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BUILDING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Management Skills for Success
CREATING A MOTIVATING
WORKPLACE
National Food Service Management Institute
The University of Mississippi
University, Mississippi
www.nfsmi.org
2001
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sincere appreciation is expressed to the following people who contributed their time and
expertise in reviewing the human resource modules during various stages of development.
Dee Baker, Executive Director, Child Nutrition Programs Section
Oklahoma Department of Education, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
David Bowman, Program Administrator, Summer Food Service Program
Nutrition Education Training, Delaware State Department of Education, Dover, Delaware
Carla Broadnax, Associate, Child Nutrition Program Administration
New York State Department of Education, Albany, New York
Barbara Chang, RD, School Lunch Director
Massapequa Schools, Massapequa, New York
Lynne Fellin, School Foodservice and Nutrition Specialist
School Nutrition Programs, Virginia Department of Education, Richmond, Virginia
Mary Jane Getlinger, Program Coordinator, Nutrition Education and School Meal Programs
USDA Food & Nutrition Service, Midwest Regional Office, Chicago, Illinois
Rosie Jackson, Interim Director, Child Nutrition Programs
New Orleans Public Schools, New Orleans, Louisiana
Gail M. Johnson, Administrative Director, Child Nutrition Programs
East Baton Rouge Parish School System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Sandra Kangas, Director, Child and Adult Nutrition Services
Department of Education and Cultural Affairs, Pierre, South Dakota
Linda Miller, RD, Staff Specialist, Nutrition and Transportation Services
Maryland State Department of Education, Baltimore, Maryland
Lorita T. Myles, Director, Child Nutrition Services
Ohio Department of Education, Columbus, Ohio
Peggy Reich, Area Coordinator, Food and Nutrition Service
Cobb County Schools, Kennesaw, Georgia
Cynthia Sevier, Director of Child Nutrition
Stokes County School District, Danbury, North Carolina
Bill West, Regional Consultant
Ohio Department of Education, Columbus, Ohio
iii
PROJECT TEAM
This project was developed under contract between the National Food Service Management
Institute and The Steritech Group, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina.
National Food Service Management Institute
Jane Logan, PhD
Executive Director
Ellen Leppa, MEd, CFCS
Project Coordinator
The Steritech Group, Inc.
Mary Anne Hogue, MS, RD, LDN, FADA
Administrator
Technical Expert and Content Design:
Kathleen Moloney-Tarr
Leadership Dynamics, Charlotte, North Carolina
Nay Malloy Howell
CR8VE Solutions, Charlotte, North Carolina
Pamela Bullard Vaughan
Florence School District One Food Services, Florence, South Carolina
Libby Post, MS, RD, LDN
Rowan/Salisbury Child Nutrition Program, Salisbury, North Carolina
This project has been funded, at least in part, with Federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and
Nutrition Service through a grant agreement with the University of Mississippi. The contents of this publication do
not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade
names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
The University of Mississippi complies with all applicable laws regarding affirmative action and equal opportunity
in all its activities and programs and does not discriminate against anyone protected by law because of age, color,
disability, national origin, race, religion, sex, or status as a veteran or disabled veteran.
iv
INTRODUCTION
The National Food Service Management Institute developed this series of modules on human
resource management to meet a need for relevant materials that would provide directors and supervisors
the tools to teach managers effective management skills. Learning to work with and lead employees is a
never-ending journey. These materials were designed to assist the learner in developing effective people
skills in the Child Nutrition Programs. A task force of state agency personnel, food service directors, and
university faculty identified the topics to include in this resource.
Building Human Resource Management Skills was designed by a team of experienced child
nutrition and adult learning professionals. A group of volunteer reviewers from the task force also made
significant contributions to the development of this project. We are most grateful to them for sharing
their time and expertise.
All of the human resource modules have been approved for continuing education credits by the
American School Food Service Association.
Steps to follow in using materials:
Step 1. Review the entire module and think about its relevance to the participants. There may be
resources within the community that you may want to use to enhance the learning experience. A lesson
plan template has been provided for your use to facilitate teaching the human resource module content.
Step 2. Check the Trainer’s Toolbox section in the modules for a list of materials planned for the
session. The modules may require the use of policies and procedures, job descriptions, form, or standards
specific to Child Nutrition Program personnel.
Step 3. Review the Suggested Time Frames and Comments to determine time allotted for each topic in
the modules.
Step 4. Ensure that the learning environment, media center, classroom, cafeteria, or auditorium is
comfortable for adults and conducive to learning and discussions.
Step 5. The purpose of the videotapes provided in the kits is to model practices, inspire discussion, and
stimulate thoughts about personal practices. Always review videotape at least once before using in class
to be familiar with the content and to determine how to use it with the group. Consider the following
options:
Use the tape to focus on a specific point during the session.
Encourage interaction by showing all or part of the tape, and divide the group into comfortable
discussion groups of no more than 6-7 per group.
The tapes were created to provide real-life practice situations and to precipitate discussion. There are no
right or wrong answers, but better and best ways to handle human relations in Child Nutrition Programs.
v
HUMAN RESOURCE MODULE LESSON PLAN
Date: Module No.:
1.2
Estimated
Time: 2 Hours
Certification
Credits: 2
Category:
U Management Skills for
Success
Module Title:
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Course Title: Building Human
Resource Management Skills
Instructor:
Module Content:
What is to be taught? At the completion of the module, participants will be able to meet the
following objectives:
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
Instructional Aids, Materials, or Tools Needed: Check Trainer’s Tool Box
Instructional Procedures:
ºPersonal Check-In
ºIcebreaker
ºVideo Segment (if applicable)
ºGroup activities and role playing
ºChecking Out
Suggested Readings: Use Suggested Readings to increase knowledge base concerning a given
module topic.
Evaluation Procedures: How the instructor will determine if the material has been learned.
Participants can complete evaluation form included in handout packet.
Notes: Insert notes as to revisions, additions, and deletions. What went wrong/right with the
module lesson plan?
