Lessons 19-22 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Css class 10 socio-economic context 120309TTI-UTCM
Lesson 10 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lesson 1 for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Css class 10 socio-economic context 120309TTI-UTCM
Lesson 10 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lesson 1 for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Css class 3 definition and benefits 120309TTI-UTCM
Lesson 3 for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Download the Official Version of this Document from the UTTIPEC Website at the Link below: http://uttipec.nic.in/StreetGuidelines-R1-Feb2011-UTTPEC-DDA.pdf
This presentation highlights the importance of Roadspace Allocation within transport planning and illustrates how to develop a successful Roadspace Allocation Framework. Further to this the presentation gives an insight to understanding and meeting user requirements. It then progresses to utilise various case studies in Birmingham to further demonstrate how these frameworks can be put into practice.
Functional Classification of Streets: So important that no one wants to talk ...Andy Boenau
This presentation was given as an online seminar sponsored by American Planning Association's New Urbanism Division. The audio is available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/J9HjJ78Ma7w
As practitioners of new urbanism principles, it is important to understand why our street networks have eroded so dramatically and the direct connection to livability and sustainability that we strive to achieve. The purpose of the webcast will educate participants to strengthen their transportation planning knowledge base. That knowledge will increase productivity of the collaboration between engineers and planners.
Functional classification is a transportation topic that is often left for engineers to sort out, but it has a huge impact on urban planning. Anyone involved in urban planning – including community stakeholders – should be part of the dialogue surrounding the function of public streets. Functional classification is a way that transportation professionals group streets according to the type of traffic they serve and the degree of access expected to adjacent land uses.
Few transportation issues are as important as functional classification, and yet it is one of the least understood or debated. Despite the Federal Highway Administration’s advocacy of flexible design standards, typical practice in the United States has been very rigid, leading to unintended negative consequences. For new urbanism, that means streets that require almost highway speeds and lane widths—physical impacts that are contrary to the overall purpose of new urban planning. For example, in some areas an Urban Principal Arterial might require a minimum 45 MPH design speed and minimum 12-foot wide lanes, even if the surrounding land uses need more appropriate (i.e. livable, sustainable) solutions.
The session includes two primary takeaways: (1) history of streets (vitality, walkability, etc.); and (2) how we can learn from our history to improve streets (including mobility and safety for all users). Designing places scaled appropriately for active human living is critical, especially in urbanized areas (city centers, suburbs, villages, etc.).
Transportation: Inspiring a Sustainability Action AgendaBarry Wellar
The slides in this presentation are for of a keynote address at the 2011 Sustainable Community Summit, Ottawa, Canada. My assignment is “To promote and guide discussion into the barriers and solutions associated with achieving the transportation element of a sustainable community.” As context for the discussion of barriers and solutions to achieving sustainable transport, I begin by explaining why I use “Inspire” in the title. I then list a dozen of my reports in which I examined various issues associated with sustainable transport, and another set of reports in which I previously discussed barriers and solutions to achieving sustainable transport in the City of Ottawa. The final context remark is to remind/inform attendees, and viewers of this presentation, of the ten reports from the project, Methodologies for Identifying and Ranking Sustainable Transport Practices in Urban Regions, which was undertaken for Transport Canada in 2008-2009. Emphasis then turns to two conditions which must be met in order to achieve the transportation component of a sustainable community. First, simultaneously reduce the number of trips made by private motor vehicles, and increase the number of trips made by walking, cycling, and transit. And second, actions are explicitly designed and methodologically implemented to increase transportation system flexibility. The presentation is concluded by a number of slides illustrating how the sustainability of a transportation system is determined by the combinations of transportation system outputs that are demanded by citizens, businesses, and government agencies, and the modes of transportation used by citizens, businesses, and governments to achieve those outputs. In the open forum to follow the presentation, Summit attendees will be asked for words of wisdom, guidance, and motivation to INSPIRE a sustainable transportation transformation across Ottawa, Ontario, and beyond.
Transportation Planning 101: The Role of Resource and Regulatory Agencies in ...Kristen Carney
Recently, FHWA put on a webinar entitled "Transportation Planning 101: The Role of Resource and Regulatory Agencies in Transportation Planning." The purpose of the webinar was to describe how statewide and metropolitan transportation planning works. The presentation was a good basic overview of transportation planning from the perspective of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
Urban transportation systems redesigning main streetJulianne Crawford
Serving both Houston’s Medical District and Rice University, the section of Main Street between Cambridge Street and University Boulevard has a high demand for drivers; however, the street is not equipped to handle such a high capacity, and is constantly afflicted by traffic and delay during rush hour times. There are three major concerns that we will seek to address: (1) Traffic backed into the intersections during rush hour necessitates the stationing of traffic guards to override the traffic signals and moderate traffic flow; (2) The frequency with which cars exit from the 6 parking garages exacerbates the already heavy congestion as they attempt to merge into oncoming traffic; and (3) Un-synced and, what we felt were, unnecessary lights prevent traffic from moving through this area smoothly and efficiently.
