, 1% were African American, 1% were Native American, and 1% were of other ethnicity. Because of the low frequencies of ethnicities othe.
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
Decoding word association 5 word to three word association testCol Mukteshwar Prasad
There is certainly certain amount of subjectivity in WAT assessment and it is not yet amenable for computerisation which is the norm today. This test is used as confirmation of findings in TAT being conducted just before this test
The need for a new WAT is felt, owing to the great amount of subjectivity in the interpretation and scoring of the test.
The new WAT which is one word to three word response aims to bring about greater objectivity in the assessment of affect, and also aims to minimise the element of subjectivity in the interpretation.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Childhood Maltreatment and PTSD Literature Review and Proposed StudyAlexandraPerkins5
This literature and proposed study explores several research articles relating to childhood maltreatment and PTSD. The second section proposes a hypothetical study to further explore a gap identified in the literature review.
Comparative Personality Sketch of Middle Aged Male and Female Counterparts Hi...inventionjournals
The aim of the present study is to make a comparative personality profile in the light of anger expression, narcissism and happiness among middle aged males and females. A sample of 100 middle aged individuals (50 males and 50 females) was selected. The variables selected for the study were anger expression, narcissism and happiness. Results indicate that happiness and narcissism both are positively correlated and basically self-love is found to be a basic source of happiness for both subsamples. Moreover, significant differences were found in case of anger expression and overall narcissism. Male counterparts were positioned at the top point of narcissism and anger expression and lack anger control but females have more anger out, anger reaction, superiority and vanity than male ones which pinpoints the fact that females tend to invest a great deal of energy in maintaining and preventing the experience and expression of anger. While controlling anger is certainly desirable, the over-control of anger may result in passivity, withdrawal and depression.
1Roles Culture, Gender, and Religion in Emotion Experien.docxdurantheseldine
1
Roles Culture, Gender, and Religion in Emotion Experience and Expression
Student Name
University
Course
Professors Name
Date
Roles Culture, Gender, and Religion in Emotion Experience and Expression
Items that stood out in the study
The number of items in the article is emotional experiences and how they are expressed in different individuals, the variation of the emotional expression concerning social, gender, and cultural relationship. These items stood out because there is a great variation in how different genders, religions, and people of different social backgrounds express emotion. The empirical research revealed these items on gender, religion, and social life. The researcher wanted to know the roles these three items play in individual emotions and how they are expressed between different individuals.
What did the authors of the study you selected examine in their research? What did they hypothesize and why (rationale)?
The author examined how often people face basic and secondary emotions in the study. He also examined the appropriateness in which different individuals express emotions to people of different relationships. The study also examined the appropriateness of feeling and the act of expressing basic emotions regarding religion and cultural background. (DeLeersnyder & Boiger (2016). The author hypothesis that there is a meaningful relationship between the expression of emotion and feelings. The author also hypothesis that there is a variation in the expression of emotions in different social relationships. The author's rationale indicated that different individuals have separate ways of accepting various aspects related to emotions, and their ways of expressing themselves vary from one person to another.
What methods did they use?
The author of this study used a questionnaire as a method of collecting the data. In the study, a total of fifty-four adults were used, including twenty-six males and twenty-eight females living in Sri Lanka and the western province. The research used a convenience sampling method to collect the data. The participants' ages ranged from 17 to 64 years, while the mean age was 28 years. The participants of the research were Sinhalese Buddhists. Participation in this study was voluntary. A questionnaire was developed to examine the emotional experience and expressions of different individuals. The researcher allocated time to explain the aim of the study to the participant, and they were given instructions for filling out the questionnaire.
Meaningful findings the authors
The researcher found that regarding the experience of basic and secondary emotions, there were significant effects from gender. Thus, it indicated that different genders had a difference in the feelings of anger, shyness, sadness, and pleasure. The research found that female experiences sadness more as compared to males. Concerning anger, it was found that males feel more anger than females. Based on the level of pleasure.
2/21/2013
Title:Life-span development of self-esteem and its effects on important life outcomes.