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
1
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Table of Contents
Overview, Objectives, Definitions.......................................................................................2
Suggested Time Frames and Comments..............................................................................3
Outline and Trainers Tactics................................................................................................4
Handouts ............................................................................................................................13
Suggested Readings ...........................................................................................................25
Transparency Masters ........................................................................................................26
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
2
Creating a Motivating Workplace
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Overview
Motivation is not a logical concept; it is based on
the emotions and feelings people have about
themselves, their work and their needs. The
words, motivation and emotion, share the Latin
root motere, "to move." Motivation provides the
urge or impetus to act. Our emotions move us to
pursue our goals and dreams, and our motives
drive our perspective and our actions. When we
create a workplace that motivates, we ensure that
our co-workers and peers receive a sense of
achievement, recognition, responsibility, and the
chance to advance.
Trainer’s Notes
As a facilitator of this
learning process, be
prepared to share your
experiences to clarify
the key learning
points.
Ground Rules
Share from own
experiences.
q Listen to
understand, not to
judge.
q Speak one at a
time.
q Value differences
of opinion,
emotion, or
insight.
q Participate at your
highest level.
q Be concise and to
the point.
q Keep the option to
pass.
Trainer’s Toolbox
Materials:
Flip Chart and Stand
Paper and Markers
Overhead Projector
Transparencies and
Markers
Handouts
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Objectives
At the completion of this module, participants will
be able to:
q Understand the relationships between
emotions, feelings, and motivation.
q Identify motivating factors for employees.
q Describe effective manager actions to create a
motivational workplace.
Definitions
Motivation- the urge to act or do something.
Internal motivation- the motivation that comes
from inside such as the urge to succeed.
External motivation- the motivation that comes
from outside sources.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
3
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Suggested Time Frames and Comments:
Total Time = 2 hours
Topic Comments Time Allotted
Review Purpose
and Objectives
Set the stage by emphasizing key points in the
overview.
2 minutes
Personal Check-
In: My Personal
Motivators
Discuss the variety of motivators; examine ways to
understand motivations of employees.
13 minutes
Icebreaker:
Thinking About
Motivation
Write individually, compare in small groups, share
insights with large group.
50 minutes
(5 groups)
Definitions Review keywords and meanings. 5 minutes
Manager Actions Review, self-assess. 5 minutes
Theory X and
Theory Y
Review differences; highlight importance of beliefs on
actions. Role play exercise.
5 minutes
Meeting Basic
Needs
Explain and discuss; in groups name specific ways to
do each one.
30 minutes
Checking Out Individuals complete action plan. 10 minutes
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
4
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Personal Check-In: My Personal
Motivators
Which of the following are your most
significant motivators?
q I have enough freedom to do it.
q I enjoy it.
q I feel it is important.
q I am expected to do it.
q I have the chance to take on new
responsibility.
q I have a chance to learn and grow by
doing it.
q There is a routine I can depend upon.
q There is variety in methods and
strategies for doing it.
q I feel trusted and respected.
q I receive recognition.
q It is easy.
q It is challenging and out of my
comfort zone.
q I have the skills and abilities it
requires.
q No one else can/will do it.
q Others are doing it.
q I can help plan and create the vision.
q The others involved are competent.
q The leader is competent and
supportive.
Now choose the top three motivators for
you. Is there a motivator that is not
listed?
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Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators
Have participants complete the handout
individually. Then discuss the variety of
motivators and examine ways to understand the
motivations of employees.
Use the handout on page 15.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
5
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Icebreaker: Thinking about
Motivation
Make a list of internal motivators and a
list of external motivators.
Now consider a recent time in your own
life when you really wanted to
accomplish something, be successful, or
learn something new.
q What part of your motivation was
external?
q What part was internal?
q Which one motivated you more,
internal or external factors? Why?
q What emotions or feelings were a
part of your motivation?
q Discuss your responses in small
groups. As a large group, discuss
insights.
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Icebreaker: Thinking about Motivation
Many people believe that external motivators
are the most influential. Help the participants
understand that external motivators help keep
people “on track”; however, without internal
motivation, workers will just “do-the-job”
without the kind of commitment and pleasure
which most organizations and managers want
and need from them.
Invite participants to make a list of internal and
external motivators. Then ask them to consider
their own experience and respond to the
questions on motivation. Ask them to focus on
motivation as it pertains to their work life. For
example, motivation to:
q Work as a team.
q Ensure that food is ready on time.
q Greet customers and make them feel
welcome.
q Complete paperwork correctly and on time.
q Maintain food safety and a clean work
environment.
Then discuss the responses in small groups. As
a large group, identify insights gained from the
small group discussions.
Use the handout on page 16.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
6
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Definitions
Motivation- the urge to act or do
something.
Internal motivation- the motivation that
comes from inside such as the urge to
succeed.
External motivation- the motivation that
comes from outside sources.
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Definitions
Use these definitions as you come to them in
the module. These definitions may be found on
page 14.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
7
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Manager Actions
Internal Motivations
Since internal motivators are the
strongest for most of us, successful
managers provide the best possible
workplace where everyone has the
chance to do satisfying and successful
work. Researchers at the Center for
Creative Leadership report that
managers can improve motivation by
taking the following actions:
q Create an environment where
employees find work they are good
at and like.
q Give each person the tools needed
for the job.
q Offer an opportunity to learn, grow,
and advance.
q Challenge others to do their best.
q Reward efforts equitably.
On a scale of 1-5, how would you rate
your ability to improve motivation in
each of these ways?
Three Questions
When we work with others, each of us
constantly seeks answers to three
questions:
1. Am I in or out?
2. Do I have any influence on the
outcomes?
3. Am I valued for my skills and
abilities?
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Manager Actions
Internal Motivations
Whereas rewards, praise and other external
motivators are helpful in continuing individual
commitment, it is the internal motivation that
impacts us the most. You cannot motivate
other people. But you can create an
environment where they feel valued and where
their self-esteem is handled with care. The only
person you can change is yourself, and as a
manager you have a great opportunity to
examine your actions and attitudes as you
create a motivating workplace.
As managers working to create a workplace that
motivates others to contribute, we can learn a
lot from these questions. Each of us wants to
be able to answer, “I am IN!” “My input
matters!” and “What I bring to this group and
tasks is unique and valuable!” So as managers,
we must learn to make it possible for our peers
and employees to answer this way. To do so
means we must take time to understand why
individuals give their efforts and what
stimulates their actions.
Use the handout on page 17.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
8
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Manager Actions
Six Criteria Employees Use to
Evaluate Managers
Open Communication
Is the needed information
available?
