Culture can be defined as the language, beliefs, values, norms, and material objects passed from one generation to the next. It includes both material culture like art and clothing, as well as nonmaterial culture like beliefs, values, and behaviors. Culture provides a lens through which people perceive and evaluate the world. Key components of symbolic culture discussed in the text include gestures, language, values, norms, and sanctions. Norms vary in their importance from folkways to mores to taboos.
Culture defined in one slide, how does it created and how does it change overtime. As we know, culture is part of our daily life, there is no society without culture. It is intergrated. Thus in this slide will provide a basic understanding about culture. Anthropology and Sociology Department of University Malaya.
Culture defined in one slide, how does it created and how does it change overtime. As we know, culture is part of our daily life, there is no society without culture. It is intergrated. Thus in this slide will provide a basic understanding about culture. Anthropology and Sociology Department of University Malaya.
Culture
Types of Culture
Xenocentrism
Ethnocentrism
Culture shock
Cultural universals
Ideal and Real Culture
Elements of Culture
Kinds of Norms
folkways
mores
Taboos
Laws
Business Environment - SBAA3002 - UNIT 2 Final-1.pptxHarish940427
Business environment B.Com is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in Commerce. The duration of the B.Com course is 3 years in India, divided into six distinct semesters. The B.Com courses list includes Marketing, accounting, entrepreneurship, various taxation and industrial laws etc.
Bachelor of Commerce is one of the more sought-after courses in the field of Commerce, as it teaches topics that are very relevant to financial organizations, banks, and businesses. Below are a few points that give us in-depth insight into why to choose BCom courses:
The course offers a wide range of subjects that cover various aspects of accounting, economics, finance, and business management.
With the growth of globalization and the rise of MNC companies in India, there has been an increasing demand for finance and commerce professionals who can manage the financial aspects of these businesses.
Moreover, the government's policies like the Make in India initiative, Digital India, and GST implementation have opened up various job opportunities for commerce graduates.
As per the AISHE report, the growth of BCom courses has been increasing at a steady pace over the years. The growth rate of B.Com courses between 2015-16 to 2019-23 has been around 9.75.
Culture
Types of Culture
Xenocentrism
Ethnocentrism
Culture shock
Cultural universals
Ideal and Real Culture
Elements of Culture
Kinds of Norms
folkways
mores
Taboos
Laws
Business Environment - SBAA3002 - UNIT 2 Final-1.pptxHarish940427
Business environment B.Com is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in Commerce. The duration of the B.Com course is 3 years in India, divided into six distinct semesters. The B.Com courses list includes Marketing, accounting, entrepreneurship, various taxation and industrial laws etc.
Bachelor of Commerce is one of the more sought-after courses in the field of Commerce, as it teaches topics that are very relevant to financial organizations, banks, and businesses. Below are a few points that give us in-depth insight into why to choose BCom courses:
The course offers a wide range of subjects that cover various aspects of accounting, economics, finance, and business management.
With the growth of globalization and the rise of MNC companies in India, there has been an increasing demand for finance and commerce professionals who can manage the financial aspects of these businesses.
Moreover, the government's policies like the Make in India initiative, Digital India, and GST implementation have opened up various job opportunities for commerce graduates.
As per the AISHE report, the growth of BCom courses has been increasing at a steady pace over the years. The growth rate of B.Com courses between 2015-16 to 2019-23 has been around 9.75.
1. Chapter 2: Culture (part 1)
Text in blue designates an important concept or idea, that will
most likely reappear on some form of assessment…I would
definitely write it down (important text is now in blue because Andrew was offended by the red
text in the last presentation…)
3. What is Culture?
– Culture is defined as the language, beliefs,
values, norms, behaviors, and even material
objects passed from one generation to the
next.
5. What is Culture?
• Material culture (things and stuff)—
things such as jewelry, art, buildings,
weapons, machines, clothing, hairstyles,
etc.
