This powerpoint gives a brief introduction to Cystic Fibrosis. I created it for research, educational, and promotional purposes. I hope that someone who watches it can learn something about cf that they didn't know before.
NOTE: You'll find it easier to maneuver through the powerpoint if you flip each slide individually, otherwise the slides are too fast. Use the two buttons closest to the center triangle to do so.
Hello Everyone
Our presentation discuss about the disease, treatment, diagnosis and medications and how this disease is caused by, pattern of inheritance, Similar images will tell about what mainly the disease is.
This powerpoint gives a brief introduction to Cystic Fibrosis. I created it for research, educational, and promotional purposes. I hope that someone who watches it can learn something about cf that they didn't know before.
NOTE: You'll find it easier to maneuver through the powerpoint if you flip each slide individually, otherwise the slides are too fast. Use the two buttons closest to the center triangle to do so.
Hello Everyone
Our presentation discuss about the disease, treatment, diagnosis and medications and how this disease is caused by, pattern of inheritance, Similar images will tell about what mainly the disease is.
Marcella Marletta - HTA per il Servizio Sanitario NazionaleMarcella Marletta
Documento di presentazione dell'intervento tenuto dalla dottoressa Marcella Marletta sul tema "HTA per il Servizio Sanitario Nazionale" nel corso della IX Conferenza Nazionale sui Dispositivi Medici.
Cystic FibrosisCreated By Tammy Wagner, Karen Byfield, Sherry.docxalanrgibson41217
Cystic Fibrosis
Created By: Tammy Wagner, Karen Byfield, Sherry Santineau, Jack Lavoie, Shawna Maggard
Objectives:
To define Cystic Fibrosis
To explain and discuss history and causes of Cystic Fibrosis
To describe impact of Cystic Fibrosis in healthcare and nursing.
Identify and recognize that living with a chronic disease like cystic fibrosis is possible through maintaining a balanced lifestyle.
Identify expected outcomes in patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Collect and explain health screenings, health interventions, health promotion and education in patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Identify national and community resources for patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Describe effects of CF on prenatal care and child bearing
Identify occupational consideration and job hazards related to CF
Identify and describe susceptibility to substance abuse and ability to cope with stress
Description:
Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease of the secretory glands that affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs.
Definition:
Cystic Fibrosis is characterized by an abnormally thick and sticky production of mucus in the body.
Mucus is normal in the body, it lubricates and protects passages such as the respiratory airways and digestive tract (Genetics Home Reference. 2017). Cystic Fibrosis is a mutation in the the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene that causes the over production of thick, sticky mucus that can block these passages and create breeding grounds for infection (National Human Genome Research Institute 2013). This infection can lead to scaring, permanent lung damage and even death. This mucus in the digestive tract can prevent the absorption of nutrients leading to weight loss, malnutrition, failure to thrive, as well as numerous long term problems caused from poor nutrition even though the person may be eating a solid health diet (Genetics Home Reference. 2017). The affects this mucus has on the pancreas can alter insulin production leading to diabetes. Reproductive health is also affected from the mucus produced from cystic fibrosis often leading to infertility (Genetics Home Reference. 2017).
3
History
1938- American Pathologist Dr. Dorothy Andersen named the disease cystic fibrosis of the pancreas
Early 1900’s- Physicians name the disease mucoviscidosis
1595- Texts reference the link between children with salty skin and early death rates
1948- Dr. Paul di Sant’Agnese noted the correlation of increased salt in sweat of CF patients
1989- The gene (CFTR) was identified and its genetic code was sequenced
1938, American Pathologist Dr. Dorothy Andersen described a disorder in medical literature based on autopsy findings of children that died from malnutrition; She named the disease cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (Nick 2012). The disease has also been called mucoviscidosis by other physician during the same time period because of the thick mucus present (Nick 2012). Children in the middle ages we.
Cystic Fibrosis - A Genetic Disorder.pptxTahaHaider10
A comprehensive presentation about Cystic Fibrosis - a genetic and metabolic disorder. Made by Taha Haider, Roll No.# L1F22BSBC0004 (BS Biochemistry University of Central Punjab, Lahore)
Respond to your colleagues and respectfully agree or disagree with.docxcwilliam4
Respond
to your colleagues and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not
At least 2 references in each peer responses!
Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease that affects chromosome 7 on the DNA helix. The parents of the child with cystic fibrosis are both carriers of the disorder and likely have no symptoms and have no idea they are carriers. The disease is caused by a mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). The CFTR regulates the flow of salt and fluids in and out of the cell. The CFTR protein provides instructions for the channel than transports negatively charged particles called chloride ions in and out of the cell and across the tissues. The lack of this channel causes the build-up of thick and sticky mucus because chloride helps with the movement of water across the tissues that assist with thinning the mucus. (CF Genetics: The Basics, 2020)
The organs that are affected most frequently are the lungs, digestive organs, pancreas, and reproductive organs. The thick mucus causes frequent lung infections and the cyst in the lungs. The thick mucus blocks the ducts of the pancreas and prevents the transport of digestive enzymes leading to malnutrition. The production of insulin is also affected by the thick mucus and cystic fibrosis patients can develop diabetes-related to this. Males with cystic fibrosis are infertile due to mucus plugging the vas deferens. Female with cystic fibrosis frequently have difficulty during pregnancy (Cystic Fibrosis, 2020).
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease and both parents must be carries to produce a child who has cystic fibrosis. The chances of two carriers having a child with cystic fibrosis are 25% and the chances that the child will have a 50% chance they are a carrier of the mutation and a 25% chance that the child will not be a carrier or have the disease. The person with cystic fibrosis has a child with a cystic fibrosis carrier then they have a 50% chance the child will have cystic fibrosis and a 50% chance they will be a carrier (Cystic Fibrosis, n.d.).
Cystic fibrosis is common in the Caucasian population with a frequency rate of 1 in 2500-3500 births. African American have a frequency rate of 1-17000 and Asian population have a frequency rate of 1-3100 births (CF Genetics: The Basics, 2020)
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A short presentation in Genetics about Cystic Fibrosis. This presentation includes the CF pathogenesis, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, the life expectancy of a patient, and its management.
The designer | Creativity vs Brand | Creatives Group | 30 Jan 2018CharityComms
Chloe Ainsley, senior graphic designer, Cystic Fibrosis Trust
Visit the CharityComms website to view slides from past events, see what events we have coming up and to check out what else we do: www.charitycomms.org.uk
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that changes
the body construction and makes it
mucus and sweat. It mainly affects:
• Lungs
• Digestive system
and other body parts.
Cystic fibrosis is genetic and caused by a
flawed gene.
Source: http://discovermagazine.com/~/media/Images/Issues/2013/September/a-look-inside-cystic-fibrosis.jpg
3. How do you get Cystic Fibrosis?
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disorder. This means
that:
Both parents should have the recessive gene
for a child to get the disease.
If a child inherits only one copy of the
recessive gene, he or she will be a carrier.
*Carriers does not actually have the disease . But they can pass it to
their children.
Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Autorecessive.svg/1350px-Autorecessive.svg.png
4. Symptoms: Cystic Fibrosis
Respiratory (such as breathlessness)
i. Breathlessness.
ii. A cough that causes mucus
iii. Wheezing
iv. Repeated Lung infections
v. Inflamed nasal passages or a stuffy nose
Source: http://www.hindustanlink.com/health-care-blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Best-Remedies-For-Lung-Infection.jpg
5. Symptoms: Cystic Fibrosis
Digestive symptoms
1. Foul-smelling, greasy stools
2. Poor weight gain and growth
3. Intestinal blockage, particularly in
newborns
4. Severe constipation
Source: http://blogs.longwood.edu/pmorris/files/2012/10/Cystic-Fibrosis-World.jpeg
6. Treatment: Cystic Fibrosis
The goals of treatment include:
Preventing and controlling lung infections
Loosening and removing mucus from the lungs
Preventing and treating intestinal blockage
Providing adequate nutrition
Source: http://www.sigmalive.com/en/uploads/images/news/cystic-fibrosis.jpg
7. Medications: Cystic Fibrosis
The options of medications include:
I. Antibiotics to treat and prevent lung infections
II. Mucus-thinning drugs to help patient to cough up
the mucus, which improves lung function
III. Bronchodilators to help keep patient’s airways open
by relaxing the muscles around your bronchial
tubes
IV. Oral pancreatic enzymes to help patient’s digestive
tract absorb nutrients
Source: http://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/media/329290/CF%20Medication%20(468x257).jpg
8. Therapies used: Cystic Fibrosis
a. Chest physical therapy
b. Pulmonary rehabilitation
c. Surgical and other procedures
i. Nasal polyp removal.
ii. Oxygen therapy.
iii. Endoscopy and lavage.
iv. Feeding tube.
v. Bowel surgery.
vi. Lung transplant.Source: http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/gene_therapy.jpg