Security
Am I safe from risks or threats?
Management Commitment
Is my manager committed to a
course of action?
Fairness
Am I (and are others) treated
fairly?
Respect
Am I respected as an individual?
Development Opportunities
Can I make a difference and
grow?
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Manager Actions
In his book, Motivating and Rewarding
Employees, Alexander Hiam identifies and
discusses six criteria employees use to evaluate
their managers, work environments,
compensation, and rewards. These criteria are
about manager behaviors. Managers can choose
to change in these areas in order to create a
more inviting workplace. Since the best work
motivation is Internal, attention to these gives
managers the highest possibility of increasing
the satisfaction and effectiveness of employees.
A Child Nutrition Program manager may not be
able to change compensation. However, they
can make a difference in the work environment.
Use the handout on page 18.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
9
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Theory X and Theory Y
If you believe that all individuals want to
be contributing members who gain
personal satisfaction from a job well
done using unique talents and skills, then
you realize that managers make the
difference in creating the best work
environment. To provide such a
workplace, sometimes changes in
attitude and actions must be made by the
manager.
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Theory X and Theory Y
As you think about how you see your
employees, consider two management
approaches discussed by Douglas McGregor in
The Human Side of Enterprise. He describes
Theory X and Theory Y as two very different
ways of believing about how and why people
work.
After discussing Theory X and Theory Y styles
of management, ask employees to role-play
each style. Encourage employees to use
examples from characteristic work experience
in child nutrition by using the situations
provided or designing others.
Use the handout on page 19.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
10
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Reality Practice: Case Studies
Case Study #1
The manager is explaining the new
cleaning schedule to the employees.
Case Study #2
The manager is explaining how to use
the new lower fat recipe file.
Answer the following questions:
1. How did you personally react to the
role-play?
2. What could the manager have done
differently to motivate you?
3. What is the expectation of the
employee(s) based on the manager’s
behavior?
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Reality Practice: Case Studies
Divide participants into small groups (2-3
people). Assign each group to be either Theory
X or Theory Y. Ask participants to role-play
the Theory X or Theory Y management style in
each situation.
Case Study #1
The manager is explaining the new cleaning
schedule to the employees.
Case Study #2
The manager is explaining how to use the new
lower fat recipe file.
After the role-play, ask the participants:
1. How did you personally react to the role-
play?
2. What could the manager have done
differently to motivate you?
3. What is the expectation of the employee(s)
based on the manager’s behavior?
Use the handout on page 20.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
11
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Meeting Basic Needs
Here are some ways to meet the basic
needs of your employees:
q Give confidence
q Give recognition
q Provide delegation
q Provide feedback
q Create a sense of belonging
q Provide opportunity for challenges
q Communicate relevance
q Increase understanding
q Exhibit consistency and integrity
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Meeting Basic Needs
Using the handout as a basis for discussion,
review the nine suggestions. Then break into
small groups to identify specific ways to do
each of these in the workplace. Be ready to
provide a food service related example for each
one to get the groups started. Share with the
large group. If employees in a Child Nutrition
Program have these basic needs met, what is the
expected response? How do you and the
program benefit by employees realizing these
needs?
Use the handout on page 21.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
12
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Outline Trainer’s Tactics
Checking Out
Consider the following questions:
q Which three of the following actions
(open communication, security,
management commitment, fairness,
respect, and development
opportunities) will significantly
improve motivation in your
workplace?
1.
2.
3.
q What specific actions will you take
for each one? How will you
integrate these into your daily or
weekly schedule of work?
q Complete Checking Out: Action
Plan.
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Checking Out
Support participants’ efforts to work through
the questions and to be as specific as possible in
mapping out their integration of new learning.
Ask participants to integrate the concepts of this
module into an action plan. Ask them to
specify personal behavior change and their
expectation of change within the team.
Use the handouts on pages 22 and 23.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
13
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handouts: Table of Contents
Handouts: Table of Contents
q Objectives and Definitions ........................................................................................14
q Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators .........................................................15
q Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation ................................................................16
q Manager Actions ........................................................................................................17
q Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers ................................................18
q Theory X and Theory Y............................................................................................19
q Reality Practice: Case Studies.................................................................................20
q Meeting Basic Needs ..................................................................................................21
q Checking Out..............................................................................................................22
q Checking Out: Action Plan ......................................................................................23
q Evaluation Form ........................................................................................................24
q Suggested Readings....................................................................................................25
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
14
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Objectives and Definitions
Objectives
At the completion of this module, participants will be able to:
q Understand the relationships between emotions, feelings, and motivation.
q Identify motivating factors for employees.
q Describe effective manager actions to create a motivational workplace.
Definitions
Motivation- the urge to act or do something.
Internal motivation- the motivation that comes from inside such as the urge to succeed.
External motivation- the motivation that comes from outside sources.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
15
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators
Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators
q In column A, check off the items below which are your most significant motivators.
A B Motivating Factors
I have enough freedom to do it.
I enjoy it.
I feel it is important.
I am expected to do it.
I have the chance to take on new responsibility.
I have a chance to learn and grow by doing it.
There is a routine I can depend upon.
There is variety in methods and strategies for doing it.
I feel trusted and respected.
I receive recognition.
It is easy.
It is challenging and out of my comfort zone.
I have the skills and abilities it requires.
No one else can/will do it.
Others are doing it.
I can help plan and create the vision.
The others involved are competent.
The leader is competent and supportive.
q Now, in column B select the top three motivators for you.
q Note: You may want to offer your employees the opportunity to respond to the same
inventory and talk together about the responses or create a chart with the tally of everyone’s
responses.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
16
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation
Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation
Make a list of internal motivators and a list of external motivators.
Internal Motivators External Motivators
Now consider a recent time in your own life when you really wanted to accomplish something,
be successful, or learn something new.
q What part of your motivation was external?
q What part was internal?
q Which one motivated you more, internal or external factors? Why?
q What emotions or feelings were a part of your motivation?
q Discuss your responses in small groups. As a large group, discuss insights.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
17
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Manager Actions
Manager Actions
Internal Motivators
Since internal motivators are the strongest for most of us, successful managers provide the best
possible workplace where everyone has the chance to do satisfying and successful work.
