The document discusses the four types of sentences - simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex - and provides examples. It also discusses the key elements of a coherent paragraph, including a topic sentence, support sentences, and transitions to connect ideas and alert the reader to shifts. Transitions can include connecting words, pronouns, paired words, and words that indicate additional detail, comparison, cause-and-effect, contrast, condition, illustration, time sequence, intensification, summary, and repetition.

1. Arranging your carefully chosen words in effective
sentences is the next step in creating suc- cessful
messages.

2. the Four Types of Sentences
 Sentences come in four basic varieties: simple,
compound, complex, and compound- complex.
 Simple: King Kong and Godzilla destroyed the city.
 Compound: King Kong didn’t want to destroy the city, but Godzilla
enjoyed it.
 complex: King Kong and Godzilla destroyed the city because they
were fighting.
 compound- complex: Because King Kong mustered all this
strength, he threw a final punch and Godzilla fell.

3. Crafting Coherent Paragraphs
 Paragraphs organize sentences related to the same general
topic. Readers expect every paragraph to be unified—
focusing on a single topic—and coherent—presenting ideas
in a logically connected way.
 the Elements of a Paragraph
1-Topic Sentence
Most effective paragraphs deal with a single topic, and the
sentence that introduces that topic is called the topic
sentence.

4.  Support Sentences
In most paragraphs, the topic sentence needs to be explained, justified,
or extended with one or more support sentences. These sentences must
be related to the topic and provide examples, evidence, and
clarification.
 Transitions
Transitions connect ideas by showing how one thought is related to
another. They also help alert the reader to what lies ahead so that shifts
and changes don’t cause confusion.

5. Characteristics of transition
 Use connecting words. Use words such as and, but, or,
nevertheless, however, and in addition.
 Use a pronoun that refers to a noun used previously.
“Ms. Arthur is the leading candidate for the president’s position. She
has excellent qualifications.”
 Use words that are frequently paired. “The machine
has a minimum output of . . . Its maximum output is .
 Additional detail: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides,
first, second, third, finally
 Comparison: similarly, here again, likewise, in comparison, still

6.  Cause-and-effect relationship: therefore, because,
accordingly, thus, consequently, hence, as a result, so
 Contrast: yet, conversely, whereas, nevertheless, on the
other hand, however, but, nonetheless
 Condition: although, if
 Illustration: for example, in particular, in this case,
for instance.
 Time sequence: formerly, after, when, meanwhile,
sometimes
 Intensification: indeed, in fact, in any event

7.  Summary: in brief, in short, to sum up
 Repetition: that is, in other words, as I mentioned
earlier.