The document discusses the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in project planning and community development, emphasizing their importance in promoting social welfare, engaging local communities, and facilitating participatory planning processes. It outlines the legal framework for CSOs in Pakistan, the Istanbul principles for development effectiveness, and the challenges faced by these organizations, including financial transparency and public perception. Overall, the document highlights the critical contribution of CSOs to local governance, citizen empowerment, and sustainable development initiatives.

1. THE ROLE OF CSO IN
EFFECTIVE PROJECT
PLANNING
Consultant
Nudrat Mufti

2. DEFINATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY
ORGANIZATIONS
CSOs can be defined to include
all non-market and non-state
organisations in which people
organise themselves to
pursue
shared interests in the public
domain.

3. CSOs role as promoter of
development
Helping in the overall
multi-faced
Social services to development of rural
the weaker areas
section
Promoting micro- finance
for poor

4. Range
 Membership based CSOs
 Cause based CSOs
 Service oriented CSOs
 Ministry of Social Welfare
 District Governments
 Provincial Social Welfare Departments
 Department of Industries

5. Projects/Kinds
 Community Village associations
 Health ,Education /Environmental group
 Women‟s right groups
 Farmer associations
 Faith based associations
 Labour union
 Cooperatives professionals
 Chamber of commerce
 Non-profit media
 Independent research institutions
 Poverty alleviation organizations


6. NGO / CIVIL SOCIETY
ORGANIZATION
 NGO was defined on February 27, 1950, by the
resolution 288 (X) of the ECOSOC and stands for
a non-governmental organization. Non-
governmental organizations are created by legal
persons who are not part of the government.
Although NGO funds are mostly raised by the
government, they maintain a non-governmental
position, and eliminate the need for a government
council. This type of organization is also known as
a civil society organization.

7. Public sector/private
sector/CSOs
LIMITATION
OF
PRIVATE
SECTOR
FAILURE
OF
PUBLIC
SECTOR
VIABLE
SUPPLEMENTARY
SECTOR(CSOs

8. VIABLE SUPPLEMENTARY
SECTOR(CSOs)
FOUR BASIC
CHARACTERISTICS(RESPONSIVE,EFFICIENT)
VOLUNTARILY FORMED
WORKING TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT
NON-SELF-SERVING AIMS
RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT

9. Why CSOs in project planning
 Project planning is generally initiated by the
government or development agency
 The CSOs are representing the people in
large,
 The CSOs monitoring process.
 The CSOs may better assessments,
 The CSOs more knowledgeable analyzing
data for the government-civil society forum at
central and provincial level.
 The CSOs have a legal framework

10. Tool summary :Participatory
planning process of project
 involve local people in the development
decisions that will affect them.
 support locally-led development
 empowerment
 the participatory planning - implementing,
monitoring and evaluating the development
activities

11. CSO approaches
local government offices
NGOs or development 1-awareness-raising,
agencies
2- mobilizing of
communities ,
3- citizens to encourage ,
4- building the capacity of
Communities/stakeholder local-level stakeholders,
groups. b 5- campaigning for or
against particular
development interventions

12. CSO development effectiveness speaks to
the impact of CSO actions for development
.
 Effectiveness is involving and empowering
people
 CSOs assume no single development model, to
make choices over how they will develop
 For CSOs, development effectiveness
development alternatives,
 CSOs making choices and taking sides.
 Increasingly, CSOs work in support of the
human rights

13. Tools available for development
planning
 Information-sharing s newspaper, radio, and
television or electronic media
 Consultation tools: as round tables, public
hearings, town meetings, community debates,
focus groups, or electronic conferencing, surveys,
opinion polls etc.
 Collaborative planning tools: stakeholder
representation on decision-making bodies,
establishment of local-level planning committees,
participatory budgeting, or finance schemes to
fund community-managed development;
community mapping, priority ranking and wealth

14. CSO & local governments
 accountable to their citizens
 legal requirements for citizen participation in local
government planning
 involve citizens in setting the development
strategies of the local government and deciding
on resource allocation
 local governments lack the fund
, CSOs role local needs, mobilizing greater
resources, and building the capacity of local
government staff to use participatory methods
and approaches

15. How is this being achieved
 The members of CSOs at central and provincial
level are trained to strengthen their capacities in
link policy with implementation at local level.
 Training and analytical information is also
provided to improve CSOs
 Governments (Government - Civil Society
Forum) at provincial level.
 The activities represent a new focus
 Research and investigation capacity is stimulated
through the support to the scientific journal.

