Cuban Diaspora
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Many Cubans have fled Cuba by homemade watercraft since 1959 due to government restrictions and poor living conditions. They sail towards Florida and other Caribbean islands to escape. Push factors for leaving include lack of resources, oppression of opposing views, and desire for more freedom and opportunity. Pull factors for going to America include its liberal policies towards Cuban immigrants and existing Cuban communities. This mass emigration has had social, economic, and environmental impacts on both Cuba and receiving countries. Recommendations include reforming policies on both sides to address the root causes of emigration.
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The History Between Cuba & America...
Cuban plantation owners couldn’t make enough money off sugar with their
slaves; Americans began buying their farmland and implementing their
machines to make profits
From February of 1898 to February of 1899, the Cuban revolt took place
against Spain.
The U.S., known for helping countries gain independence, declared war on
Spain when a U.S. warship explodes in Havana Harbor and invaded Cuba under
Teddy Roosevelt’s command.
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1933: Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar takes over Cuba’s military in a revolt, then
removes current government. Ramon Grau San Martin becomes new president,
with Batista running things behind the scenes.
1934: New president is put in power after protests, and Treaty of Reciprocity
is signed
1940: Batista is elected president, only to be defeated by Ramon Grau in 1944
election
Cuba declares war on axis powers after US enters WWII
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1952: Batista returns from US, initiates a coup d’etat. Suspends constitution,
gets rid of political parties, replaces congress.
1956: Castro returns from exile, tries three times to get rid of Batista,
increasing support each time. Succeeds third time after rigged elections in
1958. Batista leaves on New Year’s Day, 1959. Hundreds of Federal
employees under Batista are put on public, televised trials, and executed.
Castro visits VP Nixon, says he wants to side with U.S. in Cold War
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Cuba tries to end dependence on sugar crop. U.S citizen-owned agriculture,
industry, and banks nationalized.
Cuba increases revolutionary activity in Caribbean and Latin America
Castro refuses to meet U.S. ambassador; arrests some U.S. citizens. Cuba
re-instates relations with the Soviet Union in february of 1960. U.S doesn’t
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July 1960: U.S. cancels quotas for Cuba’s sugar. Castro nationalizes oil
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1977: Jimmy Carter re-establishes relations with Cuba, open-door policy to
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1980: Mariel Boatlift
1981: Reagan is elected, tightens embargo and reinstates travel restrictions.
197 assassination attempts during Reagan’s administration.
1996: Bill Clinton eases up a bit, but two planes with Cuban Americans shot
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After the 1959 Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro overthrew the Batista regime, Castro declared Cuba a socialist state and instituted socialist economic policies like nationalizing industries. Cuba became increasingly dependent on the Soviet Union for economic support and aligned politically with other communist states, establishing a one-party socialist system. This prompted the U.S. to cut ties and impose a trade embargo, solidifying Cuba's transition to a socialist state.
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