Our primary goals and considerations when re-designing Main Street were as follows: (1) Redesign and/or re-work the existing system of intersections and parking garage exits to maintain a smooth flow of traffic using only traffic signals and no outside moderation, even during rush hour times when traffic flow is particularly high; (2) Prioritize and ensure that cars, pedestrians crossing the street, and buses moving through this area can all travel to their final destinations with minimum delay; and (3) Remain mindful of the limited space within which redesigning Main Street must occur, and the fact that this section of Main Street does face peak times of need during which more stress will be placed on the system. In the remainder of this report, we will address how we came to our proposed re-design alternatives to meet each of these goals.
Css class 3 definition and benefits 120309TTI-UTCM
Lesson 3 for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Download the Official Version of this Document from the UTTIPEC Website at the Link below: http://uttipec.nic.in/StreetGuidelines-R1-Feb2011-UTTPEC-DDA.pdf
This presentation highlights the importance of Roadspace Allocation within transport planning and illustrates how to develop a successful Roadspace Allocation Framework. Further to this the presentation gives an insight to understanding and meeting user requirements. It then progresses to utilise various case studies in Birmingham to further demonstrate how these frameworks can be put into practice.
Functional Classification of Streets: So important that no one wants to talk ...Andy Boenau
This presentation was given as an online seminar sponsored by American Planning Association's New Urbanism Division. The audio is available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/J9HjJ78Ma7w
As practitioners of new urbanism principles, it is important to understand why our street networks have eroded so dramatically and the direct connection to livability and sustainability that we strive to achieve. The purpose of the webcast will educate participants to strengthen their transportation planning knowledge base. That knowledge will increase productivity of the collaboration between engineers and planners.
Functional classification is a transportation topic that is often left for engineers to sort out, but it has a huge impact on urban planning. Anyone involved in urban planning – including community stakeholders – should be part of the dialogue surrounding the function of public streets. Functional classification is a way that transportation professionals group streets according to the type of traffic they serve and the degree of access expected to adjacent land uses.
Few transportation issues are as important as functional classification, and yet it is one of the least understood or debated. Despite the Federal Highway Administration’s advocacy of flexible design standards, typical practice in the United States has been very rigid, leading to unintended negative consequences. For new urbanism, that means streets that require almost highway speeds and lane widths—physical impacts that are contrary to the overall purpose of new urban planning. For example, in some areas an Urban Principal Arterial might require a minimum 45 MPH design speed and minimum 12-foot wide lanes, even if the surrounding land uses need more appropriate (i.e. livable, sustainable) solutions.
The session includes two primary takeaways: (1) history of streets (vitality, walkability, etc.); and (2) how we can learn from our history to improve streets (including mobility and safety for all users). Designing places scaled appropriately for active human living is critical, especially in urbanized areas (city centers, suburbs, villages, etc.).
Transportation: Inspiring a Sustainability Action AgendaBarry Wellar
The slides in this presentation are for of a keynote address at the 2011 Sustainable Community Summit, Ottawa, Canada. My assignment is “To promote and guide discussion into the barriers and solutions associated with achieving the transportation element of a sustainable community.” As context for the discussion of barriers and solutions to achieving sustainable transport, I begin by explaining why I use “Inspire” in the title. I then list a dozen of my reports in which I examined various issues associated with sustainable transport, and another set of reports in which I previously discussed barriers and solutions to achieving sustainable transport in the City of Ottawa. The final context remark is to remind/inform attendees, and viewers of this presentation, of the ten reports from the project, Methodologies for Identifying and Ranking Sustainable Transport Practices in Urban Regions, which was undertaken for Transport Canada in 2008-2009. Emphasis then turns to two conditions which must be met in order to achieve the transportation component of a sustainable community. First, simultaneously reduce the number of trips made by private motor vehicles, and increase the number of trips made by walking, cycling, and transit. And second, actions are explicitly designed and methodologically implemented to increase transportation system flexibility. The presentation is concluded by a number of slides illustrating how the sustainability of a transportation system is determined by the combinations of transportation system outputs that are demanded by citizens, businesses, and government agencies, and the modes of transportation used by citizens, businesses, and governments to achieve those outputs. In the open forum to follow the presentation, Summit attendees will be asked for words of wisdom, guidance, and motivation to INSPIRE a sustainable transportation transformation across Ottawa, Ontario, and beyond.
Transportation Planning 101: The Role of Resource and Regulatory Agencies in ...Kristen Carney
Recently, FHWA put on a webinar entitled "Transportation Planning 101: The Role of Resource and Regulatory Agencies in Transportation Planning." The purpose of the webinar was to describe how statewide and metropolitan transportation planning works. The presentation was a good basic overview of transportation planning from the perspective of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
Urban transportation systems redesigning main streetJulianne Crawford
Serving both Houston’s Medical District and Rice University, the section of Main Street between Cambridge Street and University Boulevard has a high demand for drivers; however, the street is not equipped to handle such a high capacity, and is constantly afflicted by traffic and delay during rush hour times. There are three major concerns that we will seek to address: (1) Traffic backed into the intersections during rush hour necessitates the stationing of traffic guards to override the traffic signals and moderate traffic flow; (2) The frequency with which cars exit from the 6 parking garages exacerbates the already heavy congestion as they attempt to merge into oncoming traffic; and (3) Un-synced and, what we felt were, unnecessary lights prevent traffic from moving through this area smoothly and efficiently.