16. CSOs can help promote and
facilitate planning
Mobilizing
Campaigns
communities

17. ADVANTAGES
Involve decision-makers from the start:
Plan for micro-macro linkage
Provide extra support to marginalized groups:
Special efforts need to be made to enable
disadvantaged groups to participate in the
planning process
Respect differences of opinion: Different
stakeholder, strengthen the capacity of weaker
groups to articulate their needs and concerns. An
excellent guide on participatory methods for
analyzing and managing power relationships in
multi-stakeholder .
Follow-up with local stakeholders

18. GROWTH OF PUBLIC
SECTOR
sustainability
accountability
participation
responsiven
es
capacity

19. LEGAL COVERAGE
International Framework for CSO
Development Effectiveness
8 Istanbul principles
International and Regional Human
Rights Agreements
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR) etc

20. The International Framework for
CSO Development
 The Istanbul Principles are the foundation for the
International Framework for CSO Development
Effectiveness, adopted in June 2011 at the
Second Global Assembly in Siem Reap,
Cambodia. The Framework sets out guidance for
interpreting and aligning CSO practices with the
Istanbul Principles in diverse local and sectoral
settings. The “Toolkit for Implementation of the
Istanbul Principles”, with further elaboration of
guidance and indicators, will enable CSO actors
to adapt and work with the Framework in the
context of their organizational mandates and
program realities.

21. The 8 Istanbul principles
The 8 Istanbul principles can be used in a variety of ways, in the
national, regional and international contexts. Some examples
already include:
 In Russia, CSOs have lobbied to get the government to recognize
and take on these principles at the national level
 In Scotland, the principles are informing the work happening in the
national platform, including a CSO effectiveness tool.
 In Indonesia, the principles have been used as a lobby tool to
encourage debate and multi-stakeholder dialogue in the country.
In September 2010, more than 170 CSO representatives from 82
countries gathered in Istanbul,
 Turkey, to consider and unanimously adopt the Istanbul Principles
for CSO Development.

22. LAWS
 International and Regional Human Rights Agreements
 Key International Agreements Ratification Year
 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)No Optional Protocol to
ICCPR (ICCPR-OP1)No International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural
Rights (ICESCR)Yes2008
 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention
No International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
(ICERD)Yes1966
 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW)Yes1996Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of
Discrimination Against Women No Convention on the Rights of the Child
(CRC)Yes1990
 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and
Members of their Families (ICRMW)
 No Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)No Regional
Treaties
 SAARC convention on regional arrangements for the promotion of child welfare in
South Asia

23. The Constitution of Pakistan (1973) recognizes the right of
individuals to associate with others to pursue common goals as
an inalienable fundamental right. Relevant constitutional
provisions include
 Article 15 [Freedom of movement]: .
 Article 16 [Freedom of assembly]
 Article 17 [Freedom of association]:
 Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions.
 Every citizen, not being in the service of Pakistan, shall have the right to form or
be a member of a political party,
 Every political party shall account for the source of its funds in accordance with
law.]
 Every political party shall, subject to law, hold intra-party elections to elect its
office-bearers and party leaders.]
 Article 19 [Freedom of speech]: Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of
speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press,
 Article 20 [Freedom of profess religion and to manage religious
institutions]: Subject to law, public order and morality:
 every citizen shall have the right to profess, practice and propagate his religion;
 Article 25 [Equality of citizens]: (1)All citizens are equal before law and are entitled
to equal protection of law. (2)There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex
alone. .

24. Local Government Ordinance
2001
The Local Government Ordinance 2001 includes a number of
provisions which entitle the citizens to access freedom of
information held by the public bodies of the local government.
 Under Sections 18 and 57 Nazim and Naib Nazims are required to
present a performance report of their respective district and
tehsil council, twice a year. Such reports should include detailed
information about development projects.
 Dissemination of information on matters of public interest is
one of the functions of union administration under Section76 of the
Ordinance. Citizens can demand the union council administration
to disseminate information regarding its operations and projects.
 The section 42(7), 69(7) and 89(6) oblige district, tehsil and union
councils to hold their meeting in open for public participation.
 Section 114 obliges the local governments and related offices to
place statements of monthly and annual accounts, performance of
the office and such other necessary statements at a prominent place
within the premises of the office for access by citizens.

