The document outlines the historical relationship between Cuba and the U.S., starting from Cuba's struggle for independence and U.S. intervention in the Spanish-American War, to the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro that severed ties with America. It details the fluctuating political landscape, including U.S. embargoes, the Bay of Pigs invasion, and attempts at restoring diplomatic relations, particularly under President Obama. It also discusses cultural differences, public sentiment, and implications of recent events, including Castro's death.

1. U.S. - Cuban Relations
The History Between Cuba & America...
Cuban plantation owners couldn’t make enough money off sugar
with their
slaves; Americans began buying their farmland and
implementing their
machines to make profits
From February of 1898 to February of 1899, the Cuban revolt
took place
against Spain.
The U.S., known for helping countries gain independence,
declared war on
Spain when a U.S. warship explodes in Havana Harbor and
invaded Cuba under
Teddy Roosevelt’s command.
Americans start to see Cuba as an “exotic” getaway
The History Between Cuba & America...

2. The History Between Cuba & America...
1933: Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar takes over Cuba’s military in
a revolt, then
removes current government. Ramon Grau San Martin becomes
new president,
with Batista running things behind the scenes.
1934: New president is put in power after protests, and Treaty
of Reciprocity
is signed
1940: Batista is elected president, only to be defeated by Ramon
Grau in 1944
election
Cuba declares war on axis powers after US enters WWII
The History Between Cuba & America...
1952: Batista returns from US, initiates a coup d’etat. Suspends
constitution,
gets rid of political parties, replaces congress.
1956: Castro returns from exile, tries three times to get rid of
Batista,
increasing support each time. Succeeds third time after rigged
elections in
1958. Batista leaves on New Year’s Day, 1959. Hundreds of
Federal
employees under Batista are put on public, televised trials, and
executed.
Castro visits VP Nixon, says he wants to side with U.S. in Cold
War

3. The History Between Cuba & America...
Cuba tries to end dependence on sugar crop. U.S citizen-owned
agriculture,
industry, and banks nationalized.
Cuba increases revolutionary activity in Caribbean and Latin
America
Castro refuses to meet U.S. ambassador; arrests some U.S.
citizens. Cuba
re-instates relations with the Soviet Union in february of 1960.
U.S doesn’t
like this.
July 1960: U.S. cancels quotas for Cuba’s sugar. Castro
nationalizes oil
industry.
The History Between Cuba & America...
● April 12, 1961: “Bay of Pigs Fails”
Missile site under construction Cuban Missile Crisis
The History Between Cuba & America...
● 1966, Cuban Adjustment Act
● Helms-Burton Act Passed in U.S. on March 12, 1996

4. The History Between Cuba & America...
1960: Embargo placed on all exports to Cuba, the next year and
embargo
placed on nearly all Cuban imports.
1977: Jimmy Carter re-establishes relations with Cuba, open-
door policy to
Cuban immigrants
1980: Mariel Boatlift
1981: Reagan is elected, tightens embargo and reinstates travel
restrictions.
197 assassination attempts during Reagan’s administration.
1996: Bill Clinton eases up a bit, but two planes with Cuban
Americans shot
down in Cuban airspace
George W. Bush tightens embargo back up, expands travel
restrictions
Important Events to Restore The Relations
2015201220092008
Cuba's National
Assembly elects
Raúl Castro
president

5. Lifts all
restrictions on
family travel and
remittances to
Cuba
Cuban president
decided to ease all
the other rules and
regulations
Cuba was removed
from U.S. terrorism
list
Reopen embassies
in each other’s
capitals
Important Events to Restore The Relations
2016
Restoring
commercial
flight between
the US and

6. Cuba.
Obama visits
Cuba
Airlines began
commercial
flights to Cuba
from JFK
Airport on
Monday 11/28
Obama signs a
directive
easing trade
restrictions on
Cuban rum
and cigars
President Obama’s visit to Cuba
JetBlue's first commercial flight to Havana
Present Cultural Differences: Hofstede Dimensions
United States