Researchers at the Center for Creative Leadership report that managers can improve motivation
by taking the following actions:
q Create an environment where employees find work they are good at and like.
q Give each person the tools needed for the job.
q Offer an opportunity to learn, grow, and advance.
q Challenge others to do their best.
q Reward efforts equitably.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
18
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers
Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers
On a scale of 1-5 (with 5 being the highest), how would you rate your ability to improve
motivation in each of these ways?
Criteria Definition of Criteria Rating
Open Communication Is the needed information available? ______
Security Am I safe from risks or threats? ______
Management Commitment Is my manager committed to a course
of action? ______
Fairness Am I (and are others) treated fairly? ______
Respect Am I respected as an individual? ______
Development Opportunities Can I make a difference and grow? ______
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
19
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X and Theory Y
If you believe that all individuals want to be contributing members who gain personal
satisfaction from a job well done using unique talents and skills, then you realize that managers
make the difference in creating the best work environment. To provide such a workplace,
sometimes changes in attitude and actions must be made by the manager. As you think about
how you see your employees, consider Theory X and Theory Y - two very different ways to
think about how and why people work.
Theory X
Managers believe most people:
Theory Y
Managers believe most people:
q Dislike work q Like satisfying work
q Lack ambition q Are capable of directing their own efforts
toward goals
q Have no wish for responsibility q Want to do a good job
q Prefer to be told what to do q Can be self-directed
q Are not creative in solving problems q Have the capacity and creativity for solving
organizational problems
q Want safety q Want satisfying work
so managers must . . . so managers must . . .
q Design exactly what must be done q Communicate information down
q Tell workers exactly what they must
do
q Explain reasons why things should be done
q Closely control or watch them to be
sure they comply
q Assume workers have an interest and
willingness to do the work
q Build a top-heavy organizationwith
managers to plan, organize, and
police
q Spend time discussing problems and asking
for ideas and suggestions
Theory X and Theory Y reflect managers, not workers. Managers act out of what they believe
about workers. How would you act differently if you really believed all your employees wanted
to work and be successful?
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
20
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Reality Practice: Case Studies
Reality Practice: Case Studies
Case Study #1
The manager is explaining the new cleaning schedule to the employees.
1. How did you personally react to the role-play?
2. What could the manager have done differently to motivate you?
3. What is the expectation of the employee(s) based on the manager’s behavior?
Case Study #2
The manager is explaining how to use the new lower fat recipe file.
1. How did you personally react to the role-play?
2. What could the manager have done differently to motivate you?
3. What is the expectation of the employee(s) based on the manager’s behavior?
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
21
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Meeting Basic Needs
Meeting Basic Needs
To increase motivation of employees, be sure that as the manager you meet the basic needs we
all have about our work tasks, our self-assurance, and our job satisfaction.
Basic Needs What it Means What it Means in Your
Operation
Give confidence Be trusting in creating work
assignments with clear results.
Give recognition When efforts are made, acknowledge
them and value the individual who did
the work or offered the ideas.
Provide delegation With clear guidelines, purposes, and
accountabilities, success is made
possible.
Provide feedback Ask for thoughts and ideas as well as
progress reports. Monitor how
employees are doing on projects.
Create a sense of
belonging
Help employees feel a part of
something larger which supports their
individual identity.
Provide opportunity for
challenges
Give tasks or challenges which
encourage creativity and discovery and
provide satisfaction.
Communicate
relevance
Give information about purpose,
importance, and relevance to larger
goals.
Increase understanding Provide a variety of people, tasks, and
experiences to give different and
expanded perspectives on the work,
processes, and relationships at work.
Exhibit consistency and
integrity
With enthusiastic fairness and skill,
provide employees with confidence in
your support for and satisfaction with
their successes.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
22
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Checking Out
Checking Out
Consider the following questions:
q Which three of the following actions (open communication, security, management
commitment, fairness, respect, and development opportunities) will significantly improve
motivation in your workplace?
1.
2.
3.
q What specific actions will you take for each one? How will you integrate these into your
daily or weekly schedule of work?
Criteria Action Steps
q Example: Security Eliminate any hidden threats from conversation with
employees. Work one-on-one to change employee
behavior instead of reprimanding total staff. Keep
employees informed as to information pertaining to the
Child Nutrition Program.
q
q
q
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
23
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Checking Out: Action Plan
Checking Out: Action Plan
Develop an action plan for motivating each of your employees.
Employee Name Motivator Planned Action
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
24
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Evaluation Form
Please check the response below that best describes your feelings about this program:
Question Agree Unsure Disagree Comments
1. Topic is of interest to
me as a manager.
2. Topic is important to
my job.
3. Content is useful in
my job as a manager.
4. Handouts help me
understand the topic
better.
5. List one or more things you can do to motivate employees after attending this in-service:
6. My supervisor can help me motivate employees in my workplace by:
General Comments:
Thank you for taking the time to complete the evaluation form. Have a great day!
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
25
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Handout: Suggested Readings
Suggested Readings
Belasco, J. A. (1990). Teaching the elephant to dance: empowering change in your
organization. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc..
Bryner, A. & Markova, D. (1996). An unused intelligence: physical thinking for the 21st
century. Berkley: Conari Press.
Fournies, F. (1987). Coaching for improved work performance. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Goldman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
Hale, R. L. & Machling, R. F. (1992). Recognition redefined: building self-esteem at work.
Minnesota: Tennant Company.
Hiam, A. (1999). Motivating and rewarding employees. Holbrook, MA: Adams Media.
Klein, E. and Izzo, J. B. (1998). Awakening the corporate soul. Canada: Fairwinds Press.
McGregor, D. (1985).The human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher
Education.
Miller, J. B. (1993). The corporate coach. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Morrison, E. K. (1994). Leadership skills: developing volunteers for organizational success.
Tucson, AZ: Fisher Books.
Senge, P., Kleiner, A., Roberts, C., Ross, R., Roth, G., & Smith. B. (1999). The dance of
change. New York: Currency Doubleday.
Wheatley, M. and Kellner-Rogers, M. (1996). A simpler way. San Francisco: Berrett-
Koehler Publishers, Inc.
Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute
26
Creating a Motivating Workplace
Transparency Masters
Transparency Masters
Transparencies are available in two formats. Landscape formatted
transparencies are provided using Microsoft WordTM
. A PowerPointTM
presentation format is also available.