Our primary goals and considerations when re-designing Main Street were as follows: (1) Redesign and/or re-work the existing system of intersections and parking garage exits to maintain a smooth flow of traffic using only traffic signals and no outside moderation, even during rush hour times when traffic flow is particularly high; (2) Prioritize and ensure that cars, pedestrians crossing the street, and buses moving through this area can all travel to their final destinations with minimum delay; and (3) Remain mindful of the limited space within which redesigning Main Street must occur, and the fact that this section of Main Street does face peak times of need during which more stress will be placed on the system. In the remainder of this report, we will address how we came to our proposed re-design alternatives to meet each of these goals.
See what a kid think that how we are destroying our beautiful world...this is time to take action....
Plz help to Save this beautiful home..
Go Green, Go Public (ATPA)
Lesson 7 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lessons 11-13 (superceded) for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lessons 11-13 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Css class 8 multi-disciplinary teaming 120309TTI-UTCM
Lesson 8 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lesson 9 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lesson 17 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lesson 18 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lesson 26 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Lesson 2 for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Lessons 14-16 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Css classes 27 28 - term project presentations 100410TTI-UTCM
Lessons 27-28 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Css class 25 project checklist and approval process 113009TTI-UTCM
Lesson 25 for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Slide template for Grad Course on CSS (from UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions")
Css class 4 css and project development 120309TTI-UTCM
Lesson 4 for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Supplemental class description for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Flyer for graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Syllabus for 15 week graduate course on Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS). Created for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Case Study #11 for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Project 10 tri-party downtown streets - san antonio 092710TTI-UTCM
Case Study #10 for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Project 9 south lake shore drive - chicago 092210TTI-UTCM
Case Study #9 for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Case Study #6 for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Case Study #5 for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Case Study #4 for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Project 2 north central expy-high 5 interchange 092210TTI-UTCM
Case Study #2 for UTCM Report #08-14-03 "Making Mobility Improvements a Community Asset: Transportation Improvements Using Context-Sensitive Solutions"
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
The Metaverse and AI: how can decision-makers harness the Metaverse for their...Jen Stirrup
The Metaverse is popularized in science fiction, and now it is becoming closer to being a part of our daily lives through the use of social media and shopping companies. How can businesses survive in a world where Artificial Intelligence is becoming the present as well as the future of technology, and how does the Metaverse fit into business strategy when futurist ideas are developing into reality at accelerated rates? How do we do this when our data isn't up to scratch? How can we move towards success with our data so we are set up for the Metaverse when it arrives?
How can you help your company evolve, adapt, and succeed using Artificial Intelligence and the Metaverse to stay ahead of the competition? What are the potential issues, complications, and benefits that these technologies could bring to us and our organizations? In this session, Jen Stirrup will explain how to start thinking about these technologies as an organisation.
1. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Classes 19-22 Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Using CSS to Develop Compatible
Supportive Designs
1
2. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Goal: Excellence Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Excellent transportation design
• Satisfies stakeholder purpose, needs, and vision
– Established early
– Refined as process advances
• Safe for users and community
• Harmonious with community
• Supports other community objectives
• Preserves environmental values and resources
2
3. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Process (Review) Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Project development process
• Determine context
– Existing conditions
•Physical
– Roadway, transitway, pathway
– Roadside, streetside, wayside
– Adjacent development
» Context zones
» Land use site design
» External factors
•Activity
– Transportation facility
– Roadside, streetside, wayside
– Adjacent land, buildings
3
4. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Process (Review) Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Project development process (cont.)
• Determine context (cont.)
– Environment (relevant)
• Physical
• Social
– Planed changes
– External factors
CS3 – context sensitive sustainable
solutions (Oregon DOT version)
4
5. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Process (Review) Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Project development process (cont.)
• Identify issues, opportunities, constraints, threats,
strengths, weaknesses
– Issues – concerns, problems, questions, uncertainties
– Opportunities – what could occur (physical, operational,
policy, transportation, development, economic, etc.)
– Constraints – limitations on opportunities
– Threats – negative factors or prospects
– Strengths – positive attributes on which to build
– Weaknesses – shortcomings to strengthen
5
6. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Process (Review) Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Project development process (cont.)
• Identfy goals, objectives, core values
– Desired outcomes – Core values
•Goals (general statements) •Aesthetics
– Mobility and access •Safety
– Economic development
•Character
– Land development
– Activity
•Etc.
– Other
•Objectives
– More detailed statements
6
7. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Process (Review) Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Project development process (cont.)
• Select criteria for evaluation, prioritization
– Base on
•Objectives •Mobility
•Issues •Socio-econimic
•Opportunities •Environmental
•Concerns •Cost-effectiveness
•Environmental impacts •Other
7
8. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Process (Review) Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Project development process (cont.)
