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Crafting Rich Web
Experiences
Designing Web Interfaces: Principles & patterns for rich interfaces




                                                                        Bill Scott
                                                         Director, UI Engineering
background
background
background
6 principles for Crafting Rich Web Experiences

make it direct
keep it lightweight
stay on the page
provide invitations
use transitions
react immediately
make it direct
make it direct


Allow input wherever you have output
Shorten the length of interaction
Make objects directly actionable
make it direct


Allow input wherever you have output
Shorten the length of interaction
Make objects directly actionable
make it direct


Allow input wherever you have output
Shorten the length of interaction
Make objects directly actionable
make it direct


inline editing




                 Yahoo! Bookmarks
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                  facebook. prompt-based invitation
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                  facebook. prompt-based invitation
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                                             facebook. prompt-based invitation




                  disqus. explicit “edit” invitation
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                                                facebook. prompt-based invitation




                     disqus. explicit “edit” invitation




                  Y!photo. implicit
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                                                facebook. prompt-based invitation




                     disqus. explicit “edit” invitation




                  Y!photo. implicit
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                                                facebook. prompt-based invitation




                     disqus. explicit “edit” invitation




                  Y!photo. implicit
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                                                facebook. prompt-based invitation




                     disqus. explicit “edit” invitation




                  Y!photo. implicit
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                                                facebook. prompt-based invitation




                     disqus. explicit “edit” invitation




                  Y!photo. implicit
make it direct. inline editing


discoverability
invitations
                                                facebook. prompt-based invitation




                     disqus. explicit “edit” invitation




                  Y!photo. implicit                               flickr. on hover
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes




                  backpackit. complex inline editing
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes




                  backpackit. complex inline editing
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes




                  backpackit. complex inline editing
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes




                  backpackit. complex inline editing
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes




                               backpackit. complex inline editing




                  Yahoo! 360 blast. blending display & edit modes
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes




                               backpackit. complex inline editing




                  Yahoo! 360 blast. blending display & edit modes
make it direct. inline editing


considerations
complex editing
blending modes




                               backpackit. complex inline editing




                  Yahoo! 360 blast. blending display & edit modes
make it direct. inline editing


accessibility
make it direct. inline editing


accessibility




                flickr. alternate edit path
make it direct. inline editing


accessibility




                flickr. alternate edit path
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability   basecamp. symmetry of interaction
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability   basecamp. symmetry of interaction
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability   basecamp. symmetry of interaction
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability   basecamp. symmetry of interaction
make it direct. inline editing


group editing
symmetry of interaction
discoverability vs readability




     iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability           basecamp. symmetry of interaction


                     “If readability is more important than editing
                           then keep the editing action hidden
                       until the user interacts with the content.”
make it direct


drag and drop




                My Yahoo! drag and drop
make it direct. drag and drop


Take care of the interesting moments
make it direct. drag and drop


Take care of the interesting moments
make it direct. drag and drop




          discoverability
             hover invitation
        interesting moments
 activation on mouse down
   tip during alternate path
additional visual affordances
make it direct. drag and drop




          discoverability
             hover invitation
        interesting moments
 activation on mouse down
   tip during alternate path
additional visual affordances




      netflix. few hints.
make it direct. drag and drop




                                                              discoverability
                                                                 hover invitation
                                                            interesting moments
                                                     activation on mouse down
                                                       tip during alternate path
                                                    additional visual affordances


yahoo! teachers. hints during interesting moments




                                                          netflix. few hints.
make it direct. drag and drop




                       drag and drop
       Not for simply setting an attribute
Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
make it direct. drag and drop
anti-pattern. artificial construct




                                                           drag and drop
                                           Not for simply setting an attribute
                                    Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
make it direct. drag and drop
anti-pattern. artificial construct




                                                           drag and drop
                                           Not for simply setting an attribute
                                    Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
make it direct. drag and drop
anti-pattern. artificial construct




                                                           drag and drop
                                           Not for simply setting an attribute
                                    Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
keep it lightweight
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action




       Key to digg’s
      early success -
        Kevin Rose
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action




                       the gap. remembered collections
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action                                     y! news, netflix. rating an object




                       the gap. remembered collections
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action                                     y! news, netflix. rating an object




                       the gap. remembered collections
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action                                     y! news, netflix. rating an object




                       the gap. remembered collections
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action                                     y! news, netflix. rating an object




                       the gap. remembered collections




                                                         y! movies, y! answers. rating an object
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action                                        y! news, netflix. rating an object




                          the gap. remembered collections




flickr. in-context tools                                     y! movies, y! answers. rating an object
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


digg. in page action                                        y! news, netflix. rating an object




                          the gap. remembered collections




flickr. in-context tools                                     y! movies, y! answers. rating an object
keep it lightweight. contextual tools

       Same as context menus
   Only good for single objects
   Can actually slow you down
keep it lightweight. contextual tools

       Same as context menus
   Only good for single objects
   Can actually slow you down
keep it lightweight. contextual tools

       Same as context menus
   Only good for single objects
   Can actually slow you down
keep it lightweight. contextual tools

