Crohns disease
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A 25-year-old male presented with central abdominal pain, low grade fever, and intermittent diarrhea over the past few months. He had lost weight and had no appetite. Examinations found inflammation and narrowing of the bowel lumen. Biopsy showed acute and chronic mucosal inflammation with neutrophils, crypt abscesses, villous blunting, and transmural inflammation. The presentation, examinations, and biopsy results are consistent with Crohn's disease.
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This document discusses various radiographic imaging modalities used in evaluating inflammatory bowel disease, specifically ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Plain abdominal x-rays, barium enemas, colonoscopy, and CT scans can detect signs of active disease like wall thickening, strictures, and complications. MRI is also used and can distinguish between inflammatory and fibrotic lesions. Ultrasound is useful for evaluating perianal abscesses and fistulas. Overall, different imaging techniques provide information about disease activity, extent, and complications to help diagnose and monitor inflammatory bowel conditions.
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Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
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Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
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This PPT contains all necessary detail about cholecystitis and its management and covers all aspects of this disease according to nursing point of view. Helpful for studetns.
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This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease and its complications. Some key complications discussed include life-threatening colon inflammation known as toxic megacolon, hemorrhaging from eroded arteries, and fistulae which are specific to Crohn's disease. Patients with longstanding colitis are also at higher risk for colon cancer. Investigations into IBD include bacteriology tests of stool samples, endoscopy of the bowel, and radiological exams like MRI enterography or CT scans to evaluate disease activity and complications.
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This document provides information about ulcerative colitis and its homeopathic treatment. It discusses the symptoms, causes, extent and stages of ulcerative colitis. It then explains that homeopathy treats the underlying immune problems and considers genetic and stress factors. Homeopathic medicines can help control acute attacks, prevent relapses and aid healing of the colon. The clinic offers treatment for ulcerative colitis by Dr. Pankaj Darji both through in-person visits and online consultations.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It is marked by periods of remission and relapse. The document defines UC and discusses its epidemiology, etiology, pathology, diagnosis, disease severity, differential diagnosis, complications, and extra-intestinal manifestations. Key points include that UC causes inflammation of the colonic mucosa, risk factors include developed nations and Caucasians, the cause involves genetic and immunologic factors, and complications can include cancer, toxic megacolon, hemorrhage, and pouchitis after colectomy.
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This document provides information about ulcerative colitis (UC) by discussing its epidemiology, morphology, clinical features, complications, diagnosis, comparisons to Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis. Key points include that UC is limited to the colon mucosa/submucosa, begins in the rectum and extends proximally, and causes bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. It has a higher risk of colon cancer than Crohn's disease. Histopathology shows crypt abscesses and a continuous area of colon inflammation. Around 10% of IBD cases are considered indeterminate colitis with overlapping UC and Crohn's features.
Inflammatory bowel disease
This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It defines IBD as a group of conditions that cause inflammation of the digestive tract, and notes the two major types are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease can impact any part of the digestive tract and often spreads deep into tissues, while ulcerative colitis exclusively impacts the innermost lining of the large intestine and rectum. Symptoms for both include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and more. While causes are unknown, it is believed to involve defects in the immune system. Diagnosis involves blood tests, stool samples, imaging and endoscopy. Treatment depends on the severity but may include
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. The causes are unknown but may involve genetic and immune factors. UC primarily involves the colonic mucosa while Crohn's disease can involve all layers of the intestinal wall. Treatment involves medications to suppress inflammation such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, and antispasmodics. While some patients can be managed medically, many will require surgery for complications or refractory disease. The prognosis is generally better for UC than Crohn's disease.
Cinicopathological Meeting- Intestinal Ganglioneuromatosis
This document discusses the case of a 55-year-old male patient who underwent surgery for small bowel stricture suspected to be lymphoma. The patient had a 10-year history of right lower abdominal pain and recent weight loss. Imaging and biopsy results were presented from the case. The surgical specimen showed diffuse ganglioneuromatosis of the intestine, a rare condition characterized by proliferation of nerve cells and fibers in the gastrointestinal tract.
cystic fibrosis
- An 8-month-old girl presented with cough, shortness of breath, and diarrhea since birth. She had recurrent lung infections and was failing to thrive.
- Testing found a sweat chloride level above normal, indicating cystic fibrosis. Genetic testing found a homozygous mutation in the CFTR gene.