• Vision
– Outcome from goals
•Functional
•Appearance
•Resulting conditions
8
9. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Develop alternatives
• Range
• Design criteria
• Approach
• Flexibility
• Components
9
10. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Develop alternatives
• Range in magnitude
– “No build”
•May include improvements elsewhere in system
– Operational (TSM) improvements
– Minor
– Full “build”
• Range in type
– Modal
– Alignment
– Type of facility
– Extent of improvement
– Relationship with adjacent development
10
11. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Develop alternatives
• Design criteria
– AASHTO green book (using flexibility)
– AASHTO, FHWA Flexibility in Highway Design
– State DOT design manual
– City/county public works design manual
– Local agency guidelines (incl. zoning overlays)
– Modal guidelines (ITE CSS for walkable
communities)
• Ped – AASHTO ped guide
• Bike – AASHTO bike facilities guide
• Bus – TCRP 19, 33, 117 (pending
TCRP D-09
• Rail – TCRP 17, 69 guide)
– Landscaping
11
12. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Develop alternatives
12
13. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Develop alternatives
• Components
– Traveled way – Design each
– Adapt per activity
– Streetside, roadside, wayside
– Enhance each to work
– Land uses together
– Sense of place
• Urban design
• Parks
• Historic features
• Social fabric
• Arts and activity
13
14. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Decision-Making Context Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Caltrain improvements – S.F. peninsula line
TRANSIT THE
BUILT ENVIRONMENT HSR
SERVICES PROJECT
Alignment Alignment
WHAT Land Use Services Vehicles
Circulation Vehicles
TOD Vehicles Operations
DECISIONS? Connectivity
Operations
Stations Stations
Services Services
WHO City Councils Transit Agency JPB/CHSRA Boards
DECIDES? Board of Supervisors Federal agencies CHSRA Board
Boards
Elected officials Federal agencies
PRP Elected officials
Customers Customers
Customers
Facilitate consider
COMMUNITY Incorporate community community input
Direct engagement
INFLUENCE community engagement in decisions
input into
decisions Regional/state Statewide
accountabilility accountability
15. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Evaluate
• One measure per objective or issue
– Quantifiable (with available data)
– Sensitive to changes in performance
• Can be categorical or ratio
• Need quantification methodology
• Can work within Delphi process
15
16. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Evaluate – Option: Delphi process
• Combines performance and importance
• One measure per criterion
– Objective
– Issue
• Quantified in ratio scale
• Criteria weighted per stakeholder input
– Initial
– Again after interim results
16
17. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
• Delphi example
(or other evaluation table)
17
18. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Project Development Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Evaluation
• Converge by narrowing, refining alternatives
1. Distinct ranging alternatives
Cycle
2. Workable more detailed alternatives 1.Formulate/
refine
2.Evaluate
3. (optional) Variations on final alternative(s) 3.Discuss
EIS
4.Narrow
4. Preferred alternative
5. Develop preliminary design
18
19. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Communities want
• Flexibility
• Compatibility with adjacent land uses
• Balanced land use/transportation functions
• Safe and attractive streets
• Multimodal facilities
• Streets that are quality public space
19
20. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
FDOT TDLC Roads* Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
*Transportation design for livable communities
Examples of flexible DOT design criteria
Minimum lane widths
20
21. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
FDOT TDLC roads Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Techniques to
support non-drive
modes
21
22. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Tenets of CSS
• Balance
– Safety
– Mobility
– Community objectives
– Environment
• Multimodal
• Involve public, stakeholders
• Interdisciplinary teams
• Flexibility in design
• Incorporate aesthetics 22
23. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Placemaking
• Community-based approach to the development and
revitalization of cities and neighborhoods
• Placemaking:
– Unique places with lasting value
– Compact, mixed-use
– Pedestrian and transit oriented
– Strong civic character
– Contributes to economic development
23
24. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
ITE framework
• Context zones:
– Suburbs to downtowns
• Street classification:
– Functional class
– Thoroughfare type
•Boulevard
•Avenue
•Street
• Compatibility
24
25. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Context Zones – An Organizing System for
Thoroughfare Design
Graphic source: Duany Plater-Zyberk and Company
Source: Duany Plater-Zyberk and Company
Source: Context Sensitive Solutions in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable Communities
26. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Features that create context
• Land use
– Defines urban activity
– Major factor in design criteria
• Site design
– Arrangement of buildings, circulation, parking and landscape
– Vehicle or pedestrian-orientation
• Building design