25. National Laws and Regulations Affecting
Sector
Laws governing civil society organizations that either explicitly require registration or
implicitly confer recognition include:
 The Societies Registration Act, 1860
 The Religious Endowments Act, 1863
 The Trusts Act (II OF 1882)
 The Charitable Endowments Act (Vi Of 1890)
 The Mussalman Wakf Validating Act, 1913
 The Charitable and Religious Trusts Act, 1920
 The Mussalman Wakf Act, 1923
 The Cooperative Societies Act, 1925
 The Mussalman Validation Act, 1930
 The Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies (Registration And Control Ordinance 1961)
 The Companies Ordinance 1984
 The Local Government Ordinance, 2001
 Income Tax Ordinance 2001

26. The 19th century, the colonial government created a legal
framework for civil society
organizations
The religious The societies registration Act
endowment Act -1863 -1860 provided legal status for
nongovernment
organizations
The trust Act (1882) regulated trust activity
and shifted management of trusts from government
to
trustees. these laws allowed the government to
monitor
civil society activities while alleviating its social
welfare
burden.

27. Organizational Forms (The legal
framework in Pakistan )
The legal framework in Pakistan recognizes four primary forms of not-for-profit organization (NPO).
1-The Societies Registration Act, 1860 states that a society can be formed and registered if its
purpose is to promote any one or more of the following activities:
 Science
 Literature
 Fine arts
 Instruction and the diffusion of useful knowledge
 Diffusion of political education
 Foundation or maintenance of libraries or reading rooms for use among members or open to the
public
 Public museums and galleries of paintings
 Work of art
 Collection of natural history
 Mechanical and philosophical inventions;
 Instruments or designs
 Educational and medical services.

28. 2-A nonprofit company may seek registration under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 if it is
established for furthering the development of:
 Commerce
 Art
 Science
 Religion
 Sports
 Social services
 Charity
 Any other „Useful‟ objective
3- A public charitable trust, under the Trusts Act, 1882, unlike other trusts created for the
benefit of specific individuals, is for the benefit of society generally or for certain sections of
society. Charitable objectives can be classified under the following divisions:
i. Advancement of religion;
ii. Advancement of knowledge
iii. Advancement of commerce, health and safety of the public
iv. Advancement of any other object beneficial to mankind.

29. 4-The Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies Registration and Control Ordinance,
1961 states that a Voluntary Social Welfare Agency is an organization or
undertaking established by people of their own free will for the sole objective of
providing welfare services in any one or more of the following fields:
 Child, youth and women‟s welfare;
 Welfare of the physically and mentally challenged
 Family planning
 Social education
 Rehabilitation and welfare of patients
 Welfare of juvenile delinquents
 Rehabilitation and welfare of released prisoners
 Welfare of socially handicapped
 Welfare for the elderly and destitute
 Recreational programmes to ward off people from anti-social activities;
 Training in social work
 Coordination of social welfare agencies.

30. Public Benefit Status: There are
no legal barriers
Barriers to Barriers to
Barriers to Speech
International Operational Barriers to Entry
/ Advocacy
Contact Activity
• international •Ts operational •e four different laws •There are no legal
communication and activity with registration Barriers to barriers restricting
contacts .Organisations are offices in different Resources the expressive
free to operate provinces. Foreign activities of
according to their organisation sign a organizations. They
approved charter. Memorandum of are allowed to
Understanding with publish critical
Economic Affairs material. However,
Division i some reasonable
limitations are
imposed by law in
the interest of
religion, security
•NO LEGAL BAR and/or defence of
the state, friendly
relations with
foreign states,
public order,
decency and
morality, or
incitement to an
offence.

31. Civil Society Organizations‟
Capacity
and Challenges
There are a number of serious issues—
 state security concerns,
 poor financial transparency,
 development partner dependency,
 management
 capacity
 internal governance
 Provisions of law that require public disclosure are being ignored, depriving society
of the most important means of holding organizations accountable.
 the legitimacy of the agenda of csos has been questioned.
 some take the rather extreme view that the partnership of some rights organizations
with international development partners harms the ideology and the integrity of the
country
 csos are still in the process of gaining their credibility with the public at large.
widespread perception of misuse of charitable funds, especially foreign funds, needs
to be addressed

32. Obstacles
People not willing
to change ,feel
No clear cut
Government that
leadership
leaders give up government/lead
commitment --
er will gone in 5
years
Strong culture of - it cannot Not many cultural
be done movement between the
-- private and public
sector

33. reference
 civicUs. Pakistan NGo forum. code of conduct for NGos and cbos.
Available: www.civicus.org/new/media/PN Available:
www.civicus.org/new/media/PNf%2
f%20code%20of%20conduct%20Pakistan.doc"NGO Laws in Sub-Saharan
Africa"
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 Volume 3, Issue 2 - "Special Issue: An Interview with Maina Kiai, the New
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 Volume 3, Issue 1 - "Arab Spring: An Opportunity for Greater Freedom of
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 Volume 2, Issue 4 - "Freedom of Assembly"
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