- She was treated with antibiotics, pancreatic enzymes, airway clearance techniques, and nutritional supplementation. Her weight improved with treatment but she continued to have pulmonary exacerbations requiring hospital admissions. Future treatments may include gene and cell therapies as cystic fibrosis management continues to advance.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the rectum and colon. The causes are unknown but likely involve genetic and immune factors. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves blood tests, colonoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation through medications like mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or biologics. Surgery to remove the colon may be needed for severe cases or cancer prevention. Complications can include toxic megacolon, colon cancer, and extraintestinal manifestations.
Irritable bowel disease/syndrome
I am professionally pharmacist. These slides for clinical based those students who study in pharmacy program. These students get more benefits about it.
Irritable bowel disease/syndrome
I am professionally pharmacist. These slides for clinical based those students who study in pharmacy program. These students get more benefits about it.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
1. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel habits without detectable structural abnormalities.
2. IBS is caused by abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, central neural processing, the gut microbiome, and serotonin signaling.
3. Treatment involves managing symptoms through diet, stress reduction, antispasmodics, antidepressants, and antibiotics in some cases. Thorough evaluation is needed to rule out other causes for symptoms.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It involves diffuse inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. The cause is unknown but likely related to genetic and immune factors. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea. Diagnosis involves colonoscopy and biopsy. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission such as mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. Surgery may be required for severe cases or cancer prevention. Long-term monitoring is needed due to cancer risk.
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Learning objectives:
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Crohns disease
- 2. Case A 25 YRS old male presented with central abdominal pain associated with low grade fever And intermittent attacks of diarrhrea that come and go in a weekly pattern . The pt. was anorexic and metioned a gradual weight loss over the past few months . also the pt. is smoker since he was 17 .
- 3. Case discussed A 25 YRS old male presented with central abdominal pain associated with low grade fever And intermittent attacks of diarrhrea that come and go in a weekly pattern . The pt. was anorexic and metioned a gradual weight loss over the past few months . also the pt. is smoker since he was 17 .
- 4. !Lets go DDX Bacterial enteritis Viral enteritis Ulcerative colitis Tumor Crohn's disease
- 5. So what's the approach ?? Full history : the pain questions , diarrhea , stool characteristics , family Hx of similar condition, social habits including smoking . Clinical examination Lab investigations : complete blood picture showed ( megaloblastic anemia?) elevated ESR and CRP , folic acid and Cu defeciency GSE for presence of bacteria . Stool occult blood test
- 6. Approach Colonoscopy , CT scan , X-RAY with barium enema . (no mass , but narrowing of bowel lumen)
- 9. What to see ?? • Mucosa : small ulcers coalesce to form long serpentine linear ulcers . The mucosa between the ulcers is inflamed and edematous , having a cobble-stone appearance .
- 11. They love this one : the sharp demarcation of diseased bowel segments from the adjacent non involved essentially normal bowel .
- 12. Ulcers or fissures ?? • The superficial ulcer may penetrate deeply to form deep fissures , these may extend further causing fistulae between the affected intestinal segment and : • Bowel loops • Vagina • Bladder • Skin of abdomen
- 14. The Bx results
- 15. GO microscopically • Acute mucosal inflammation ; neutrophils in the epithelium and in the crypts (crypt abscesses )
- 16. GO microscopically • Chronic mucosal damage : this is villous blunting in SI , and crypt irregularity in the LI . • Ulcerations • Trans-mural chronic inflammation : lymphocytes and plasma cells fill all the layers
- 18. GO microscopically • Other changes ; duplication and thickening of musc. mucosae. And also fibrosis of submucosa , musc. Propria and serosa . • Dysplastic changes in the mucosal epithelial cells : this is imp. In long standing disease , may be focal or widesprad , increase with time this increases the risk of CA . Esp. that of colon
- 20. C / F • Colicky abdominal pain • Intermittent attacks of diarrhea • Fever lasting weeks or months • Anorexia , Wt loss • Anemia in colon involvement
- 21. Complications of Crohn's • Fibrosing strictures : causing intestinal obstruction ( symptoms ?) • Fistulae to ; normal bowel , vagina , bladder • Extensive involvement of small intestine : causing protein losing enteropathy , pernicious anemia (?) , steatorrhea (?) and generalized malabsorption .
- 22. EXTRA-INTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS • Arthritis • Finger clubbing • Erythema nodosum • Primary sclerosing cholangitis • renal disorders (how ?) • systemic amyloidosis • increased incidence of CA of GIT Ureter trapped in inflamed bowel narrowing Urine back to kidneys Hydronephrosis
- 23. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for Crohns DR, Bernard Crohn Clubbing is an extra intestinal manifestation for Crohns Cobble stone pavements