– Height, massing shape context
– Create enclosure/pedestrian interest
26
27. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Land use influence
• Major factor in thoroughfare design
• Influences:
•Travel demand
•Activity in roadside
•Width of roadside
•On-street parking
•Target speed
•Freight and transit
27
28. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Site design
Feature Auto Oriented Pedestrian Oriented
Building – Set well back into – Oriented to, and adjacent to
Orientation and private property street
Setback – Oriented to parking or – Direct pedestrian entrance
landscape on street
– Integrated with street using
stoops, arcades, cafes
Parking Type and – Surface lot between – Under or behind building
Orientation buildings and street access by alleys
– Structured
– On-street
Block Length - Large blocks, often with - Short blocks
no public throughway - High connected network
- Superblocks
28
29. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Building design
• Significant contributor to
context defined by:
– Height and thoroughfare
enclosure
– Width
– Scale and variety
– Entries
29
30. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Street enclosure
• Building height to
thoroughfare width
ratios:
– 1:4 suburban
– 1:2-1:3 urban
• Pedestrians first
perceive enclosure at a
1:4 ratio
30
31. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
CSS tenet - thoroughfare design changes as
context changes
The thoroughfare both responds to and contributes to
shaping the context and defining the place
31
32. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Thoroughfare types
• Three classifications:
– Boulevard
– Avenue
– Street
• Basis for:
– Physical configuration
– Design criteria
– Design speed
32
33. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Functional classification in thoroughfare design
• Function and role in the network
– Continuity
– Trip purpose and length
– Level of land access
– Type of freight
– Types of public transit
• Design controls
– Design speed for sight distance
– Horizontal and vertical curvature
33
34. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Relationship: functional classification and thoroughfare type
34
35. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Thoroughfare type in design
• Design criteria
– Target speed (desirable operating speed)
• Physical configuration
– With surrounding context
• Dimensions for:
– Roadside
– Traveled way
– Intersections
35
36. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Thoroughfare type characteristics
36
37. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
FDOT TDLC Roads Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Speed reduction
techniques
37
38. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Boulevard
• Divided arterial (4+ lanes)
• Target speed (35 mph or less)
• Through and local traffic
• Serve longer trips
• Access management
• Major transit corridor
• Primary freight route
• Emergency response route
• Limited curb parking
38
39. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Boulevard
39
40. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Multi-way boulevard
• Characterized by:
– Central roadway for through traffic
– Parallel roadways access abutting property, parking,
and pedestrian and bicycle facilities
– Parallel roadways separated from the through lanes
by curbed islands
• Require significant right-of-way
• Special treatment of intersections
40
41. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Multi-way boulevard
41
42. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Avenue
• Arterial or collector (4 lanes max)
• Target speed (30 to 35 mph)
• Land access
• Primary ped and bike route
• Local transit route
• Freight - local deliveries
• Optional raised landscaped median
• Curb parking
42
43. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Street
• Collector or local street (2 lanes)
• Target speed (25 mph)
• Land access primary function
• Designed to:
– Connect residential neighborhoods
– Connect neighborhoods with
commercial districts
– Connect local streets to arterials
• May be commercial main street
• Emphasizes curb parking
• Freight restricted to local deliveries
43
44. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Changing Thoroughfare & Context
• Arterial Street
• C-3: Suburban
Source: TJPDC, VDOT, City of Charlottesville, & Albemarle Co.
CD+A, Meyer, Mohaddes, & Urban Advantage Existing Conditions
45. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Changing Thoroughfare & Context
• Boulevard Thoroughfare
• C-4: General Urban
Source: TJPDC, VDOT, City of Charlottesville, & Albemarle Co.
CD+A, Meyer, Mohaddes, & Urban Advantage Alternative Future with Initial Network
46. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Changing Thoroughfare & Context
• Avenue Thoroughfare
• C-5: Urban Center
Source: TJPDC, VDOT, City of Charlottesville, & Albemarle Co.
CD+A, Meyer, Mohaddes, & Urban Advantage Alternative Future with Potential “Full” Network
48. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Speed definitions
• Target speed
– Desirable operating speed in specific context
– Balances
•Vehicle mobility
•Safe environment
– Usually posted speed limit
– In CSS set by context and thoroughfare type
• Design speed
– Governs certain geometric features
– Usually set by functional classification
48
49. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Design vs. Control Vehicle