       Same as context menus
   Only good for single objects
   Can actually slow you down
keep it lightweight. contextual tools

       Same as context menus
   Only good for single objects
   Can actually slow you down
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


Remove the “pain points”
Shorten the path
Keep actions immediate and light
Use hover, blur, focus; avoid heavy events
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


Remove the “pain points”
Shorten the path
Keep actions immediate and light
Use hover, blur, focus; avoid heavy events




netflix. ratings
keep it lightweight. contextual tools


Remove the “pain points”
Shorten the path
Keep actions immediate and light
Use hover, blur, focus; avoid heavy events




                                       digg. vote




                                                                 click-weight
                                                                    decision time
netflix. ratings                                                        seek time
                                                                 second guessing
                                                                        wait time
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover   y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover. resolved
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover   y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover. resolved
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat




                                     y! teachers. anti-pattern. tiny targets
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat




                                     y! teachers. anti-pattern. tiny targets
keep it lightweight. anti-patterns




zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat




                                     y! teachers. anti-pattern. tiny targets
stay on the page
stay on the page. overlay

overlays
dialog overlay
detail overlay
input overlay

considerations
lightbox effect
modality
activation
stay on the page. overlay

overlays
dialog overlay
detail overlay
input overlay

considerations
lightbox effect
modality
activation
stay on the page. overlay

overlays
dialog overlay
detail overlay
input overlay

considerations
lightbox effect
modality
activation
stay on the page. overlay

overlays
dialog overlay
detail overlay
input overlay

considerations
lightbox effect
modality
activation
stay on the page. overlay
stay on the page. overlay




anti-pattern. y! photos. idiot boxes
stay on the page. overlay




                                       anti-pattern. borders. hover & cover




anti-pattern. y! photos. idiot boxes
stay on the page. overlay




                                       anti-pattern. borders. hover & cover




anti-pattern. y! photos. idiot boxes




anti-pattern. amazon. mouse trap
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                          my y!. in-context configuration
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                               my y!. in-context configuration




bbc. in-context configuration
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                               my y!. in-context configuration

                                                                y! autos. accordion




bbc. in-context configuration
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                               my y!. in-context configuration

                                                                y! autos. accordion




bbc. in-context configuration
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                               my y!. in-context configuration

                                                                     y! autos. accordion




bbc. in-context configuration                       roost. in-context insight
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                               my y!. in-context configuration

                                                                     y! autos. accordion




bbc. in-context configuration                       roost. in-context insight
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                               my y!. in-context configuration

                                                                     y! autos. accordion




bbc. in-context configuration                       roost. in-context insight
stay on the page. inlay

inlays
in-context configuration
in-context insight
parallel content
inlay vs. overlay


                               my y!. in-context configuration

                                                                     y! autos. accordion




bbc. in-context configuration                       roost. in-context insight
stay on the page. virtual



              Rethink paging
   use scrolling for “owned” data
watch out for dual scroll bar issue
      hybrid of paging & scrolling
stay on the page. virtual


mlslistings. pagination
                                        Rethink paging
                             use scrolling for “owned” data
                          watch out for dual scroll bar issue
                                hybrid of paging & scrolling
stay on the page. virtual


mlslistings. pagination
                                        Rethink paging
                             use scrolling for “owned” data
                          watch out for dual scroll bar issue
                                hybrid of paging & scrolling




                              y! health. carousel
stay on the page. virtual


mlslistings. pagination
                                        Rethink paging
                             use scrolling for “owned” data
                          watch out for dual scroll bar issue
                                hybrid of paging & scrolling




                              y! health. carousel




                              y! mail. on-demand scrolling
stay on the page. virtual


mlslistings. pagination
                                                Rethink paging
                                     use scrolling for “owned” data
                                  watch out for dual scroll bar issue
                                        hybrid of paging & scrolling




                                      y! health. carousel




microsoft live. paged scrolling       y! mail. on-demand scrolling
stay on the page. virtual



        Rethink paging
             in-place paging
zoomable user interface (zui)
stay on the page. virtual
endless. seamless paging


                                   Rethink paging
                                        in-place paging
                           zoomable user interface (zui)
stay on the page. virtual
endless. seamless paging


                                   Rethink paging
                                        in-place paging
                           zoomable user interface (zui)
stay on the page. virtual
endless. seamless paging


                                   Rethink paging
                                        in-place paging
                           zoomable user interface (zui)
stay on the page. virtual
endless. seamless paging


                                   Rethink paging
                                        in-place paging
                           zoomable user interface (zui)




hard rock cafe. zui
stay on the page. virtual
endless. seamless paging


                                   Rethink paging
                                        in-place paging
                           zoomable user interface (zui)




hard rock cafe. zui
stay on the page. virtual
endless. seamless paging


                                   Rethink paging
                                        in-place paging
                           zoomable user interface (zui)




hard rock cafe. zui
stay on the page. virtual
endless. seamless paging


                                                    Rethink paging
                                                         in-place paging
                                            zoomable user interface (zui)




hard rock cafe. zui        cool iris (piclens). zui
stay on the page. process flow

rethink process flows
the user’s mental model vs page model
every page jump is a mental speed bump
stay on the page. process flow

rethink process flows
the user’s mental model vs page model
every page jump is a mental speed bump




the gap. inline assistant
stay on the page. process flow

rethink process flows
the user’s mental model vs page model
every page jump is a mental speed bump