6. What is Culture?
• Nonmaterial culture—a group’s ways of
thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and
common patterns of behavior (language,
gestures, and other forms of interaction).
7. What is Culture?
• We assume that our own culture is
normal or natural; in fact, it is not
natural, but rather is learned.
• It provides the lens through which we
perceive and evaluate things.
• It also helps to provide our perspective of
right and wrong
8. What is Culture?
• Culture Shock- is coming into contact with a
radically different culture that challenges
our basic assumptions.
10. What is Culture?
• Ethnocentrism- using our own culture (and
assuming it to be good, right, and superior) to
judge other cultures
• Can be functional when it creates solidarity
within a group but can be dysfunctional when
it leads to discrimination
12. What is Culture?
– Cultural relativism -consists of trying to appreciate
other groups’ ways of life in the context in which
they exist, without judging them as superior or
inferior to our own.
• presents a challenge to ordinary thinking.
• At the same time, this view helps us appreciate other
ways of life.
13. Components of Symbolic Culture
– Sociologists sometimes refer to nonmaterial
culture as symbolic culture.
• A central component of culture is the symbol—
something to which people attach meaning and use in
communications.
• Symbols include gestures, language, values, norms,
sanctions, folkways, and mores.
14. Components of Symbolic Culture:
Gestures
– Gestures, or using one’s body to communicate
with others, are shorthand means of
communication.
• People in every culture use gestures, although the
gestures and the meanings differ
• confusion or offense can result because of
misunderstandings over the meaning of a
• There is disagreement over whether there are any
universal gestures. They tend to vary considerably
around the world.
16. Components of Symbolic Culture:
Language
Language- consists of a system of symbols that can be
put together in an infinite number of ways in order to
communicate abstract thought.
–Each word is a symbol to which a culture attaches a
particular meaning. It is important because it is the
primary means of communication between people.
17.
Components of Symbolic Culture:
Language
• It allows human experiences to be
cumulative
• It allows for a social or shared past. We
are able to discuss past events with
others.
• It allows for a social or shared future.
Language allows us to plan future
activities with one another.
18. Values Norms and Sanctions
– Culture includes values, norms, and
sanctions.
19. Values Norms and Sanctions
• Values are the standards by which people define
good and bad, beautiful and ugly.
• Every group develops both values and expectations
regarding the right way to reflect them.
20. Values Norms and Sanctions
• Norms are the expectations, or rules of
behavior, that develop out of a group’s
values.
21. Values Norms and Sanctions
• Sanctions are the positive or negative
reactions to the way in which people
follow norms.
• Positive sanctions (a money reward, a
prize, a smile, or even a handshake) are
expressions of approval
• negative sanctions (a fine, a frown, or
harsh words) denote disapproval for
breaking a norm.
22. Values Norms and Sanctions
Moral holidays—specified times when people are
allowed to break the norms and not worry about being
sanctioned.
•Mardi Gras is an example of a moral holiday in our
society.
•Some societies have moral holiday places, locations
where norms are expected to be broken.
•An example would be red light districts where
prostitutes are allowed to work the street.
24. Norms vary in terms of their
importance to a culture.
– Folkways are norms that are not strictly enforced,
such as passing on the left side of the sidewalk.
They may result in a person getting a dirty look
25. Norms vary in terms of their
importance to a culture.
Mores are norms that are believed to be
essential to core values and we insist on
conformity.
•A person who steals, rapes, and kills has
violated some of society’s most important
mores.
26. Norms vary in terms of their
importance to a culture.
– Norms that one group considers to be folkways
another group may view as mores.
– A male walking down the street with the upper
half of his body uncovered may be violating a
folkway
– a female doing the same thing may be violating
mores.
27. Norms vary in terms of their
importance to a culture.
• Taboos are norms so strongly ingrained that even the thought
of them is greeted with revulsion.
• Eating human flesh and having sex with one’s parents are
examples of such behavior.