1. Objectives
2. Definitions
3. Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators
4. Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators
5. Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation
6. Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation
7. Manager Actions
8. Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers
9. Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers
10. Theory X
11. Theory Y
12. Reality Practice: Case Study #1
13. Reality Practice: Case Study #2
14. Meeting Basic Needs
15. Meeting Basic Needs
16. Meeting Basic Needs
17. Checking Out
18. Checking Out
19. Checking Out: Action Plan

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Creating a Motivating Workplace.pdfCreating a Motivating Workplace.pdf

  • 1. BUILDING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SKILLS Management Skills for Success CREATING A MOTIVATING WORKPLACE National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi www.nfsmi.org 2001
  • 2. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere appreciation is expressed to the following people who contributed their time and expertise in reviewing the human resource modules during various stages of development. Dee Baker, Executive Director, Child Nutrition Programs Section Oklahoma Department of Education, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma David Bowman, Program Administrator, Summer Food Service Program Nutrition Education Training, Delaware State Department of Education, Dover, Delaware Carla Broadnax, Associate, Child Nutrition Program Administration New York State Department of Education, Albany, New York Barbara Chang, RD, School Lunch Director Massapequa Schools, Massapequa, New York Lynne Fellin, School Foodservice and Nutrition Specialist School Nutrition Programs, Virginia Department of Education, Richmond, Virginia Mary Jane Getlinger, Program Coordinator, Nutrition Education and School Meal Programs USDA Food & Nutrition Service, Midwest Regional Office, Chicago, Illinois Rosie Jackson, Interim Director, Child Nutrition Programs New Orleans Public Schools, New Orleans, Louisiana Gail M. Johnson, Administrative Director, Child Nutrition Programs East Baton Rouge Parish School System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Sandra Kangas, Director, Child and Adult Nutrition Services Department of Education and Cultural Affairs, Pierre, South Dakota Linda Miller, RD, Staff Specialist, Nutrition and Transportation Services Maryland State Department of Education, Baltimore, Maryland Lorita T. Myles, Director, Child Nutrition Services Ohio Department of Education, Columbus, Ohio Peggy Reich, Area Coordinator, Food and Nutrition Service Cobb County Schools, Kennesaw, Georgia Cynthia Sevier, Director of Child Nutrition Stokes County School District, Danbury, North Carolina Bill West, Regional Consultant Ohio Department of Education, Columbus, Ohio
  • 3. iii PROJECT TEAM This project was developed under contract between the National Food Service Management Institute and The Steritech Group, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina. National Food Service Management Institute Jane Logan, PhD Executive Director Ellen Leppa, MEd, CFCS Project Coordinator The Steritech Group, Inc. Mary Anne Hogue, MS, RD, LDN, FADA Administrator Technical Expert and Content Design: Kathleen Moloney-Tarr Leadership Dynamics, Charlotte, North Carolina Nay Malloy Howell CR8VE Solutions, Charlotte, North Carolina Pamela Bullard Vaughan Florence School District One Food Services, Florence, South Carolina Libby Post, MS, RD, LDN Rowan/Salisbury Child Nutrition Program, Salisbury, North Carolina This project has been funded, at least in part, with Federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service through a grant agreement with the University of Mississippi. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The University of Mississippi complies with all applicable laws regarding affirmative action and equal opportunity in all its activities and programs and does not discriminate against anyone protected by law because of age, color, disability, national origin, race, religion, sex, or status as a veteran or disabled veteran.
  • 4. iv INTRODUCTION The National Food Service Management Institute developed this series of modules on human resource management to meet a need for relevant materials that would provide directors and supervisors the tools to teach managers effective management skills. Learning to work with and lead employees is a never-ending journey. These materials were designed to assist the learner in developing effective people skills in the Child Nutrition Programs. A task force of state agency personnel, food service directors, and university faculty identified the topics to include in this resource. Building Human Resource Management Skills was designed by a team of experienced child nutrition and adult learning professionals. A group of volunteer reviewers from the task force also made significant contributions to the development of this project. We are most grateful to them for sharing their time and expertise. All of the human resource modules have been approved for continuing education credits by the American School Food Service Association. Steps to follow in using materials: Step 1. Review the entire module and think about its relevance to the participants. There may be resources within the community that you may want to use to enhance the learning experience. A lesson plan template has been provided for your use to facilitate teaching the human resource module content. Step 2. Check the Trainer’s Toolbox section in the modules for a list of materials planned for the session. The modules may require the use of policies and procedures, job descriptions, form, or standards specific to Child Nutrition Program personnel. Step 3. Review the Suggested Time Frames and Comments to determine time allotted for each topic in the modules. Step 4. Ensure that the learning environment, media center, classroom, cafeteria, or auditorium is comfortable for adults and conducive to learning and discussions. Step 5. The purpose of the videotapes provided in the kits is to model practices, inspire discussion, and stimulate thoughts about personal practices. Always review videotape at least once before using in class to be familiar with the content and to determine how to use it with the group. Consider the following options: Use the tape to focus on a specific point during the session. Encourage interaction by showing all or part of the tape, and divide the group into comfortable discussion groups of no more than 6-7 per group. The tapes were created to provide real-life practice situations and to precipitate discussion. There are no right or wrong answers, but better and best ways to handle human relations in Child Nutrition Programs.
  • 5. v HUMAN RESOURCE MODULE LESSON PLAN Date: Module No.: 1.2 Estimated Time: 2 Hours Certification Credits: 2 Category: U Management Skills for Success Module Title: Creating a Motivating Workplace Course Title: Building Human Resource Management Skills Instructor: Module Content: What is to be taught? At the completion of the module, participants will be able to meet the following objectives: 1. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________ Instructional Aids, Materials, or Tools Needed: Check Trainer’s Tool Box Instructional Procedures: ºPersonal Check-In ºIcebreaker ºVideo Segment (if applicable) ºGroup activities and role playing ºChecking Out Suggested Readings: Use Suggested Readings to increase knowledge base concerning a given module topic. Evaluation Procedures: How the instructor will determine if the material has been learned. Participants can complete evaluation form included in handout packet. Notes: Insert notes as to revisions, additions, and deletions. What went wrong/right with the module lesson plan?