• Design Vehicle • Control Vehicle
– Accommodated without – Encroachment allowed
encroachment – Turns infrequently
– Turns with considerable – Example: emergency
frequency vehicle
– High volumes in
opposing lanes
– Example: bus
49
50. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Emergency vehicle operations
• Turning capability
• Access (clear areas)
– Building entrances
– Hydrants
– Walls
• Mountable median crossings (long blocks)
• Work with fire department
50
51. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
CSS vs. conventional design
Conventional CSS Approach
Context: Urban Context:
Urban Suburban
Rural General Urban
Urban Center
Urban Core
Design criteria based primarily Design criteria based primarily
on: on:
Functional class Community objectives
Design speed Thoroughfare type
Travel demand forecasts Functional class
Level of service objectives Adjacent land use
51
52. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Speed and capacity of urban streets
• Address capacity issues with:
– Network capacity
– Synchronized signal timing
– Access management
– Turn lanes
– Other operational refinements
• Address safety:
– Case-by-case basis
52
53. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
CSS design process
53
54. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Thoroughfare Components
Roadside
54
55. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Considerations in cross-section design
• Local objectives
• Stakeholder priorities
• Adjacent activities
• Functional class
• Context zone and
thoroughfare type
• Modal requirements
• Other conditions
– Right-of-way
– Traffic volumes
– Vehicle mix
55
56. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Stages in cross-section design
1. Establish general parameters based on:
– Context zone
– Thoroughfare type
– Select starting cross-section
2. Determine number of lanes based on:
– Community objectives
– Thoroughfare type
– Long-range transportation plan
– Corridor/network capacity analysis
– Maximum 6 lanes in walkable urban areas
56
57. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Stages in cross-section design
3. Determine design and control vehicle
4. Identify transit, freight, and bicycle requirements
– Establish dimensions
5. Develop ideal cross-section - compare to ROW
– Acquire ROW or narrow design elements, or
– Widen high priority elements to match ROW
– Avoid combining minimal widths
57
58. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Designing in constrained ROW
• Prioritize design elements
• Develop sections
– Optimal – unconstrained
– Predominant – all priority elements
– Functional minimum – many priority elements
– Absolute minimum – highest priority only
• ROW width less than absolute minimum
– Acquire ROW incrementally
– Change thoroughfare type
58
59. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Lane widths
• Up to 35 mph: 10-12 feet
• Over 35 mph: 11-12 feet
• With buses: 11-12 feet
• Bike lanes: 5-6 feet (4 feet outside gutter pan)
• Parking: 7-8 feet
59
60. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Medians
• Functions
– Access management
– Pedestrian refuge
– Left turn lanes
– Aesthetics
• Widths
– 4-22 feet
• Landscaping
– Trees (45 mph or less)
• 6-10 foot medians - less than 4 inch caliper
• 1½ feet lateral clearance
60
61. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Transitions
• Geometric transitions (use AASHTO)
– Change in thoroughfare width
– Lateral shifts
– Lane drops
• Location: on tangent sections
• Context, visual, operational, environmental transition
– Speed zone transition
– Visual cues
• Urban design, land uses, building design, gateways, signs
– Change width of thoroughfare
61
62. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Excerpt from ITE CSS guide – cross-sections
6
2
63. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Streetside design
• From property line to face of curb
• Accommodates street activity
– Mobility
– Business
– Social
• Public space
63
64. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Urban streetside uses
• Movement of pedestrians
• Access to buildings/property
• Utilities/appurtenances
• Transit stops
• Landscaping
• Urban design/public art
• Sidewalk cafes
• Business functions
• Civic spaces (plazas, seating)
64
65. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Streetside components
• Streetside zones:
– Edge Zone
– Furnishings Zone
– Throughway Zone (ADA)
– Frontage Zone
• Function and dimensions vary
by context zone and adjacent
land use
65
66. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Streetside cross-section guidelines
C-4 w/ Predominantly Commercial Ground
Sidewalk Zone [1] C-6 and C-5 C-4 w/ Predominantly Residential Frontage
Floor Use
1.5 feet 1.5 feet
21.5 foot (recommended)
16.5 foot (recommended)
Edge 0.5 feet
19 foot (recommended)
2.5 feet at diagonal parking 2.5 feet at diagonal parking
12 foot (constrained)
12 foot (constrained)
8 feet
7 feet 7 feet
Boulevard
Furnishings (landscape strip w/ trees and grasses or
(trees in tree wells) (trees in tree wells)
groundcovers)
Throughway 10 feet 8 feet 8 feet
0 feet along lawn and groundcover
Frontage 3 feet 2.5 feet 1 foot along low walls, fences, and hedges
1.5 feet along facades, tall walls, and fences
Edge
Boulevard Without Parking
0.5 feet
18.5 foot (Recommended)
10 feet
Furnishings (landscape strip w/ trees and groundcovers or
