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Critical Thinking for People Leaders
- 1. Critical Thinking Critical thinking relates to how we make decisions and use our judgement. As a leader it is also about how we take action. Critical thinking involves many components. In this training we will address a few of them.
- 2. Intro – Why are we here? WIIFM? Why are we here? • Different Approaches to Problem Solving • Maintaining Effective Leadership • Improved Communication • Advanced Decision Making WIIFM (What’s In It For Me?)
- 3. Agenda 1 Components of Critical Thinking Applying Reason Open Mindedness Analysis Assessment
- 4. The Ice Breaker… Give your best answer for the four (4) following questions….and have fun with it!
- 5. How do you put a giraffe into your refrigerator? How do you put an elephant into your refrigerator? The Lion King is hosting an animal conference. All the animals attend except one. Which animal does not attend? There is a river you must cross but it is used by crocodiles, and you do not have a boat. How do you manage it??
- 6. noun: critical thinking the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment. What Is Critical Thinking? Write down your definition.
- 7. Applying Reasoning What is reasoning? Show me an example! How does this apply to my job?
- 9. BEYONCE KNOWLES (PREMISES) (CONCLUSION) THEREFORE, BEYONCE WAS BORN IN TEXAS GUARANTEES BEYONCE WAS BORN IN HOUSTON EVERYONE WHO WAS BORN IN HOUSTON WAS BORN IN TEXAS
- 10. CORRECTION ACTION PROCESS (PREMISES) (CONCLUSION) EDITH SHOULD BE GIVEN COACHING AND PLACED ON A VERBAL WARNING GUARANTEES EDITH NEVER SHOWED FOR FIELD VISIT BUT SAID SHE DID EDITH REQUESTED MULTIPLE PAYCOM CORRECTIONS BUT WAS ACTUALLY LATE EDITH CONTINUES TO SUBMIT LATE NOTES THAT NEEDS CORRECTIONS
- 11. DISPUTE BETWEEN EMPLOYEES (PREMISES) (CONCLUSION) THE COMPUTERS WILL ALWAYS BE TURNED OFF. GUARANTEES WHOEVER IS THE LAST PERSON IN THE CUBICLE WILL ALWAYS TURN OFF BOTH COMPUTERS
- 12. Open Mindedness What is open mindedness? Show me an example! How does this apply to my job?
- 13. Activity Just for fun, try out the following thought experiment and check your score at the end!
- 14. 1. Imagine your local online newspaper is offering you the chance to lunch with and interview a famous dictator, known for his mistreatment of women.
- 15. 2. You've decided it would be good to spend time volunteering—but where?
- 16. 3. You're asked to play the part of a porpoise in a school play.
- 17. 4. You're on your way to an interview for a part-time job at the far end of your city.
- 18. 5. Good pals are dropping over on Friday night, and you've promised to feed them.
- 19. 6. You visit a new art museum where some of the paintings are offbeat and even off-putting.
- 20. 7. A foreign-looking woman shows up at your library’s book club. Her bright red, curvy fingernails are at least two inches long.
- 21. 8. Your brother presents you with an oak shelf he made himself.
- 22. 9. It's family vacation time but money is short.
- 23. 10. You watched a film with an uncertain ending: maybe the heroine marries the guy or else she might go off on her own.
- 24. (22-30) Mental Adventurer. You're quite open to experience. (16-21) Half-mindful. You're got the potential to be more open-minded, but you hesitate to let go of your old ideas and break new ground. (10-15) Rut-Sticker. You tend to be a follower. How did you score?
- 25. It’s good to be wrong. The ideas we hold aren’t us. We don’t need to defend them to the death. - Anonymous
- 26. It’s good to be wrong. The ideas we hold aren’t us. We don’t need to defend them to the death. - Anonymous
- 27. Best Practices to Keep an Open Mind • Fight the urge to react in anger when you hear differing opinions • Avoid closing yourself off • Place yourself out of your comfort zone • Stay social and make new friends • Don’t be afraid to ask questions • Avoid speculation
- 28. Analysis What is a critical thinking analysis? Show me an example! How does this apply to my job?
- 30. 40% of employees reported having a positive work culture at their job Current State: 40% Ideal State: 65% Driving Forces (+) Restraining Forces (-) 1. Express gratitude 2. Safe environment 3. Encourage positive thinking 1. High turnover 2. Lack of recognition 3. Poor management and leadership
- 31. Activity In your teams create a Force Field Analysis that will help solve for opportunities in the workplace.