  • 6. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 1 Creating a Motivating Workplace Table of Contents Overview, Objectives, Definitions.......................................................................................2 Suggested Time Frames and Comments..............................................................................3 Outline and Trainers Tactics................................................................................................4 Handouts ............................................................................................................................13 Suggested Readings ...........................................................................................................25 Transparency Masters ........................................................................................................26
  • 7. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 2 Creating a Motivating Workplace • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Overview Motivation is not a logical concept; it is based on the emotions and feelings people have about themselves, their work and their needs. The words, motivation and emotion, share the Latin root motere, "to move." Motivation provides the urge or impetus to act. Our emotions move us to pursue our goals and dreams, and our motives drive our perspective and our actions. When we create a workplace that motivates, we ensure that our co-workers and peers receive a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, and the chance to advance. Trainer’s Notes As a facilitator of this learning process, be prepared to share your experiences to clarify the key learning points. Ground Rules Share from own experiences. q Listen to understand, not to judge. q Speak one at a time. q Value differences of opinion, emotion, or insight. q Participate at your highest level. q Be concise and to the point. q Keep the option to pass. Trainer’s Toolbox Materials: Flip Chart and Stand Paper and Markers Overhead Projector Transparencies and Markers Handouts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Objectives At the completion of this module, participants will be able to: q Understand the relationships between emotions, feelings, and motivation. q Identify motivating factors for employees. q Describe effective manager actions to create a motivational workplace. Definitions Motivation- the urge to act or do something. Internal motivation- the motivation that comes from inside such as the urge to succeed. External motivation- the motivation that comes from outside sources.
  • 8. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 3 Creating a Motivating Workplace Suggested Time Frames and Comments: Total Time = 2 hours Topic Comments Time Allotted Review Purpose and Objectives Set the stage by emphasizing key points in the overview. 2 minutes Personal Check- In: My Personal Motivators Discuss the variety of motivators; examine ways to understand motivations of employees. 13 minutes Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation Write individually, compare in small groups, share insights with large group. 50 minutes (5 groups) Definitions Review keywords and meanings. 5 minutes Manager Actions Review, self-assess. 5 minutes Theory X and Theory Y Review differences; highlight importance of beliefs on actions. Role play exercise. 5 minutes Meeting Basic Needs Explain and discuss; in groups name specific ways to do each one. 30 minutes Checking Out Individuals complete action plan. 10 minutes
  • 9. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 4 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators Which of the following are your most significant motivators? q I have enough freedom to do it. q I enjoy it. q I feel it is important. q I am expected to do it. q I have the chance to take on new responsibility. q I have a chance to learn and grow by doing it. q There is a routine I can depend upon. q There is variety in methods and strategies for doing it. q I feel trusted and respected. q I receive recognition. q It is easy. q It is challenging and out of my comfort zone. q I have the skills and abilities it requires. q No one else can/will do it. q Others are doing it. q I can help plan and create the vision. q The others involved are competent. q The leader is competent and supportive. Now choose the top three motivators for you. Is there a motivator that is not listed? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators Have participants complete the handout individually. Then discuss the variety of motivators and examine ways to understand the motivations of employees. Use the handout on page 15.
  • 10. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 5 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Icebreaker: Thinking about Motivation Make a list of internal motivators and a list of external motivators. Now consider a recent time in your own life when you really wanted to accomplish something, be successful, or learn something new. q What part of your motivation was external? q What part was internal? q Which one motivated you more, internal or external factors? Why? q What emotions or feelings were a part of your motivation? q Discuss your responses in small groups. As a large group, discuss insights. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Icebreaker: Thinking about Motivation Many people believe that external motivators are the most influential. Help the participants understand that external motivators help keep people “on track”; however, without internal motivation, workers will just “do-the-job” without the kind of commitment and pleasure which most organizations and managers want and need from them. Invite participants to make a list of internal and external motivators. Then ask them to consider their own experience and respond to the questions on motivation. Ask them to focus on motivation as it pertains to their work life. For example, motivation to: q Work as a team. q Ensure that food is ready on time. q Greet customers and make them feel welcome. q Complete paperwork correctly and on time. q Maintain food safety and a clean work environment. Then discuss the responses in small groups. As a large group, identify insights gained from the small group discussions. Use the handout on page 16.
  • 11. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 6 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Definitions Motivation- the urge to act or do something. Internal motivation- the motivation that comes from inside such as the urge to succeed. External motivation- the motivation that comes from outside sources. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Definitions Use these definitions as you come to them in the module. These definitions may be found on page 14.
  • 12. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 7 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Manager Actions Internal Motivations Since internal motivators are the strongest for most of us, successful managers provide the best possible workplace where everyone has the chance to do satisfying and successful work. Researchers at the Center for Creative Leadership report that managers can improve motivation by taking the following actions: q Create an environment where employees find work they are good at and like. q Give each person the tools needed for the job. q Offer an opportunity to learn, grow, and advance. q Challenge others to do their best. q Reward efforts equitably. On a scale of 1-5, how would you rate your ability to improve motivation in each of these ways? Three Questions When we work with others, each of us constantly seeks answers to three questions: 1. Am I in or out? 2. Do I have any influence on the outcomes? 3. Am I valued for my skills and abilities? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Manager Actions Internal Motivations Whereas rewards, praise and other external motivators are helpful in continuing individual commitment, it is the internal motivation that impacts us the most. You cannot motivate other people. But you can create an environment where they feel valued and where their self-esteem is handled with care. The only person you can change is yourself, and as a manager you have a great opportunity to examine your actions and attitudes as you create a motivating workplace. As managers working to create a workplace that motivates others to contribute, we can learn a lot from these questions. Each of us wants to be able to answer, “I am IN!” “My input matters!” and “What I bring to this group and tasks is unique and valuable!” So as managers, we must learn to make it possible for our peers and employees to answer this way. To do so means we must take time to understand why individuals give their efforts and what stimulates their actions. Use the handout on page 17.