Author:
1) Orth, Ulrich, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basal, Switzerland,
2)Robins, Richard W., Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, CA, US
3)Widaman, Keith F., Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, CA, US
Purpose of the research:
The present research addresses this gap in the literature by examining effects of self-esteem on life-span trajectories of relationship satisfaction, job satisfaction, occupational status, salary, affect, depression, and health, using data from a large longitudinal study of four generations of individuals ages 16 to 97 years. Currently, the field lacks a broad theoretical perspective that could provide a framework for the present research. By examining patterns of findings across developmental contexts (adolescence to old age), we hope to contribute to building a new, overarching theory of the causes and consequences of self-esteem across the life course.
Research method:
The data come from the Longitudinal Study of Generation. In 1971, three-generation families were randomly drawn from a subscriber list of about 840,000 members of a health maintenance organization in Southern California. Since 1991, the study has included a fourth generation (i.e., the great-grandchildren in the same families). The members of the health maintenance organization included primarily White working-class and middle-class families, and very low and very high socioeconomic levels were not represented in the population. However, level of education among family members corresponded to national norms at the time the sample was drawn. Although the sample was originally recruited in Southern California, at recent waves, more than half of the sample lived outside the region in other parts of California, in other states of the United States or abroad, because of residential mobility of participants.
Participants were assessed in 1971, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, and 2000. In 1971 and 1985, the LSG did not include the full self-esteem measure; the present study therefore examines data of the five waves from 1988 to 2000. We excluded any participant whose age was unknown or who did not provide data on self-esteem at any of the five waves.
Participants:
The sample included 1,824 individuals (57% female). Table 1 gives an overview of the demographic characteristics for the full sample and for the four separate generations. The distribution of gender is relatively even across generations. The age range across waves was 14 to 102 years; however, because only one assessment was below age 16 and two assessments were above age 97, we restricted the analyses to the age range from 16 to 97 years. Of the participants, 94% were Caucasian, 3% were Hispanic, 1% were African American, 1% were Native American, and 1% were of other ethnicity. Because of the low frequencies of ethnicities othe.
William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Distinguished Alumnus, Central Washington University, College of Education and Professional Studies, Ellensburg, Washington; Invited Guest Lecturer, Oxford Round Table, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hall of Honor, Prairie View A&M University/Member of the Texas A&M University System. Professor of Educational Leadership, The University of Texas of the Permian Basin.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
2Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak)simisterchristen
2
Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak) and Reaction Time
Jenna Lantrip
October 2nd, 2022
Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak) and Reaction Time
There are many reasons that can cause depression and a cognitive developmental delay, but this review is going to be looking at depression that comes from a relational breakup (heartbreak) and how this effects their reaction time. When an individual undergoes emotional distress that was caused by heartbreak it can lead the individual to negative effects such as, having an increased risk of physical illness and stress-related diseases (Izzati & Takwin, 2018). Young-adults, according to Erikon’s theory are going thothe developmental stage of intimacy versus isolation (Izzati & Tawkin, 2018; Erikson 1968). This emphasizes that young adults are either developing intimate relationships with other individuals or they are being isolated from society. Naturally when an individual is actively pursuing an intimate relationship with another individual and this fails, heartbreak is expected. One should never underestimate the effects that a heartbreak can cause to an individual. Heartbreak can result into emotional distress and even in grief responses (Izzati & Takwin, 2018; Kaczmarek et al., 1990 in Lepore & Greenber, 2002). There can be different levels of heartbreak, an extreme level can cause emotional distress from a heartbreak that can link a person to horrid scenes, such as psychopathology or even death (Izzati & Takwin, 2018; Field, 2011).
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between depression from heartbreak and the effects of cognitive development, more specifically, reaction time in individuals who range from 14-24 years of age. The participants were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory Scale (Streiner, 2002) and The Taylor Competitive Reaction Time Test (TCRTT). Results from this study could be beneficial to mental health professionals and individuals of these ages in understanding why they have a slower or faster reaction time than others.
Background of the Study
When an individual goes through a breakup from a relationship, this can cause many different negative experiences to happen. Whenever there is an increase of stress coming from an event, there is an increased risk for developing depression (Verhallen et al., 2019). Conducting research studies on stressful and emotional upsetting events can provide for great insight as to why there are individual differences when talking about stress-related coping and the link for stress and depression. Previous research has shown that the breakup from a romantic relationship can have such a strong emotional upsetting there can be multiple symptoms that are related to sadness, grief, and depression (Verhallen et al., 2019). There can even be a result of having an increased risk of developing a depressive episode (Verhallen et al., 2019). Women have reported for a h ...
2Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak)pearlenehodge
2
Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak) and Reaction Time
Jenna Lantrip
October 2nd, 2022
Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak) and Reaction Time
There are many reasons that can cause depression and a cognitive developmental delay, but this review is going to be looking at depression that comes from a relational breakup (heartbreak) and how this effects their reaction time. When an individual undergoes emotional distress that was caused by heartbreak it can lead the individual to negative effects such as, having an increased risk of physical illness and stress-related diseases (Izzati & Takwin, 2018). Young-adults, according to Erikon’s theory are going thothe developmental stage of intimacy versus isolation (Izzati & Tawkin, 2018; Erikson 1968). This emphasizes that young adults are either developing intimate relationships with other individuals or they are being isolated from society. Naturally when an individual is actively pursuing an intimate relationship with another individual and this fails, heartbreak is expected. One should never underestimate the effects that a heartbreak can cause to an individual. Heartbreak can result into emotional distress and even in grief responses (Izzati & Takwin, 2018; Kaczmarek et al., 1990 in Lepore & Greenber, 2002). There can be different levels of heartbreak, an extreme level can cause emotional distress from a heartbreak that can link a person to horrid scenes, such as psychopathology or even death (Izzati & Takwin, 2018; Field, 2011).
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between depression from heartbreak and the effects of cognitive development, more specifically, reaction time in individuals who range from 14-24 years of age. The participants were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory Scale (Streiner, 2002) and The Taylor Competitive Reaction Time Test (TCRTT). Results from this study could be beneficial to mental health professionals and individuals of these ages in understanding why they have a slower or faster reaction time than others.
Background of the Study
When an individual goes through a breakup from a relationship, this can cause many different negative experiences to happen. Whenever there is an increase of stress coming from an event, there is an increased risk for developing depression (Verhallen et al., 2019). Conducting research studies on stressful and emotional upsetting events can provide for great insight as to why there are individual differences when talking about stress-related coping and the link for stress and depression. Previous research has shown that the breakup from a romantic relationship can have such a strong emotional upsetting there can be multiple symptoms that are related to sadness, grief, and depression (Verhallen et al., 2019). There can even be a result of having an increased risk of developing a depressive episode (Verhallen et al., 2019). Women have reported for a higher dis ...
Emotion differentiation (ED) ) or emotional granularity refers to the precision with which people can identify and distinguish their emotions or labeling emotional experience with a high degree of specificity and has been associated with well-being (i.e. depressive symptoms, positivity and negativity intensity and propensity, implicit theories of emotions) in
Adults.
Adolescents
Teens
People high in this ability
provide themselves more information about how best to act in a given situation laden with intense negative emotion.
They show improved emotion regulation ability
Have more options to generate and execute better focused strategies to reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions.
Get an adaptive advantage.
Helps us achieve greater psychological and social well-being because we have focused responses to deal with life’s issues.
Our increased focus fosters easier emotion regulation.
This process enables us to pursue our strivings.
Running Head DATA ANALYSIS PROJECT1DATA ANALYSIS PROJECT2.docxcharisellington63520
Running Head: DATA ANALYSIS PROJECT 1
DATA ANALYSIS PROJECT 2
Data Analysis Project: Analysis of Social Behavior and Education
Name:
Institution:
Tutor:
Date:
Abstract
This research examined social life with respect to how society is optimistic; sources of stress to the population under study as well analysis of social behavior across various level of education completed by the respondents. Participants for this study (n = 439) were randomly selected respondents of the legal age. The respondents represented two major age groups, age group three that consists of 18-29, 30-34 and 45 plus while the other age group, five, were categorized into the cohorts; 18-24,25-32, 33-40,45-49 and 50 plus. This data was analyzed to determine the nature social behaviors and habits across all the age groups and their levels of education. Correlation and regression analyses were also utilized to determine whether or not there was an association between the total life optimism and self esteem. Findings showed that self esteem is a factor that explains all the social life habits. Results are discussed in light of previous research, including limitations of the study. Implications to put into practice and future recommendations to the findings of this research are presented.