7. ● Individualist
● Masculine
● Long-term oriented
● High/Low power distance (middle)
● Weak Uncertainty avoidance
Cuba
● Collectivist
● Feminine
● Short-term oriented
● High power distance
● Strong Uncertainty avoidance
Implications of Recent Events
● Acculturation
○ Allowance of travelling; embargo removal
● Conflict Resolution (present and moving forward)
○ Skills for negotiating past/current deals and maintaining good
relations
■ Cultural Empathy
■ Mindful Reframing
■ Adaptive code-switching
Interviews with Ordinary Citizens
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_0mVOinaVM
(interview with Cuban-Americans and Cuban citizens on recent
restoration of

8. diplomatic ties)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JW9a3G4jB8Q
(interview with cuban citizens in cuba on issues with U.S.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_0mVOinaVM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_0mVOinaVM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JW9a3G4jB8Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JW9a3G4jB8Q
Fidel Castro’s Death
Cuban-Americans Celebrate Fidel Castro's Death
�[2:30 - 3:25]
● Day 5 out of 9 mourning Castro Death
● Cuban-Americans celebrate in the United States
● Miami Herald’s cover reads: DEAD
● Ladies in White
● Obama’s condolences vs. Trump’s harsh response
http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc-news/watch/cuban-americans-
celebrate-fidel-castro-s-death-818014787691
http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc-news/watch/cuban-americans-
celebrate-fidel-castro-s-death-818014787691
What Now?
● “Historical milestone”
● Obama’s hopefully “irreversible” progress
● Trump’s plan to “reverse” Obama’s progress
● Raul Castro

9. ○ Resign 2018
● Trade embargo
● DACA
Sources
Yuhas, Alan. "US-Cuba Relations: Timeline of a Tangled
History." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 20 Mar.
2016. Web. 27
Nov. 2016.
"The U.S. And Cuba: A Brief History Of A Complicated
Relationship." NPR. NPR, 17 Dec. 2014. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.
http://www.cfr.org/cuba/timeline-us-cuba-relations/p32817
http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113
http://qz.com/314271/a-timeline-of-us-cuban-relations-since-
the-cuban-revolution/
http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20130116-cuba-lifts-travel-
restrictions
http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/02/24/cuba.nextpre
sident/
http://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2015/10/07/cuban-culture-according-
to-hofstede/
https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html

10. Randolph, James D. “The Revoltion and Its Aftermath.” Inside
Cuba: The History, Culture, and Politics of an Outlaw Nation.
33-56.
Print.
Pérez, Louis A., Jr. “Image and Identity.” Inside Cuba: The
History, Culture, and Politics of an Outlaw Nation. 115-145.
Print.
http://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2015/10/07/cuban-culture-according-
to-hofstede/
http://sites.psu.edu/aspsy/2015/10/07/cuban-culture-according-
to-hofstede/
https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html
https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html
Introduction
Our group decided to discuss the long-lived negative feelings
between Cuba and the U.S.
Beginning when Cuba demanded independence from Spain,
America was quick to help the tiny
island gain its freedom. It was not until a U.S. warship exploded
in Havana Harbor that a war
broke out between the U.S. and Spain, thus causing a U.S.
invasion into Cuba. When Cuba
formally acquired its independence in 1902, the U.S. gained
economic and political dominance
over all Cuban affairs. We discussed how the two countries

11. went from allies with great trading
connections and economic stability, to the change that arose
when Castro overthrew the previous
president, Fulgencio Batista. With the rule of Castro in place,
ties America originally had with
the island were cut off and they also became backed by the
USSR. Eventually, Castro declared
himself a Leninist-Marxist and allowed the Soviet Union to
build a base on Cuban territory due
to a previous attack with missiles aimed straight for the states
to prevent any future attacks from
America. The main objectives of our presentation will be to lay
out the historical background and
timeline of events which led to both countries cutting all ties
with each other, recent events that
have happened regarding the relations between the two nations
and if anything is changing, a
look into some statistics concerning public opinion on the issue
from both sides, presenting
relevant videos to dispel a lot of rhetoric surrounding the
subject, and also a discussion about
Fidel’s recent death and the possible implications it could have
for both nations.