THIS THOROUGHFARE TYPE NOT APPLICABLE TO THE PREDOMINANTLY low shrubs)
Throughway COMMERCIAL GROUND FLOOR LAND USES FOUND IN C-4 THROUGH C-6 CONTEXT 8 feet
ZONES
0 feet along lawn and groundcover
Frontage 1 foot along low walls, fences, and hedges
1.5 feet along facades, tall walls, and fences
1.5 feet 1.5 feet
Edge 0.5 feet
2.5 feet at diagonal parking 2.5 feet at diagonal parking
19.5 foot (recommended)
14.5 foot (recommended)
16 foot (recommended)
12.0 foot (constrained)
8 feet
12 foot (constrained)
With 6 feet 6 feet
(landscape strip w/ trees and grasses or
Parking trees in tree wells (trees in tree wells)
Furnishings groundcovers)
Avenue
Without 8 feet with 8 feet with 8 feet with
Parking buffer landscaping buffer landscaping buffer landscaping
Throughway 9 feet 6 feet 6 feet
0 feet along lawn and groundcover
Frontage 3 feet 2.5 feet 1 foot along low walls, fences, and hedges
1.5 feet along facades, tall walls, and fences
1.5 feet 1.5 feet
11.5 foot (recommended)
Edge 0.5 feet
16 foot (recommended)
16 foot (recommended)
12.0 foot (constrained)
2.5 feet at diagonal parking 2.5 feet at diagonal parking
12 foot (constrained)
5 feet
6 feet 6 feet
Furnishings (landscape strip w/ trees and grasses or
(trees in tree wells) (trees in tree wells)
Street
groundcovers)
Throughway 6 feet 6 feet 6 feet
0 feet along lawn and groundcover
Frontage 2.5 feet 6 2.5 feet 1 foot along low walls, fences, and hedges
6 1.5 feet along facades, tall walls, and fences
67. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Edge zone
• Interface with traveled way
• Functions
– Vehicle overhang and clearance
– Door opening area
– Wheelchair access at transit stops
• No (rural) clear zone width
• Lateral clearance
– 1½ ft from curb face
67
68. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Furnishings zone
• Buffers pedestrians from traveled
way
• Functions
– Street furniture, public art
– Utilities (within zone)
– Transit stops
– Lighting
– Public spaces (seating)
– Business space (cafes)
– Landscaping
• Safe landscaping
– Sight lines (CPTED)
– Sight distances
68
69. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Throughway and frontage zones
• Throughway zone
– Clear area for pedestrian travel
– ADAAG requirements
– No utilities
• Frontage zone
– Area adjacent to property line
– “Shy” distance from buildings
– Business space (cafes, signs)
– Landscaping
– Seating
– Building access
69
70. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Clear zones on urban thoroughfares
• Defined as an edge zone clear of fixed objects
• Less consequence than rural context
– Lower speeds
– Parked vehicles
• Often not practical in urban areas
• Rural standards not used in urban walkable
areas
70
71. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Driveways
• Minimize in high pedestrian activity areas
• Maintain sidewalk cross slope
Best If necessary
71
72. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Traveled way
• Central portion of thoroughfare between curbs
• Provides for movement of vehicles
• Interface with roadside via on-street parking
72
73. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Traveled way components
• Functions, modes
• Widths, ROW allocations
• Through travel and turn lanes
• Access management
• Parking, transit stops, bike lanes
• Emergency vehicle operations
• Transitions
• Mid-block crosswalks
• Medians, pedestrian refuge islands
73
74. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Lane widths
• Recommended practice
– Urban freeways:
• 12 feet normal
• 11 feet constrained
– Arterials and collectors
•10–11 feet on arterials and collectors
• 12-feet under special circumstances
– Based on:
• Target speed
• Design vehicle
• Right-of-way
• Width of adjacent parking and bicycle lanes
74
75. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Medians Recommended Median Widths on Low Speed
Thoroughfares (35 mph or less)
• Recommended practice Thoroughfare Type
Minimum
Width
Recommende
d Width
Median for access control
Arterial Boulevards and Avenues
4 ft. 6 ft.
Collector Avenues and Streets
Median for pedestrian refuge
Arterial Boulevards and Avenues
6 ft. 8 ft.
Collector Avenues and Streets
Median for street trees and lighting
Arterial Boulevards and Avenues
6 ft. 10 ft.
Collector Avenues and Streets
Median for single left-turn lane
Collector Avenues and Streets 10 ft. 14 ft.
Arterial Boulevards and Avenues 12 ft. 16-18 ft.
Median for dual left turn lane
Arterial Boulevards and Avenues 20 ft. 22 ft.
75
76. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Street trees - Recommended practice
• In medians
– Min. median width
• 6 feet for up to 4” caliper trees
• 10 feet for larger trees
– Avoid trees larger than 4” caliper
• Speed > 45 mph
• Or use barrier
76
77. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Bicycle lanes
• Recommended practice
– Combined with on-street parking = 13 feet
– Without on-street parking = 6 feet
77
78. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
On-street parking – recommended practice
Recommended Parallel Parking Lane Widths
Thoroughfare Type in C-3 through C-6 Context Zones
Parallel Parking Lane Width (commercial and residential areas)
Arterial Boulevard (commercial) 8 ft.
Arterial Boulevard (residential) 7 ft.
Parallel Parking Lane Width (residential areas)
Arterial Avenue 7 ft.
Collector Avenue and Street 7 ft.
Parallel Parking Lane Width (commercial areas)
Arterial Avenue 8 ft.
Collector Avenue and Street 8 ft.