  • 13. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 8 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Manager Actions Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers Open Communication Is the needed information available? Security Am I safe from risks or threats? Management Commitment Is my manager committed to a course of action? Fairness Am I (and are others) treated fairly? Respect Am I respected as an individual? Development Opportunities Can I make a difference and grow? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Manager Actions In his book, Motivating and Rewarding Employees, Alexander Hiam identifies and discusses six criteria employees use to evaluate their managers, work environments, compensation, and rewards. These criteria are about manager behaviors. Managers can choose to change in these areas in order to create a more inviting workplace. Since the best work motivation is Internal, attention to these gives managers the highest possibility of increasing the satisfaction and effectiveness of employees. A Child Nutrition Program manager may not be able to change compensation. However, they can make a difference in the work environment. Use the handout on page 18.
  • 14. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 9 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Theory X and Theory Y If you believe that all individuals want to be contributing members who gain personal satisfaction from a job well done using unique talents and skills, then you realize that managers make the difference in creating the best work environment. To provide such a workplace, sometimes changes in attitude and actions must be made by the manager. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Theory X and Theory Y As you think about how you see your employees, consider two management approaches discussed by Douglas McGregor in The Human Side of Enterprise. He describes Theory X and Theory Y as two very different ways of believing about how and why people work. After discussing Theory X and Theory Y styles of management, ask employees to role-play each style. Encourage employees to use examples from characteristic work experience in child nutrition by using the situations provided or designing others. Use the handout on page 19.
  • 15. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 10 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Reality Practice: Case Studies Case Study #1 The manager is explaining the new cleaning schedule to the employees. Case Study #2 The manager is explaining how to use the new lower fat recipe file. Answer the following questions: 1. How did you personally react to the role-play? 2. What could the manager have done differently to motivate you? 3. What is the expectation of the employee(s) based on the manager’s behavior? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Reality Practice: Case Studies Divide participants into small groups (2-3 people). Assign each group to be either Theory X or Theory Y. Ask participants to role-play the Theory X or Theory Y management style in each situation. Case Study #1 The manager is explaining the new cleaning schedule to the employees. Case Study #2 The manager is explaining how to use the new lower fat recipe file. After the role-play, ask the participants: 1. How did you personally react to the role- play? 2. What could the manager have done differently to motivate you? 3. What is the expectation of the employee(s) based on the manager’s behavior? Use the handout on page 20.
  • 16. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 11 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Meeting Basic Needs Here are some ways to meet the basic needs of your employees: q Give confidence q Give recognition q Provide delegation q Provide feedback q Create a sense of belonging q Provide opportunity for challenges q Communicate relevance q Increase understanding q Exhibit consistency and integrity • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Meeting Basic Needs Using the handout as a basis for discussion, review the nine suggestions. Then break into small groups to identify specific ways to do each of these in the workplace. Be ready to provide a food service related example for each one to get the groups started. Share with the large group. If employees in a Child Nutrition Program have these basic needs met, what is the expected response? How do you and the program benefit by employees realizing these needs? Use the handout on page 21.
  • 17. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 12 Creating a Motivating Workplace Outline Trainer’s Tactics Checking Out Consider the following questions: q Which three of the following actions (open communication, security, management commitment, fairness, respect, and development opportunities) will significantly improve motivation in your workplace? 1. 2. 3. q What specific actions will you take for each one? How will you integrate these into your daily or weekly schedule of work? q Complete Checking Out: Action Plan. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Checking Out Support participants’ efforts to work through the questions and to be as specific as possible in mapping out their integration of new learning. Ask participants to integrate the concepts of this module into an action plan. Ask them to specify personal behavior change and their expectation of change within the team. Use the handouts on pages 22 and 23.
  • 18. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 13 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handouts: Table of Contents Handouts: Table of Contents q Objectives and Definitions ........................................................................................14 q Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators .........................................................15 q Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation ................................................................16 q Manager Actions ........................................................................................................17 q Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers ................................................18 q Theory X and Theory Y............................................................................................19 q Reality Practice: Case Studies.................................................................................20 q Meeting Basic Needs ..................................................................................................21 q Checking Out..............................................................................................................22 q Checking Out: Action Plan ......................................................................................23 q Evaluation Form ........................................................................................................24 q Suggested Readings....................................................................................................25
  • 19. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 14 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Objectives and Definitions Objectives At the completion of this module, participants will be able to: q Understand the relationships between emotions, feelings, and motivation. q Identify motivating factors for employees. q Describe effective manager actions to create a motivational workplace. Definitions Motivation- the urge to act or do something. Internal motivation- the motivation that comes from inside such as the urge to succeed. External motivation- the motivation that comes from outside sources.
  • 20. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 15 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators q In column A, check off the items below which are your most significant motivators. A B Motivating Factors I have enough freedom to do it. I enjoy it. I feel it is important. I am expected to do it. I have the chance to take on new responsibility. I have a chance to learn and grow by doing it. There is a routine I can depend upon. There is variety in methods and strategies for doing it. I feel trusted and respected. I receive recognition. It is easy. It is challenging and out of my comfort zone. I have the skills and abilities it requires. No one else can/will do it. Others are doing it. I can help plan and create the vision. The others involved are competent. The leader is competent and supportive. q Now, in column B select the top three motivators for you. q Note: You may want to offer your employees the opportunity to respond to the same inventory and talk together about the responses or create a chart with the tally of everyone’s responses.
  • 21. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 16 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation Make a list of internal motivators and a list of external motivators. Internal Motivators External Motivators Now consider a recent time in your own life when you really wanted to accomplish something, be successful, or learn something new. q What part of your motivation was external? q What part was internal? q Which one motivated you more, internal or external factors? Why? q What emotions or feelings were a part of your motivation? q Discuss your responses in small groups. As a large group, discuss insights.
  • 22. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 17 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Manager Actions Manager Actions Internal Motivators Since internal motivators are the strongest for most of us, successful managers provide the best possible workplace where everyone has the chance to do satisfying and successful work. Researchers at the Center for Creative Leadership report that managers can improve motivation by taking the following actions: q Create an environment where employees find work they are good at and like. q Give each person the tools needed for the job. q Offer an opportunity to learn, grow, and advance. q Challenge others to do their best. q Reward efforts equitably.