Introduction
Social behavior has interesting and a vast forms and its study is never limited to some aspects yet a study could still concern a section of society and analyze among many, the common behavior and social life habit within a society. Social behavior could be determined in terms of sex, level of education or even age. According to South African Supplement to Social Psychology3e (2009), in a wider scope, social behavior stems of instincts. Social behavior is also attaché to personal traits. Some of these personal traits are prejudice and authoritarianism. In this respect the habits shown at a time and within a people of a specific group varies widely. The sources of communal stress and reasons for satisfaction in life also vary from group to group. Just as widely segregated as the social life is, the social behavior is also as distinct according to these social lines.
In the study and analysis of social life, there are however some common habits and social perspectives that cuts across the social lives. Habits such as cigarette smoking or taking alcohol are such habits that cut across social boundaries. There is often a reason towards a particular social behavior. In some instances class and education level contributes a lot while at other time peer pressure and influence contribute towards a particular social orientation. Moreover, stress satiations may lead to a population assuming some habits for example the smoking as a way to deal with stress or even using hard drugs.
Problem Statement
The phrase social behavior has been used in many contexts. Social behavior is defi8nable with respect to a particular society without which it would pose more problems than tend to.
THE GOOD SEED DROP-IN, Website - (goodseedcdc.org) MISSION.docxarnoldmeredith47041
THE GOOD SEED DROP-IN,
Website - (goodseedcdc.org)
MISSION
Good Seed’s Mission Is to help youth not only live but thrive. We provide supportive, nurturing, specialized care for homeless young people in California through supportive housing, job training, comprehensive services, and individual planning. Good Seed creates an environment where youth, ages 18-25, can thrive and grow to achieve their full potential. Our aim is to ensure that youth have the tools they need to realize their goals and dreams, so that they may live healthy and meaningful lives.
Populations Served
Homeless, Previously, Currently
Teen & Young adults
Single adults
Mental Health
PROVIDE
· Temporary safety and basic supports for Seriously Emotionally Disturbed (SED) and Severe and Persistently Mentally III (SPMI) TAY who are living on the streets or in unstable living situations.
· Safe environments in which TAY can make new friends and participate in social activities.
· Linkage to Mental Health
· Employment Assistance
· Computer/Internet Access
DVD & Games
· Linkage to Substance Abuse Treatment
· Information Educational Services
Social Activities
PROGRAMS FOR CLIENT’S
· Supportive Housing Program
· Enhanced Emergency TAY Shelter
· Gain/Grow Program
· MTA: Homeless Youth Outreach
Beyond Emotional Similarity: The Role of Situation-Specific Motives
Amit Goldenberg
Stanford University
David Garcia
Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and Medical
University of Vienna
Eran Halperin
Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya
Jamil Zaki, Danyang Kong, Golijeh Golarai,
and James J. Gross
Stanford University
It is well established that people often express emotions that are similar to those of other group members.
However, people do not always express emotions that are similar to other group members, and the factors
that determine when similarity occurs are not yet clear. In the current project, we examined whether
certain situations activate specific emotional motives that influence the tendency to show emotional
similarity. To test this possibility, we considered emotional responses to political situations that either
called for weak (Studies 1 and 3) or strong (Study 2 and 4) negative emotions. Findings revealed that the
motivation to feel weak emotions led people to be more influenced by weaker emotions than their own,
whereas the motivation to feel strong emotions led people to be more influenced by stronger emotions
than their own. Intriguingly, these motivations led people to change their emotions even after discovering
that others’ emotions were similar to their initial emotional response. These findings are observed both
in a lab task (Studies 1–3) and in real-life online interactions on Twitter (Study 4). Our findings enhance
our ability to understand and predict emotional influence processes in different contexts and may
therefore help explain how these processes unfold in group behavior.
Key.
5Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak).docxstandfordabbot
5
Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak) and Reaction Time
Jenna Lantrip
September 18th, 2022
Relationship Between Depression (from heartbreak) and Reaction Time
There are many reasons that can cause depression and a cognitive developmental delay, but this review is going to be looking at depression that comes from a relational breakup (heartbreak) and how this effects their reaction time. When an individual undergoes emotional distress that was caused by heartbreak it can lead the individual to negative effects such as, having an increased risk of physical illness and stress-related diseases (Izzati&Takwin, 2018). Young-adults, according to Erikon’s theory are going thought the developmental stage of intimacy versus isolation (Izzati&Tawkin, 2018; Erikson 1968). This proves that young adults are either developing intimate relationships with other individuals or they are being isolated from society. Naturally when an individual is actively pursuing an intimate relationship with another individual and this fails, heartbreak is expected. One should never underestimate the effects that a heartbreak can cause to an individual. Heartbreak can result into emotional distress and even in grief responses (Izzati&Takwin, 2018; Kaczmarek et al., 1990 in Lepore &Greenber, 2002). There can be different levels of heartbreak, an extreme level can cause emotional distress from a heartbreak that can lead a person to horrid scenes, such as psychopathology or even death (Izzati&Takwin, 2018; Field, 2011). Comment by user: Headings are very important. You would have started by illutrating this is an introduction of your work. Comment by user: I did not understand this point. Did you mean through or thought?