                                         the gap. inline checkout




the gap. inline assistant
stay on the page. process flow

rethink process flows
the user’s mental model vs page model
every page jump is a mental speed bump




                                         the gap. inline checkout




the gap. inline assistant
stay on the page. process flow

rethink process flows
the user’s mental model vs page model
every page jump is a mental speed bump




                                           the gap. inline checkout




the gap. inline assistant    broadmoor hotel. one page checkout
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step




netflix. step by step
stay on the page. process flow

step by step?
yes, sometimes works best




                            discover card. step by step




netflix. step by step                                               ebay. single page flow
stay on the page. anti-patterns

the answer is in testing
stay on the page. anti-patterns

the answer is in testing




netflix. stalker overlay
stay on the page. anti-patterns

the answer is in testing




                           netflix. simpler overlay


netflix. stalker overlay
offer an invitation
offer an invitation. static invitation


unfinished look
dog-ear
empty slots
blank slate
offer an invitation. static invitation


unfinished look
dog-ear
empty slots
blank slate




yahoo login! dog-ear invite
offer an invitation. static invitation


unfinished look
dog-ear
empty slots
blank slate




                              netflix. rate invitiation (blank slots)




yahoo login! dog-ear invite
offer an invitation. static invitation


unfinished look
dog-ear
empty slots
blank slate




                                        netflix. rate invitiation (blank slots)




yahoo login! dog-ear invite   backpackit. blank slate invitation
offer an invitation. static invitation


call to action
1-2-3 messaging
spotlighting or lightbox
provide a peek
offer an invitation. static invitation


call to action
1-2-3 messaging
spotlighting or lightbox
provide a peek
                           discover! 1-2-3 call to action
offer an invitation. static invitation


call to action
1-2-3 messaging
spotlighting or lightbox
provide a peek
                           discover! 1-2-3 call to action




                           yahoo! tour invitation
offer an invitation. static invitation


call to action
1-2-3 messaging
spotlighting or lightbox
provide a peek
                           discover! 1-2-3 call to action




                           yahoo! tour invitation




                           starz play! sneak peek in carousel
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


Discoverability
No easy answer
Use the hover to reveal interaction
Use the familiar to teach the new
Can’t flag all interactions
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


Discoverability
No easy answer
Use the hover to reveal interaction
Use the familiar to teach the new
Can’t flag all interactions




flickr. hover invitation
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


Discoverability
No easy answer
Use the hover to reveal interaction
Use the familiar to teach the new
Can’t flag all interactions




flickr. hover invitation
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


Discoverability
No easy answer
Use the hover to reveal interaction
Use the familiar to teach the new
Can’t flag all interactions




                                      backpackit. tooltip invitation + hover invitation +
                                      cursor invitation




flickr. hover invitation
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


Discoverability
No easy answer
Use the hover to reveal interaction
Use the familiar to teach the new
Can’t flag all interactions




                                      backpackit. tooltip invitation + hover invitation +
                                      cursor invitation




flickr. hover invitation               y! movies. hover invitation
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


Discoverability
No easy answer
Use the hover to reveal interaction
Use the familiar to teach the new
Can’t flag all interactions            backpackit (fake). being too explicit




                                      backpackit. tooltip invitation + hover invitation +
                                      cursor invitation




flickr. hover invitation               y! movies. hover invitation
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


drag and drop
use the interesting moments
before, during and after
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


drag and drop
use the interesting moments
before, during and after




                              flickr. drop here invitation (static)
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


drag and drop
use the interesting moments
before, during and after




flickr. drop here invitation (interactive)




                                            flickr. drop here invitation (static)
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


drag and drop
use the interesting moments
before, during and after




flickr. drop here invitation (interactive)




                                            flickr. drop here invitation (static)
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation


drag and drop
use the interesting moments
before, during and after




flickr. drop here invitation (interactive)




                                            flickr. drop here invitation (static)
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation




bridge the new with the old
            hyperlinks as actions
              reveal with hovers
                drop down clues
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation




                  bridge the new with the old
                              hyperlinks as actions
                                reveal with hovers
                                  drop down clues


the gap. button
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation




                            bridge the new with the old
                                        hyperlinks as actions
                                          reveal with hovers
                                            drop down clues


the gap. button




y! mail. embedded buttons
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation




                            bridge the new with the old
                                        hyperlinks as actions
                                          reveal with hovers
                                            drop down clues


the gap. button



                            backpackit. revealed hyperlinks/icons




y! mail. embedded buttons
offer an invitation. dynamic invitation




                            bridge the new with the old
                                        hyperlinks as actions
                                          reveal with hovers
                                            drop down clues


the gap. button



                            backpackit. revealed hyperlinks/icons




y! mail. embedded buttons   flickr. drop down affordance
offer an invitation. anti-patterns
offer an invitation. anti-patterns




anti-pattern. amazon. mouse trap
offer an invitation. anti-patterns




anti-pattern. amazon. mouse trap




                                   anti-pattern. y! maps. mouse trap
use transitions
use transitions
use transitions
use transitions