78
79. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
• Mid-block crosswalks - Recommended practice
– Locate so crossings are 200-300 feet apart
– Significant pedestrian demand
– Criteria
• 12,000 ADT or less
• 15,000 ADT with median refuge
• Speed less than 40 mph
• Adequate sight distance
79
80. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Urban intersections
• General principles
– Minimize conflicts between modes
– Minimize pedestrian exposure
– Provide crosswalks on all
approaches
– Minimize curb radii consistent with
design/control vehicle
– Ensure good visibility
– Balance vehicle LOS with
pedestrian convenience and safety
80
81. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
• Urban intersections - Design elements
– Through and turning lanes
– Intersection sight distance
– Medians
– Curb return radii
– Design vehicle
– Channelized right turns
– Modern roundabouts
– Crosswalks and refuges
– Curb extensions
– Bicycle lane treatment
– Bus stops
– Traffic signals
81
82. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Urban intersections
• Avoid large undefined open spaces
Source: City of Palo Alto
CD+A, FPA, and Urban Advantage 82
83. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Urban intersections - Creating opportunities to
improve context
Source: City of Palo Alto
CD+A, FPA, and Urban Advantage 83
84. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Intersections – simplify for all modes
84
86. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
FDOT TDLC Roads Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Curb extension and effective corner radius
86
87. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Curb extensions
• Improve visibility
• Reduce crossing width
• On streets with parking
• Recommended practice
– Extend curb line 1 ft. less than parking
width
– Curb return radius for control vehicle
– Use with bus stops to increase waiting
area
87
88. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Channelized right turns - recommended
practice
• Generally discouraged in walkable
environments
• Signalized intersections with heavy right
turns
• Low pedestrian volumes
• Where pedestrian volumes high – eliminate
or install pedestrian signal
• Low-angle turn
• Clear visibility
• Illumination
88
89. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Roundabouts - recommended practice
Minimum Urban Urban Urban
“Mini- Compact Single-Lane Double-Lane
Parameter Roundabout” Roundabout Roundabout Roundabout
Maximum Entry Speed (mph) 15 15 20 25
Bus and WB-67 with
Bus and
Single-unit lane
Design Vehicle Single-Unit WB-50
truck drive encroachment
Truck
over apron on truck apron
Inscribed circle diameter (feet) 45 to 80 80 to 100 100 to 130 150 to 180
Maximum number of entering
1 1 1 2
lanes
Typical capacity (vehicles per
day entering from all 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000
approaches)
Applicability by Thoroughfare Type:
Not Not Not
Boulevard Applicable
Applicable Applicable Applicable
Not Not
Arterial Avenue Applicable Applicable
Applicable Applicable
Not
Collector Avenue Applicable Applicable Not Applicable
Applicable
Street Applicable Applicable Applicable Not Applicable
89
90. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
9
0
91. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Developing Designs Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Roundabouts
91
92. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Design exceptions – 13 controlling criteria
– Design/target speed • Vertical alignment
– Lane width • Grade
– Shoulder width • Stopping sight distance
– Bridge width • Vertical clearance
– Horizontal alignment • Horizontal clearance
– Superelevation • Structural capacity
– Cross slope
• Needed when
– Cannot meet minimums in applicable design manual
– Reasonable alternative design will work safely
92
93. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Frequent design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Number state DOTs reporting frequent design exceptions by criterion
NCHRP Synthesis 316
93
94. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Consider trade-offs
• Mobility, access
• Road user needs
• Environmental impacts
• Capital and operating costs
• Safety
• Aesthetics
• Local considerations
94
95. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Design Domain and Risk
Speed or Volume
Lower limit of extended
design domain – new
roads
Increasing liability risk,
Decreasing scope Extended Normal
for defense
Design Domain
Lower limit of extended
design domain –
existing roads
Standard Design Criteria
Minimums
Adapted from: O. Arndt, R. Cox, “Using an Enlarged Design Domain for
Road Restoration Projects,” Queensland Department of Main Roads, 2006.
95
96. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
• Strong case
– Show criteria not applicable
•Project can be safe not following criteria
•Environmental or community needs prohibit meeting
criteria
•Criteria impractical to meet
– Weak case
•Saves money
•Saves time
•Designer found loop hole
•Design similar to other existing designs
96
97. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Minimum documentation
• Established design criteria
• Reasons criteria cannot be met
• Why proposal is most applicable
• Applicable background information
• Pertinent information
– Safety assessment
– Operations
97
98. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exception Form Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
98
99. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Documentation must be
• Deliberative
• Defensible
• Clearly written
• Explicitly evaluate safety
– Who is at risk
• Motorists, pedestrians, etc.
– Exposure
• Traffic volumes
• Location
– Extent of exception
– How risk is managed (solely relying on standards does not
guaranty facility free of risk)
99
100. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exception Process Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Florida DOT design and utility
exception process
100
101. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Rule of thumb for success
• No reasonable, feasible, practical solution available that
meets criteria, or
• Selection of proposed criteria is advantageous and
results in overall superior design
and
• Use of proposed criteria is not expected to unduly
degrade or hinder safety or operational performance of
the proposed facility
101
102. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design Exceptions Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
Reference (available
on-line):
102
103. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Design References Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
AASHTO
• A Guide for Achieving Flexibility in Highway Design, 1st Edition
• A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 5th Edition
• Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities, 1st Edition
• Guide for High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Facilities, 3rd Edition
• Guide for Park-and-Ride Facilities, 2nd Edition
• Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities, 3rd Edition
• Roadside Design Guide, 3rd Edition
• Roadway Lighting Design Guide
• Design for Transit Vehicles and Facilities on Streets and Highways (pending from TCRP D-09)
ITE
•Context Sensitive Solutions in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable Communities (2nd
edition pending – retitled to Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach)
•Urban Geometric Design Handbook
•Guidelines for Driveway Location and Design
•Guidelines for Neighborhood Street Design
TRB
•A Guide for Transportation Landscape and Environmental Design (update pending)
•Access Management Manual
103
104. Context Sensitive Solutions in Transportation
Class Project Discussion Planning, Environmental Analysis and Design
• Projects to be
– Presented Class 28
– Submitted at start of Class 29
• Student questions?
104
Editor's Notes
Insert ITE CSS cross-section sketch
Location: S.F. peninsula - El Camino Real @ Los Robles – EXISTING CONDITIONS