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between depression from heartbreak and the effects of cognitive development, more specifically, reaction time in individuals who range from 14-24 years of age. In addition, the participants gender was also investigated and taken into account when examining the relationship between depression from heartbreak and reaction time. The participants were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory Scale (Streiner, 2002), the Everyday Cognitive Instrument (Farias et al., 2008), and a sex assigned at birth questionnaire. Results from this study could be beneficial to mental health professionals and individuals of these ages in understanding why they have a slower or faster reaction time than others.
Background of the Study
When an individual does through a relationship breakup this can cause many different negative experiences to happen. Whenever there is an increase of stress coming from an event, there is an increased risk for developing depression (Verhallen et al., 2019). Conducting research studies on stressful and emotional upsetting events can provide for great insight asa to why there are individual differences when talking about stress-related coping and the .
Expression of Underlying Conflicts through Genitals A Comparative Analysis be...ijtsrd
This article explores the intriguing phenomenon of expressing underlying psychological conflicts through the genitals, comparing the manifestations between childhood and adulthood. Drawing insights from clinical studies and psychological research, the analysis reveals a fascinating interplay between the mind and the body. In childhood, emotions can manifest physically, often seen in instances such as bedwetting, which is linked to stress and insecurity. As individuals transition to adulthood, sexual dysfunctions like erectile dysfunction and vaginismus emerge as potential indicators of unresolved emotional conflicts. Despite the developmental differences, both stages demonstrate the bodys unique ability to communicate distress nonverbally. Recognizing these expressions holds clinical significance, offering early intervention opportunities for mental health professionals. Tailored therapeutic approaches, such as play therapy for children and cognitive behavioral therapy for adults, facilitate conflict resolution and potentially mitigate physical manifestations. Overall, understanding the connection between psychological turmoil and genital expression unveils a captivating dimension of human experience, highlighting the intricate relationship between our internal struggles and bodily reactions. Jisha P Mohammed | Thara Xavier | Babitha Mathew | Nithara George | Arun James "Expression of Underlying Conflicts through Genitals: A Comparative Analysis between Childhood and Adulthood" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59752.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/59752/expression-of-underlying-conflicts-through-genitals-a-comparative-analysis-between-childhood-and-adulthood/jisha-p-mohammed
Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Studentsijtsrd
The present study focuses on the Emotional Competence among the higher secondary students. The investigator used the random sampling technique for this study. The findings of this study are i Female Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Male students. ii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Religion, iii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Medium of Instruction, iv Government School Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Private and Aided School students, v There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Family type, vi There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Father’s Occupation, and vii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Mother’s Occupation. Dr. R. Muthaiyan "Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50239/emotional-competence-among-the-higher-secondary-students/dr-r-muthaiyan
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Objective: Spirituality has been shown to be associated with various aspects of health. It has also been discussed as an aid in coping with adversities.
Methods: The present investigation examined four dimensions of spirituality – belief in God, mindfulness, quest for meaning and feeling of security – as possible mediators between childhood adversities and adult adaptation. Two samples of n ≈ 500 were examined via internet in a retrospective survey.
Results: Two pathways from childhood to adult adaptation via spirituality were detected, one via mindfulness and one via feeling of security. Both pathways began at maternal love, the opposite of emotional neglect. Childhood abuse or physical neglect was not associated with the development of spirituality. Associations were not only linear in nature, but also displayed interactions.
Objective: Spirituality has been shown to be associated with various aspects of health. It has also been discussed as an aid in coping with adversities.
Methods: The present investigation examined four dimensions of spirituality – belief in God, mindfulness, quest for meaning and feeling of security – as possible mediators between childhood adversities and adult adaptation. Two samples of n ≈ 500 were examined via internet in a retrospective survey.