Speak to the brain
Understanding attention processing
use transitions


Speak to the brain
Understanding attention processing
use transitions


Speak to the brain
Understanding attention processing
Sending the wrong message
use transitions


Speak to the brain
Understanding attention processing
Sending the wrong message




                                     flickr zeitgeist
use transitions


Speak to the brain
Understanding attention processing
Sending the wrong message




                                     flickr zeitgeist




mac widgets
use transitions
use transitions



backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition.
use transitions



backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition.




flickr. slide transition.
use transitions



backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition.




flickr. slide transition.




flickr. active spotlight.
use transitions



backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition.




flickr. slide transition.                                 the gap. zoom box.




flickr. active spotlight.
use transitions




                       you can...
                     speed up time
             slow down interaction
                 show state change
show relationships between objects
                    focus attention
use transitions




                       you can...
                     speed up time
             slow down interaction
                 show state change
show relationships between objects
                    focus attention
use transitions




                       you can...
                     speed up time
             slow down interaction
                 show state change
show relationships between objects
                    focus attention
use transitions




                       you can...
                     speed up time
             slow down interaction
                 show state change
show relationships between objects
                    focus attention
use transitions




                       you can...
                     speed up time
             slow down interaction
                 show state change
show relationships between objects
                    focus attention
use transitions




                       you can...
                     speed up time
             slow down interaction
                 show state change
show relationships between objects
                    focus attention
use transitions




               Keep it sane
 “Cut it in-half ” rule of thumb
Use “contrast knob” approach
use transitions




               Keep it sane
 “Cut it in-half ” rule of thumb
Use “contrast knob” approach
use transitions




               Keep it sane
 “Cut it in-half ” rule of thumb
Use “contrast knob” approach
use transitions. anti-patterns
use transitions. anti-patterns




anti-pattern. borders. needless fanfare
use transitions. anti-patterns
use transitions. anti-patterns

anti-pattern. amazon. animation gone wild
use transitions. anti-patterns

anti-pattern. amazon. animation gone wild




                                 anti-pattern. afi. animation gone wild
use transitions. anti-patterns
use transitions. anti-patterns




     anti-pattern. y! local. stalker
react immediately
react immediately
react immediately
react immediately

y! answers. live suggest
react immediately

y! answers. live suggest




y! mail, kayak. auto complete
react immediately

y! answers. live suggest




y! mail, kayak. auto complete
react immediately

y! answers. live suggest        netflix. periodic refresh




y! mail, kayak. auto complete
react immediately

y! answers. live suggest                                 netflix. periodic refresh




y! mail, kayak. auto complete




                                y!mail. busy indicator
react immediately

y! answers. live suggest                                      netflix. periodic refresh




y! mail, kayak. auto complete




                                y!mail. busy indicator




                                y! small biz. live previews
react immediately

Keep the goal in mind
Design for relevancy
Is it narrowing or distracting
react immediately

Keep the goal in mind
Design for relevancy
Is it narrowing or distracting
react immediately

Keep the goal in mind
Design for relevancy
Is it narrowing or distracting
react immediately

Keep the goal in mind
Design for relevancy
Is it narrowing or distracting?
Use feedback to boost confidence
Let the user iterate where possible
react immediately

Keep the goal in mind
Design for relevancy
Is it narrowing or distracting?
Use feedback to boost confidence
Let the user iterate where possible
react immediately

Keep the goal in mind
Design for relevancy
Is it narrowing or distracting?
Use feedback to boost confidence
Let the user iterate where possible
react immediately

Keep the goal in mind
Design for relevancy
Is it narrowing or distracting?
Use feedback to boost confidence
Let the user iterate where possible




roost
react immediately



        Shape user perception
                Make time pass faster
Make application feel more responsive
react immediately



        Shape user perception
                Make time pass faster
Make application feel more responsive
react immediately



        Shape user perception
                Make time pass faster
Make application feel more responsive
react immediately




                      Prevent errors before-hand
Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling
                                   Look before you leap
react immediately




                      Prevent errors before-hand
Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling
                                   Look before you leap
react immediately




                      Prevent errors before-hand
Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling
                                   Look before you leap
react immediately




                      Prevent errors before-hand
Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling
                                   Look before you leap
react immediately




Keep feedback focused
Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions)
Use laws of proximity in context feedback
Respect feedback bandwidth
react immediately




Keep feedback focused
Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions)
Use laws of proximity in context feedback
Respect feedback bandwidth
react immediately




Keep feedback focused
Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions)
Use laws of proximity in context feedback
Respect feedback bandwidth
react immediately




Keep feedback focused
Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions)
Use laws of proximity in context feedback
Respect feedback bandwidth
react immediately