- 32. Low Employee Morale • Changes in attitude • An active grapevine • Lack of initiative Attendance • Illness • Personal Issues • Lack of commitment Productivity • Poor communication • Inconsistency • Inappropriate behavior Paycom (Clocking In/Out) • Requesting a punch correction • Multiple punch corrections • Missed punches Create a Force Field Analysis to solve for the below opportunities
- 33. Activity Debrief What issue were you solving for? What are your primary driving forces? How do we solve for this issue?
Editor's Notes
- Title Slide with short description
- Intro Slide (Why are we here? What’s In It For Me?) Different Approaches to Problem Solving – This will help us come to better solutions faster as leaders. Maintaining Effective Leadership – You’re a finely tuned leadership machine! But sometimes we require up keep and maintenance in how we lead. Improved Communication – Not just how we give information but how we receive and process the information we receive. What should I consider, what should I ignore? Advanced Decision Making – Leave intuition and “guestimating” behind. Begin to work on a more analytical process to make more sound decisions.
- Agenda Slide
- ICEBREAKER –
- How do you put a giraffe into your refrigerator? Correct answer: Open the refrigerator, put in the giraffe, and close the door. This question tests whether you tend to do simple things in an overly complicated way. How do you put an elephant into your refrigerator? Did you say, Open the refrigerator, put in the elephant, and close the refrigerator? Wrong answer. Correct answer: Open the refrigerator, take out the giraffe, put in the elephant and close the door. This tests your ability to think through the repercussions of your previous actions. The Lion King is hosting an animal conference. All the animals attend - except one. Which animal does not attend? Correct Answer: The elephant. The elephant is in the refrigerator. You just put him in there. This tests your memory. Okay, even if you did not answer the first three questions correctly, you still have one more chance to show your true abilities. There is a river you must cross but it is used by crocodiles, and you do not have a boat. How do you manage it? Correct Answer: You jump into the river and swim across. Have you not been listening? All the crocodiles are attending the animal conference. This tests whether you learn quickly from your mistakes.
- State before showing definition/writing activity : We’ve all heard of educators, executives, and sometimes politicians speaking about critical thinking. You’ve might of asked yourself “Why is critical thinking so important or useful?” “How does this apply to me professionally or personally?” “Does critical thinking mean I have to think longer about things?” All of these are good questions, but before we get into this subject I want you to write down your definition of CT. At the end of the day we will compare what we thought about CT to what we learned. 2 minutes – attendees with write their belief of what CT is but will hold them till the end of the day. Once completed reveal the Webster definition of CT.
- There are different types of reasoning (deductive, inductive, abductive, backward induction) but today we will focus on what method of reasoning will most likely be helpful as a leader….deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning looks for observations to prove a theory. It uses formal logic and produces logically certain results. Often called top-down logic, this type of reasoning focuses on problem solving. (Inductive reasoning is used to form an educated guess).
- A deductive arguments are a set of statements called premises that are meant to give you reason to believe a further statement called it’s conclusion. The premises are meant to guarantee that the conclusion is true if it’s a good argument. Therefore it’s impossible for the premises be true while the conclusion is false. Resource ; Geoff Pynn (NIU Professor)
- Here is an example using a scenario using someone we all know….Beyonce!
- Here is an example using a scenario that is familiar with us. Let’s call this employee “Edith”. Hopefully you don’t have to many ‘Ediths” but if so this how reasoning skills can help you make a decision as a leader.
- You can also apply deductive reasoning to a dispute or argument between employees. To do this, you will need to isolate the premise of the dispute and form a deductive argument based on the premise. Lets say that you have two (2) employees who share a bullpen (double cubicles) and their having a dispute over one of them not turning off their computer at the end of the day. The other employee then argues back that their co-worker doesn’t turn off their computer either. As the leader you need to form a premise (fact or rule) that would solve the dispute. You might start by asking the employees questions like: What tactics could you both use to remember to turn off the computers? How can you both support each other and make sure the computers are always off? What tactics are used by other employees to make sure the computers are turned off? Based on their responses you can form a premise, for example whoever is the last one to leave for the day is responsible to turn off the computers, therefore the computers will always be turned off based on this strong premise.
- Being open-minded means taking in account relevant evidence or arguments to revise a current understanding. It means being critically open to alternatives and willing to think about other possibilities even after forming an opinion. When it comes to solving problems, making decisions, or creating strategic plans the processes you use require one important ingredient – an open mind. Without maintaining an open mind any formal process that you use will give you “garbage in, garbage out.”
- Source : https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/creating-in-flow/201311/how-open-minded-are-you-quiz Submit answers : https://forms.gle/HoKEt6JA1xvav82j6
- Trainer Debrief: After everyone reviews their score ask the room are they surprised about their score? What questions were difficult to have an open mind towards? Why is it hard to consider a different opinion than your own? Is it important to understand the opposite opinion before making a decision…tell me why?