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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 ǁ August. 2013ǁ PP.16-18
www.ijhssi.org 16 | P a g e
“A Study on Emotional Maturity Among Arranged Marriage
Couples”
1,
Dr. Rita Rani Talukdar & 2,
Ms. Joysree Das.
1,
Assistant Prof. Dept of Psychology, Gauhati University
2,
Research Scholar, Dept. of Psychology, Gauhati University
ABSTRACT : Maturity is the ability to respond to the environment in an appropriate manner. This response
is generally learned rather than instinctive, and is not determined by one's age. Emotional maturity is
characterized by ability to become interested in things and persons; to do things for their own sake, to give love
to other persons. The main objectives of the study were to find out the emotional maturity among arranged
marriage male persons, to find out the emotional maturity among arranged marriage female persons and to
search the sex differences between arranged marriage couples with regards on their level of emotional maturity.
The total sample of the study was 60, 30 from arranged marriage male & 30 from arranged marriage female
from Agartala City of Tripura state. Emotional Maturity Scale constructed by Dr. Yashvir Shing was used. For
data analysis purpose mean, SD and t test were used. Result shows that Arranged marriage male persons are
found to have moderate emotional maturity. And Arranged marriage female persons are found to be extremely
emotionally matured.
I. INTRODUCTION:
Emotional Maturity is one of the vital components of personality which characterizes Multi-trait non-
cognitive psychological concept. According to Walter D.Smitson(1974), Emotional maturity is a process in
which the personality is continuously striving for greater sense of emotional health, both Intra-psychically and
Intra-personality. Emotional Maturity or stability might be considered as a potential factor in any field of life.
Guilford (1956) has prepared a matrix of temperamental factors of emotional maturity whereas Bernard (1965)
has mentioned few characteristics of emotionally matured persons. Bhargva and Sharma (1993) found that while
studying the sex differences in Emotional Maturity both. The group of adolescents (sports person) differed
significantly in emotion regression of independence. Female scored higher on emotional regression whereas
male showed themselves higher on social maladjustments and lack of independence.Actually, emotional
maturity is not only the effective determinant of personality pattern but it also helps to control the growth of
adolescent’s development. The concept ‘mature’ emotional behavior of any level is that which reflects that fruits
of normal emotional development.
II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To find out the emotional maturity among arranged marriage male persons.
2. To find out the emotional maturity among arranged marriage female persons.
3. To search the sex differences between arranged marriage couples with regards on their level of emotional
maturity.
Hypothesis of the study:
Their will be no sex differences between arranged marriage couples with regards on their level of
emotional maturity.
III. METHODOLOGY:
Variables under study:-
In the present study type of marriage (arranged marriage), sex was treated as independent variables,
where as emotional maturity was treated as dependent variable.
Sample:-
The effective sample of the study consists of 60 subjects classified as 30 male (arranged marriage) and
30 female (arranged marriage) was selected randomly using purposive sampling technique from Agartala City
of Tripura state. Their age ranges from 35years to 45years having more or less similar socio economic status and
educational background so as to maintain the homogeneity of sample.
2. A Study On Emotional Maturity Among…
www.ijhssi.org 17 | P a g e
Tool used for data collection:-The following scale was used for collecting data:
Emotional Maturity Scale: The scale is constructed by Dr. Yashvir Shing. It consistst of 48 statement. The
Scale measures five dimensions of emotional maturity. Namely; Emotional unstability, Emotional regression,
Social maladjustment, Personality disintegration, Lack of independence. In the scale positive and negative
statement is given. For positive statement score 5 is given for Very much, for much score 4 is given, for
undecided 3, for probably score 2 and for never score 1is to be awarded. For negative statement score 1 is given
for very much, 3 for undecided, 4 for probably and 5 for never to be awarded. The reliability of the scale was
determined by test-retest Method for each dimensions of the scale. It ranges from .42 to .75. The validity
coefficient of the scale was found to be .64.
Interview schedule:-A semi structured interview schedule was used to collect the demographic information and
other related personal data. In interview schedule some basic questions like respondent identification, family
history, health history, and family education history were asked.