Keep feedback focused
Use nuance
react immediately




Keep feedback focused
Use nuance
react immediately




Keep feedback focused
Use nuance
react immediately

Think “deeper interaction”
Multi-variate data
focus + context
react immediately

Think “deeper interaction”
Multi-variate data
focus + context
react immediately

Think “deeper interaction”
Multi-variate data
focus + context
6 principles for Crafting Rich Web Experiences

make it direct
keep it lightweight
stay on the page
provide invitations
use transitions
react immediately


Upcoming Book:
Designing Web Interfaces: Principles & Patterns for Rich Interfaces
O’Reilly

This Presentation:
http://billwscott.com/share/presentations/2008/ajaxworld

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Crafting Rich Web Experiences

  • 1. Crafting Rich Web Experiences Designing Web Interfaces: Principles & patterns for rich interfaces Bill Scott Director, UI Engineering
  • 5. 6 principles for Crafting Rich Web Experiences make it direct keep it lightweight stay on the page provide invitations use transitions react immediately
  • 7. make it direct Allow input wherever you have output Shorten the length of interaction Make objects directly actionable
  • 8. make it direct Allow input wherever you have output Shorten the length of interaction Make objects directly actionable
  • 9. make it direct Allow input wherever you have output Shorten the length of interaction Make objects directly actionable
  • 10. make it direct inline editing Yahoo! Bookmarks
  • 11. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations
  • 12. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation
  • 13. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation
  • 14. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation disqus. explicit “edit” invitation
  • 15. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation disqus. explicit “edit” invitation Y!photo. implicit
  • 16. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation disqus. explicit “edit” invitation Y!photo. implicit
  • 17. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation disqus. explicit “edit” invitation Y!photo. implicit
  • 18. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation disqus. explicit “edit” invitation Y!photo. implicit
  • 19. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation disqus. explicit “edit” invitation Y!photo. implicit
  • 20. make it direct. inline editing discoverability invitations facebook. prompt-based invitation disqus. explicit “edit” invitation Y!photo. implicit flickr. on hover
  • 21. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes
  • 22. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes backpackit. complex inline editing
  • 23. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes backpackit. complex inline editing
  • 24. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes backpackit. complex inline editing
  • 25. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes backpackit. complex inline editing
  • 26. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes backpackit. complex inline editing Yahoo! 360 blast. blending display & edit modes
  • 27. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes backpackit. complex inline editing Yahoo! 360 blast. blending display & edit modes
  • 28. make it direct. inline editing considerations complex editing blending modes backpackit. complex inline editing Yahoo! 360 blast. blending display & edit modes
  • 29. make it direct. inline editing accessibility
  • 30. make it direct. inline editing accessibility flickr. alternate edit path
  • 31. make it direct. inline editing accessibility flickr. alternate edit path
  • 32. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability
  • 33. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability
  • 34. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability
  • 35. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability
  • 36. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability basecamp. symmetry of interaction
  • 37. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability basecamp. symmetry of interaction
  • 38. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability basecamp. symmetry of interaction
  • 39. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability basecamp. symmetry of interaction
  • 40. make it direct. inline editing group editing symmetry of interaction discoverability vs readability iPhone. non-symmetrical; readability basecamp. symmetry of interaction “If readability is more important than editing then keep the editing action hidden until the user interacts with the content.”
  • 41. make it direct drag and drop My Yahoo! drag and drop
  • 42. make it direct. drag and drop Take care of the interesting moments
  • 43. make it direct. drag and drop Take care of the interesting moments
  • 44. make it direct. drag and drop discoverability hover invitation interesting moments activation on mouse down tip during alternate path additional visual affordances
  • 45. make it direct. drag and drop discoverability hover invitation interesting moments activation on mouse down tip during alternate path additional visual affordances netflix. few hints.
  • 46. make it direct. drag and drop discoverability hover invitation interesting moments activation on mouse down tip during alternate path additional visual affordances yahoo! teachers. hints during interesting moments netflix. few hints.
  • 47. make it direct. drag and drop drag and drop Not for simply setting an attribute Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
  • 48. make it direct. drag and drop anti-pattern. artificial construct drag and drop Not for simply setting an attribute Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
  • 49. make it direct. drag and drop anti-pattern. artificial construct drag and drop Not for simply setting an attribute Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
  • 50. make it direct. drag and drop anti-pattern. artificial construct drag and drop Not for simply setting an attribute Don’t construct artificial visual constructs
  • 52. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action
  • 53. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action Key to digg’s early success - Kevin Rose
  • 54. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action the gap. remembered collections
  • 55. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action y! news, netflix. rating an object the gap. remembered collections
  • 56. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action y! news, netflix. rating an object the gap. remembered collections