- The story about “Java vs Café”. For years I believed the Spanish word for coffee was java and wouldn’t let anyone tell me otherwise until a friend looked up the meaning for ‘java”. Sometimes holding on to tight to our ideas, processes, methods, or leadership styles can be dangerous to us, our team, or the organization. Think about what decisions we’re made that cause the non-profit Youth Policy Institute to close it’s doors October of this year (2019). (1000 employees, 400 are being picked up by “Think Together” the other 600 are out of work). “Java” Comes from the Island of Java During the 1600s, the Dutch introduced coffee to Southeast Asia. They brought coffee trees to places like Bali and Sumatra, where it's still grown today. ... Today, “java” has become a generic term for coffee and no longer refers only to coffee from the Island of Java.
- Watch this short video that reminds us of being open minded to being wrong. We learn more from being wrong and then opening up to new alternatives. Lesson learned? LIVE LONG ENOUGH TO CHANGE YOUR MIND
- Fight the urge to react in anger when you hear differing opinions. Instead, take a moment to yourself to find the wisdom to understand that everyone will not hold the same opinions as you. Try to put yourself in the other person’s shoes and see things their way. Avoid closing yourself off. Welcome new situations that are different from those you’re familiar with. When you’re exposed to differing opinions, look at them as learning experiences. Place yourself out of your comfort zone. Make the effort to journey out of your comfort zone often. If you have certain anxieties about new situations, you should still take this step, but make these changes slowly. Go to new places and try new things. Stay social and make new friends. You’ll find that you’re more likely to discover new opportunities to try new things when you stay social. Your friends might be trying new things that they can introduce you to as well. Also, when you make a new friend, they’ll likely have a unique set of interests for you to learn about to broaden your horizons. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Sometimes the only way to learn more about a certain situation and keep an open mind is to ask a lot of questions to gain a better understanding. While you don’t want to intrude on someone’s personal life, if they’re willing to share information, you should be willing and eager to listen. Avoid speculation. Go out and live the experience before you form opinions about something. Rather than blindly believing what someone else says, or assuming that you won’t like it, find out for yourself if you like something or not. This could be as simple as trying new food, activity, or hobby. Source : https://medium.com/live-your-life-on-purpose/keeping-an-open-mind-how-to-embrace-new-ideas-4b7e565fdaaa
- Analysis involves the process of discriminating or separating. It gives us the ability to break down the complexity of an idea or process and allows us to gain a better understanding so we can make an informed decision. This way we can formulate new creative ideas and generate solutions. I want to give you two tools you can use as a leader to breaking down information analytically.
- Which letter doesn’t belong here? After a few answers reveal that the “t” is the one out of place. “Sometimes the easiest answer is the right one….remember the giraffe in the fridge?”
- Resource for stats : https://blog.accessperks.com/2019-employee-engagement-loyalty-statistics#2
- ACTIVITY – Separate the class into 4 teams with an easel chart for each team. Each team will be assigned a current issue from the next slide. In their groups they will create a Force Field Analysis to solve for the issue. Each team will have 5 minutes to list driving forces and restraining forces that effect the issue. After 5 minutes each team will rotate to the next issue until each team has worked on all 4 issues. Team will then go back to their original easel chart and have 5 minutes to decide which forces have the strongest effect for success and failure then create a solution for the issue.
- Force Field Analysis activity examples.
- ACTIVITY – Separate the class into 4 teams with an easel chart for each team. Each team will be assigned a current issue from the next slide. In their groups they will create a Force Field Analysis to solve for the issue. Each team will have 5 minutes to list driving forces and restraining forces that effect the issue. After 5 minutes each team will rotate to the next issue until each team has worked on all 4 issues. Team will then go back to their original easel chart and have 5 minutes to decide which forces have the strongest effect for success and failure then create a solution for the issue.
- https://forms.gle/7Fq8J1zWFMbYvvL5A (7 questions about critical thinking) What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning? * Inductive reasoning is used to form a hypothesis What does it mean to be open-minded? Willingness to accept new information even when an opinion has been formed Which scholar/philosopher encouraged open-mindedness and questioned traditional rhetoric 2400 years ago? Socrates In what learning domain does analysis fall in? Cognitive Which of the following is not one of the three factors to consider when analyzing new information? Environment What is a premise? A statement of fact or value In your own words, how can you use a Force Field Analysis to solve for an issue?
- At the beginning of the day I asked you to write down your definition of critical thinking. Has your understanding changed….tell me how? How can you use what we learned in your leadership role?