Procedure of data collection:-
In the present study, the standardized tool was used for data collection. Initially, the selected subjects were
called in a small group of 4 to 6 subjects. Prior to actual administration of test, a rapport was established with
the subjects. Then the subjects were instructed according to the instructions led down by the author of the
test/scale. Ascertaining that, all the subjects cleared the instructions, the actual test was conducted with small
interval. Finally, the filled copies of test was collected and subjected for further procedure.
Statistical interpretation of the result:
In the present study an attempt had been made to search the emotional maturity level of the arranged marriage
couples. The emotional maturity scores are treated by descriptive statistics in the following table:
Table no 1: (Emotional maturity)
Group Statistics
Sex N Mean Std. Deviation
Emotional maturity 1 Male 30 83.30 24.67
2 Female 30 67.00 20.78
Observation of the table no 1. Indicates that the mean value of the two classified groups seems to differ from
each other on Emotional maturity measure. The mean value obtained by the group of arranged marriage male is
found to be 83.30 and corresponding SD is 24.67. The arranged marriage females have a mean of 67.00 with SD
20.78. The graphical representation of two classified groups on Emotional maturity measure has been shown in
the following table: table no A:
3. A Study On Emotional Maturity Among…
www.ijhssi.org 18 | P a g e
After inspection of the obtained values of the two classified groups it has been found that arranged
marriage males have greater mean value i.e. 83.30 from arranged marriage female. But the manual interpretation
of scores suggest that (50 to 80) means extremely emotionally mature and (81 to 88) means moderately
emotionally mature. So the mean result suggest that females have much more emotional maturity than male
persons. But on the basis of mean observation it would not be clear that whether these differences are really
significant or not. So to solve this problem the data was further treated by inferential statistics i.e. t test:
Independent Samples Test: table no 2:
Category t value df Level of significant
Arranged marriage 2.768 58 0.01%
Our computed Z value is 2.768. The critical value of z = 2.00 at 0.05 level of significance. And the critical value
of z = 2.66 at 0.01 level of significance. So the obtained result suggest that, our computed Z value is slightly
greater than the critical values required to reach 5% and 1% levels of significance respectively. So the null
hypothesis is rejected.
IV. DISCUSSION:
In the present investigation an attempt had been made to find out the differences between arranged
marriage male and arranged marriage female on emotional maturity measure.The first objective was to find out
the emotional maturity among arranged marriage male persons. The mean value obtained by the group of
arranged marriage male is found to be83.30. So the obtained result suggests that arranged marriage male have
moderate emotional maturity in their life. The second objective was to find out the emotional maturity among
arranged marriage female persons. The arranged marriage females have a mean of 67.00. The mean result
suggest that arranged marriage female have extreme emotional maturity in their life.The third objective was to
search the sex differences between arranged marriage couples with regards on their level of emotional maturity.
So in this connection in the emotional maturity data was treated by descriptive statistics it shows remarkable
differences were seen between two classified groups. To search the significance of differences when the same
data was treated by “t “ test, a significant difference was observed between arranged marriage males and
arranged marriage females. Hence the null hypothesis is rejected.
V. CONCLUSION:
1. Arranged marriage male persons are found to be moderately emotionally mature.
2. Arranged marriage female persons are found to be extremely emotionally mature .
3. The group of female arranged marriage persons found to be much more emotional mature as compared to
arranged marriage males.
Limitation of the study:The major limitation of this study was that the sample size was small. So it was not
sufficient for measuring the emotional maturity of the couples. If the sample size would be increased then the
result would be quite transparent.
REFERENCES:
[1] Dr. yashbir sing, Manual for emotional maturity, page 4 – 15.
[2] Franz Alexander Pastoral Psychology March 1950, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp 49-54
[3] Phillip klever(2009) Good directed & effectiveness, emotional maturity & nuclear family functioning. Journal of marriage |&
family therapy, volume 35, page 308-324.
[4] Seyed esmael mosavi: mohammad reza iravani,(2012) a study of relationship between emotional maturity & marital
satisfaction.vol. 2, 927-932.
[5] S.k. mangal(2005) statistics in psychology and education,second edition,page392-395.
[6] Somayeh mahintorabi, mohammad ali mazaberi, Ali sahebi & valiollah musavi (2011), the effect of cognitive behavioural
training on modification Of irration expectation, emotional maturity & marital disfaction in woman. Journal of behavioural
science, vol. 5, 9-10.
[7] http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01786113#
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maturity_(psychological)&oldid=568396933"