  • 57. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action y! news, netflix. rating an object the gap. remembered collections
  • 58. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action y! news, netflix. rating an object the gap. remembered collections y! movies, y! answers. rating an object
  • 59. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action y! news, netflix. rating an object the gap. remembered collections flickr. in-context tools y! movies, y! answers. rating an object
  • 60. keep it lightweight. contextual tools digg. in page action y! news, netflix. rating an object the gap. remembered collections flickr. in-context tools y! movies, y! answers. rating an object
  • 61. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Same as context menus Only good for single objects Can actually slow you down
  • 62. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Same as context menus Only good for single objects Can actually slow you down
  • 63. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Same as context menus Only good for single objects Can actually slow you down
  • 64. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Same as context menus Only good for single objects Can actually slow you down
  • 65. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Same as context menus Only good for single objects Can actually slow you down
  • 66. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Remove the “pain points” Shorten the path Keep actions immediate and light Use hover, blur, focus; avoid heavy events
  • 67. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Remove the “pain points” Shorten the path Keep actions immediate and light Use hover, blur, focus; avoid heavy events netflix. ratings
  • 68. keep it lightweight. contextual tools Remove the “pain points” Shorten the path Keep actions immediate and light Use hover, blur, focus; avoid heavy events digg. vote click-weight decision time netflix. ratings seek time second guessing wait time
  • 69. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns
  • 70. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover
  • 71. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover
  • 72. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover. resolved
  • 73. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover y! teachers. anti-pattern. hover & cover. resolved
  • 74. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns
  • 75. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat
  • 76. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat
  • 77. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat y! teachers. anti-pattern. tiny targets
  • 78. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat y! teachers. anti-pattern. tiny targets
  • 79. keep it lightweight. anti-patterns zooomr. anti-pattern. mystery meat y! teachers. anti-pattern. tiny targets
  • 80. stay on the page
  • 81. stay on the page. overlay overlays dialog overlay detail overlay input overlay considerations lightbox effect modality activation
  • 82. stay on the page. overlay overlays dialog overlay detail overlay input overlay considerations lightbox effect modality activation
  • 83. stay on the page. overlay overlays dialog overlay detail overlay input overlay considerations lightbox effect modality activation
  • 84. stay on the page. overlay overlays dialog overlay detail overlay input overlay considerations lightbox effect modality activation
  • 85. stay on the page. overlay
  • 86. stay on the page. overlay anti-pattern. y! photos. idiot boxes
  • 87. stay on the page. overlay anti-pattern. borders. hover & cover anti-pattern. y! photos. idiot boxes
  • 88. stay on the page. overlay anti-pattern. borders. hover & cover anti-pattern. y! photos. idiot boxes anti-pattern. amazon. mouse trap
  • 89. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay
  • 90. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration
  • 91. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration bbc. in-context configuration
  • 92. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration y! autos. accordion bbc. in-context configuration
  • 93. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration y! autos. accordion bbc. in-context configuration
  • 94. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration y! autos. accordion bbc. in-context configuration roost. in-context insight
  • 95. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration y! autos. accordion bbc. in-context configuration roost. in-context insight
  • 96. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration y! autos. accordion bbc. in-context configuration roost. in-context insight
  • 97. stay on the page. inlay inlays in-context configuration in-context insight parallel content inlay vs. overlay my y!. in-context configuration y! autos. accordion bbc. in-context configuration roost. in-context insight
  • 98. stay on the page. virtual Rethink paging use scrolling for “owned” data watch out for dual scroll bar issue hybrid of paging & scrolling
  • 99. stay on the page. virtual mlslistings. pagination Rethink paging use scrolling for “owned” data watch out for dual scroll bar issue hybrid of paging & scrolling
  • 100. stay on the page. virtual mlslistings. pagination Rethink paging use scrolling for “owned” data watch out for dual scroll bar issue hybrid of paging & scrolling y! health. carousel
  • 101. stay on the page. virtual mlslistings. pagination Rethink paging use scrolling for “owned” data watch out for dual scroll bar issue hybrid of paging & scrolling y! health. carousel y! mail. on-demand scrolling
  • 102. stay on the page. virtual mlslistings. pagination Rethink paging use scrolling for “owned” data watch out for dual scroll bar issue hybrid of paging & scrolling y! health. carousel microsoft live. paged scrolling y! mail. on-demand scrolling
  • 103. stay on the page. virtual Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui)
  • 104. stay on the page. virtual endless. seamless paging Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui)
  • 105. stay on the page. virtual endless. seamless paging Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui)
  • 106. stay on the page. virtual endless. seamless paging Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui)
  • 107. stay on the page. virtual endless. seamless paging Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui) hard rock cafe. zui
  • 108. stay on the page. virtual endless. seamless paging Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui) hard rock cafe. zui
  • 109. stay on the page. virtual endless. seamless paging Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui) hard rock cafe. zui