  • 23. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 18 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers On a scale of 1-5 (with 5 being the highest), how would you rate your ability to improve motivation in each of these ways? Criteria Definition of Criteria Rating Open Communication Is the needed information available? ______ Security Am I safe from risks or threats? ______ Management Commitment Is my manager committed to a course of action? ______ Fairness Am I (and are others) treated fairly? ______ Respect Am I respected as an individual? ______ Development Opportunities Can I make a difference and grow? ______
  • 24. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 19 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Theory X and Theory Y Theory X and Theory Y If you believe that all individuals want to be contributing members who gain personal satisfaction from a job well done using unique talents and skills, then you realize that managers make the difference in creating the best work environment. To provide such a workplace, sometimes changes in attitude and actions must be made by the manager. As you think about how you see your employees, consider Theory X and Theory Y - two very different ways to think about how and why people work. Theory X Managers believe most people: Theory Y Managers believe most people: q Dislike work q Like satisfying work q Lack ambition q Are capable of directing their own efforts toward goals q Have no wish for responsibility q Want to do a good job q Prefer to be told what to do q Can be self-directed q Are not creative in solving problems q Have the capacity and creativity for solving organizational problems q Want safety q Want satisfying work so managers must . . . so managers must . . . q Design exactly what must be done q Communicate information down q Tell workers exactly what they must do q Explain reasons why things should be done q Closely control or watch them to be sure they comply q Assume workers have an interest and willingness to do the work q Build a top-heavy organizationwith managers to plan, organize, and police q Spend time discussing problems and asking for ideas and suggestions Theory X and Theory Y reflect managers, not workers. Managers act out of what they believe about workers. How would you act differently if you really believed all your employees wanted to work and be successful?
  • 25. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 20 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Reality Practice: Case Studies Reality Practice: Case Studies Case Study #1 The manager is explaining the new cleaning schedule to the employees. 1. How did you personally react to the role-play? 2. What could the manager have done differently to motivate you? 3. What is the expectation of the employee(s) based on the manager’s behavior? Case Study #2 The manager is explaining how to use the new lower fat recipe file. 1. How did you personally react to the role-play? 2. What could the manager have done differently to motivate you? 3. What is the expectation of the employee(s) based on the manager’s behavior?
  • 26. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 21 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Meeting Basic Needs Meeting Basic Needs To increase motivation of employees, be sure that as the manager you meet the basic needs we all have about our work tasks, our self-assurance, and our job satisfaction. Basic Needs What it Means What it Means in Your Operation Give confidence Be trusting in creating work assignments with clear results. Give recognition When efforts are made, acknowledge them and value the individual who did the work or offered the ideas. Provide delegation With clear guidelines, purposes, and accountabilities, success is made possible. Provide feedback Ask for thoughts and ideas as well as progress reports. Monitor how employees are doing on projects. Create a sense of belonging Help employees feel a part of something larger which supports their individual identity. Provide opportunity for challenges Give tasks or challenges which encourage creativity and discovery and provide satisfaction. Communicate relevance Give information about purpose, importance, and relevance to larger goals. Increase understanding Provide a variety of people, tasks, and experiences to give different and expanded perspectives on the work, processes, and relationships at work. Exhibit consistency and integrity With enthusiastic fairness and skill, provide employees with confidence in your support for and satisfaction with their successes.
  • 27. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 22 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Checking Out Checking Out Consider the following questions: q Which three of the following actions (open communication, security, management commitment, fairness, respect, and development opportunities) will significantly improve motivation in your workplace? 1. 2. 3. q What specific actions will you take for each one? How will you integrate these into your daily or weekly schedule of work? Criteria Action Steps q Example: Security Eliminate any hidden threats from conversation with employees. Work one-on-one to change employee behavior instead of reprimanding total staff. Keep employees informed as to information pertaining to the Child Nutrition Program. q q q
  • 28. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 23 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Checking Out: Action Plan Checking Out: Action Plan Develop an action plan for motivating each of your employees. Employee Name Motivator Planned Action
  • 29. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 24 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Evaluation Form Please check the response below that best describes your feelings about this program: Question Agree Unsure Disagree Comments 1. Topic is of interest to me as a manager. 2. Topic is important to my job. 3. Content is useful in my job as a manager. 4. Handouts help me understand the topic better. 5. List one or more things you can do to motivate employees after attending this in-service: 6. My supervisor can help me motivate employees in my workplace by: General Comments: Thank you for taking the time to complete the evaluation form. Have a great day!
  • 30. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 25 Creating a Motivating Workplace Handout: Suggested Readings Suggested Readings Belasco, J. A. (1990). Teaching the elephant to dance: empowering change in your organization. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc.. Bryner, A. & Markova, D. (1996). An unused intelligence: physical thinking for the 21st century. Berkley: Conari Press. Fournies, F. (1987). Coaching for improved work performance. New York: McGraw-Hill. Goldman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Hale, R. L. & Machling, R. F. (1992). Recognition redefined: building self-esteem at work. Minnesota: Tennant Company. Hiam, A. (1999). Motivating and rewarding employees. Holbrook, MA: Adams Media. Klein, E. and Izzo, J. B. (1998). Awakening the corporate soul. Canada: Fairwinds Press. McGregor, D. (1985).The human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Miller, J. B. (1993). The corporate coach. New York: St. Martin's Press. Morrison, E. K. (1994). Leadership skills: developing volunteers for organizational success. Tucson, AZ: Fisher Books. Senge, P., Kleiner, A., Roberts, C., Ross, R., Roth, G., & Smith. B. (1999). The dance of change. New York: Currency Doubleday. Wheatley, M. and Kellner-Rogers, M. (1996). A simpler way. San Francisco: Berrett- Koehler Publishers, Inc.
  • 31. Building Human Resource Management Skills National Food Service Management Institute 26 Creating a Motivating Workplace Transparency Masters Transparency Masters Transparencies are available in two formats. Landscape formatted transparencies are provided using Microsoft WordTM . A PowerPointTM presentation format is also available. 1. Objectives 2. Definitions 3. Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators 4. Personal Check-In: My Personal Motivators 5. Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation 6. Icebreaker: Thinking About Motivation 7. Manager Actions 8. Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers 9. Six Criteria Employees Use to Evaluate Managers 10. Theory X 11. Theory Y 12. Reality Practice: Case Study #1 13. Reality Practice: Case Study #2 14. Meeting Basic Needs 15. Meeting Basic Needs 16. Meeting Basic Needs 17. Checking Out 18. Checking Out 19. Checking Out: Action Plan