  • 110. stay on the page. virtual endless. seamless paging Rethink paging in-place paging zoomable user interface (zui) hard rock cafe. zui cool iris (piclens). zui
  • 111. stay on the page. process flow rethink process flows the user’s mental model vs page model every page jump is a mental speed bump
  • 112. stay on the page. process flow rethink process flows the user’s mental model vs page model every page jump is a mental speed bump the gap. inline assistant
  • 113. stay on the page. process flow rethink process flows the user’s mental model vs page model every page jump is a mental speed bump the gap. inline checkout the gap. inline assistant
  • 114. stay on the page. process flow rethink process flows the user’s mental model vs page model every page jump is a mental speed bump the gap. inline checkout the gap. inline assistant
  • 115. stay on the page. process flow rethink process flows the user’s mental model vs page model every page jump is a mental speed bump the gap. inline checkout the gap. inline assistant broadmoor hotel. one page checkout
  • 116. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best
  • 117. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step
  • 118. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step
  • 119. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step
  • 120. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step
  • 121. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step
  • 122. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step
  • 123. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step
  • 124. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step netflix. step by step
  • 125. stay on the page. process flow step by step? yes, sometimes works best discover card. step by step netflix. step by step ebay. single page flow
  • 126. stay on the page. anti-patterns the answer is in testing
  • 127. stay on the page. anti-patterns the answer is in testing netflix. stalker overlay
  • 128. stay on the page. anti-patterns the answer is in testing netflix. simpler overlay netflix. stalker overlay
  • 130. offer an invitation. static invitation unfinished look dog-ear empty slots blank slate
  • 131. offer an invitation. static invitation unfinished look dog-ear empty slots blank slate yahoo login! dog-ear invite
  • 132. offer an invitation. static invitation unfinished look dog-ear empty slots blank slate netflix. rate invitiation (blank slots) yahoo login! dog-ear invite
  • 133. offer an invitation. static invitation unfinished look dog-ear empty slots blank slate netflix. rate invitiation (blank slots) yahoo login! dog-ear invite backpackit. blank slate invitation
  • 134. offer an invitation. static invitation call to action 1-2-3 messaging spotlighting or lightbox provide a peek
  • 135. offer an invitation. static invitation call to action 1-2-3 messaging spotlighting or lightbox provide a peek discover! 1-2-3 call to action
  • 136. offer an invitation. static invitation call to action 1-2-3 messaging spotlighting or lightbox provide a peek discover! 1-2-3 call to action yahoo! tour invitation
  • 137. offer an invitation. static invitation call to action 1-2-3 messaging spotlighting or lightbox provide a peek discover! 1-2-3 call to action yahoo! tour invitation starz play! sneak peek in carousel
  • 138. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation Discoverability No easy answer Use the hover to reveal interaction Use the familiar to teach the new Can’t flag all interactions
  • 139. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation Discoverability No easy answer Use the hover to reveal interaction Use the familiar to teach the new Can’t flag all interactions flickr. hover invitation
  • 140. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation Discoverability No easy answer Use the hover to reveal interaction Use the familiar to teach the new Can’t flag all interactions flickr. hover invitation
  • 141. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation Discoverability No easy answer Use the hover to reveal interaction Use the familiar to teach the new Can’t flag all interactions backpackit. tooltip invitation + hover invitation + cursor invitation flickr. hover invitation
  • 142. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation Discoverability No easy answer Use the hover to reveal interaction Use the familiar to teach the new Can’t flag all interactions backpackit. tooltip invitation + hover invitation + cursor invitation flickr. hover invitation y! movies. hover invitation
  • 143. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation Discoverability No easy answer Use the hover to reveal interaction Use the familiar to teach the new Can’t flag all interactions backpackit (fake). being too explicit backpackit. tooltip invitation + hover invitation + cursor invitation flickr. hover invitation y! movies. hover invitation
  • 144. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation drag and drop use the interesting moments before, during and after
  • 145. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation drag and drop use the interesting moments before, during and after flickr. drop here invitation (static)
  • 146. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation drag and drop use the interesting moments before, during and after flickr. drop here invitation (interactive) flickr. drop here invitation (static)
  • 147. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation drag and drop use the interesting moments before, during and after flickr. drop here invitation (interactive) flickr. drop here invitation (static)
  • 148. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation drag and drop use the interesting moments before, during and after flickr. drop here invitation (interactive) flickr. drop here invitation (static)
  • 149. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation bridge the new with the old hyperlinks as actions reveal with hovers drop down clues
  • 150. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation bridge the new with the old hyperlinks as actions reveal with hovers drop down clues the gap. button
  • 151. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation bridge the new with the old hyperlinks as actions reveal with hovers drop down clues the gap. button y! mail. embedded buttons
  • 152. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation bridge the new with the old hyperlinks as actions reveal with hovers drop down clues the gap. button backpackit. revealed hyperlinks/icons y! mail. embedded buttons
  • 153. offer an invitation. dynamic invitation bridge the new with the old hyperlinks as actions reveal with hovers drop down clues the gap. button backpackit. revealed hyperlinks/icons y! mail. embedded buttons flickr. drop down affordance
  • 154. offer an invitation. anti-patterns
  • 155. offer an invitation. anti-patterns anti-pattern. amazon. mouse trap
  • 156. offer an invitation. anti-patterns anti-pattern. amazon. mouse trap anti-pattern. y! maps. mouse trap
  • 160. use transitions Speak to the brain Understanding attention processing
  • 161. use transitions Speak to the brain Understanding attention processing
  • 162. use transitions Speak to the brain Understanding attention processing Sending the wrong message
  • 163. use transitions Speak to the brain Understanding attention processing Sending the wrong message flickr zeitgeist
  • 164. use transitions Speak to the brain Understanding attention processing Sending the wrong message flickr zeitgeist mac widgets
  • 166. use transitions backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition.
  • 167. use transitions backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition. flickr. slide transition.
  • 168. use transitions backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition. flickr. slide transition. flickr. active spotlight.
  • 169. use transitions backpackit. fade transition + self-healing transition. flickr. slide transition. the gap. zoom box. flickr. active spotlight.
  • 170. use transitions you can... speed up time slow down interaction show state change show relationships between objects focus attention
  • 171. use transitions you can... speed up time slow down interaction show state change show relationships between objects focus attention
  • 172. use transitions you can... speed up time slow down interaction show state change show relationships between objects focus attention
  • 173. use transitions you can... speed up time slow down interaction show state change show relationships between objects focus attention
  • 174. use transitions you can... speed up time slow down interaction show state change show relationships between objects focus attention
  • 175. use transitions you can... speed up time slow down interaction show state change show relationships between objects focus attention
  • 176. use transitions Keep it sane “Cut it in-half ” rule of thumb Use “contrast knob” approach
  • 177. use transitions Keep it sane “Cut it in-half ” rule of thumb Use “contrast knob” approach
  • 178. use transitions Keep it sane “Cut it in-half ” rule of thumb Use “contrast knob” approach
  • 180. use transitions. anti-patterns anti-pattern. borders. needless fanfare
  • 182. use transitions. anti-patterns anti-pattern. amazon. animation gone wild
  • 183. use transitions. anti-patterns anti-pattern. amazon. animation gone wild anti-pattern. afi. animation gone wild
  • 185. use transitions. anti-patterns anti-pattern. y! local. stalker
  • 190. react immediately y! answers. live suggest y! mail, kayak. auto complete
  • 191. react immediately y! answers. live suggest y! mail, kayak. auto complete
  • 192. react immediately y! answers. live suggest netflix. periodic refresh y! mail, kayak. auto complete
  • 193. react immediately y! answers. live suggest netflix. periodic refresh y! mail, kayak. auto complete y!mail. busy indicator
  • 194. react immediately y! answers. live suggest netflix. periodic refresh y! mail, kayak. auto complete y!mail. busy indicator y! small biz. live previews
  • 195. react immediately Keep the goal in mind Design for relevancy Is it narrowing or distracting
  • 196. react immediately Keep the goal in mind Design for relevancy Is it narrowing or distracting
  • 197. react immediately Keep the goal in mind Design for relevancy Is it narrowing or distracting
  • 198. react immediately Keep the goal in mind Design for relevancy Is it narrowing or distracting? Use feedback to boost confidence Let the user iterate where possible
  • 199. react immediately Keep the goal in mind Design for relevancy Is it narrowing or distracting? Use feedback to boost confidence Let the user iterate where possible
  • 200. react immediately Keep the goal in mind Design for relevancy Is it narrowing or distracting? Use feedback to boost confidence Let the user iterate where possible
  • 201. react immediately Keep the goal in mind Design for relevancy Is it narrowing or distracting? Use feedback to boost confidence Let the user iterate where possible roost
  • 202. react immediately Shape user perception Make time pass faster Make application feel more responsive
  • 203. react immediately Shape user perception Make time pass faster Make application feel more responsive
  • 204. react immediately Shape user perception Make time pass faster Make application feel more responsive
  • 205. react immediately Prevent errors before-hand Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling Look before you leap
  • 206. react immediately Prevent errors before-hand Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling Look before you leap
  • 207. react immediately Prevent errors before-hand Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling Look before you leap
  • 208. react immediately Prevent errors before-hand Ounce of preventive design worth pound of error-handling Look before you leap
  • 209. react immediately Keep feedback focused Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions) Use laws of proximity in context feedback Respect feedback bandwidth
  • 210. react immediately Keep feedback focused Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions) Use laws of proximity in context feedback Respect feedback bandwidth
  • 211. react immediately Keep feedback focused Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions) Use laws of proximity in context feedback Respect feedback bandwidth
  • 212. react immediately Keep feedback focused Avoid side-noise (peripheral distractions) Use laws of proximity in context feedback Respect feedback bandwidth
  • 213. react immediately Keep feedback focused Use nuance
  • 214. react immediately Keep feedback focused Use nuance
  • 215. react immediately Keep feedback focused Use nuance
  • 216. react immediately Think “deeper interaction” Multi-variate data focus + context
  • 217. react immediately Think “deeper interaction” Multi-variate data focus + context
  • 218. react immediately Think “deeper interaction” Multi-variate data focus + context
  • 219. 6 principles for Crafting Rich Web Experiences make it direct keep it lightweight stay on the page provide invitations use transitions react immediately Upcoming Book: Designing Web Interfaces: Principles & Patterns for Rich Interfaces O’Reilly This Presentation: http://billwscott.com/share/presentations/2008/ajaxworld