C++ is the top choice of many programmers for creating powerful and scalable applications. From operating systems to video games, C++ is the proven language for delivering high-performance solutions across a range of industries. One of the standout features of C++ is its built-in support of streams. C++ makes it easy to channel data in and out of your programs like a pro. Whether you’re pushing data out to cout or pulling it in from cin, C++ streams are the key to keeping your code in the zone.

1. C++ Language
Presentation
By
Software & Knowledge Engineering

2. C++ Language
Background
 C++ was written by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs
during 1983-1985. C++ is an extension of C.
 Bjarne Stroustrup added features to C and formed
what he called "C with Classes". He had combined
the Simula's use of classes and object-oriented
features with the power and efficiency of C. The
term C++ was first used in 1983.

3. Background
 C++ was designed for the UNIX system
environment. With C++ programmers could
improve the quality of code they produced and
reusable code was easier to write.
 C++ is one of the most successful programming
language and programmers use C++ to produce
many kind of programs because of the OOP
features and the efficiency of code.

4. Contribution to Programming
Languages
 C++ supports object-oriented programming
features.
 C++ provides enhanced error handling capabilities
such as exception handling.
 C++ provides a means for identifying an object's
type at runtime it’s called Run-Time Type
Identification (RTTI).

5. Language Structure and Syntax
The Function main
 C++ programs begin execution with a function main. The smallest C++
program is shown below. It doesn’t do anything, but it’s syntactically
legal C++.
int main()
{
return 0;
}
 The return value is passed back to the “system,” a nonzero value
indicates some kind of failure. The function main can have
parameters, these are so-called command-line parameters,
passed to the program when the function is run.

6. Language Structure and Syntax
Variable Definition and Assignment
 Variables are defined when storage is allocated. Variable
definitions include a type and a name for the variable. An initial
value may optionally be supplied. The C++ statements
 below define an int variable without an initial value, a double variable
with an initial value, two string variables with initial values and one
without.
int minimum;
double xcoord = 0.0;
string first = "hello", second, third="goodbye";

7. Language Structure and Syntax
Variable Definition and Assignment
 Variables that are instances of a class, as opposed to built-in types like
int or bool, are constructed when they are defined. Typically the syntax
used for construction looks like a function call, but the assignment
operator can be used when variables are defined as in the second line
below. This statement constructs a variable only, it does not construct
then assign, although the syntax looks like this is what happens.
Dice cube(6); // construct a 6-sided Dice
Dice dodo = 12; // construct a 12-sided Dice
Date usb(1,1,2007); // construct Jan 1, 2007
 It’s legal to use constructor syntax for built-in types too:
int x(0);
int y = 0; // both define int with value zero

8. Language Structure and Syntax
Control Flow
 We use most of the C++ statements that change execution flow in a program,
but not all of them.
if ( condition ) statement
if ( condition ) statement else statement
switch ( condition ) case/default statements
while ( condition ) statement
do statement while ( condition )
for ( init statement ; condition ; update expression )
case constant expression : statement
default : statement
break;
continue;
return expression (expression is optional)

9. Example Program
//This is the example program that adds two numbers and show the result, the number come from user input.
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using std::endl;
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
double add(double num1, double num2); // function prototype
int main()
{
double num1 = 0.0, num2 = 0.0;
cout << "This is the test program to add two numbers." << endl;
cout << "Please input two numbers:";
cin >> num1 >> num2;
cout << num1 << " add " << num2 << " = " << add(num1, num2) << endl;
return 0;
}
double add(double num1, double num2)
{
return num1 + num2; // return the result
}

10. Example Program
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
 These two statement are directives that add the contents of the file
stdafx.h to this file in place of this #include directive. This is the
standard way of adding the contents of .h source files to a .cpp source
file a in a C++ program. #include<iostream> is the directive that adds
the contents of one of the standard libraries for ISO/ANSI C++ to the
source file. The <iostream> library defines facilities for basic I/O
operations, and the one you used to add writes output to the
command line. std::cout is the name of the standard output stream.

11. Example Program
using std::endl;
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
 These are using declarations that tell the compiler that you intend
to use the names endl , cout and cin from the namespace std
without specifying the namespace name. The compiler will now
assume that wherever you use the name cout in the source file
subsequent to the first using declaration, you mean the cout that is
defined in the standard library. The name cout represents the standard
output stream that by default corresponds to the command line and
the name endl represents the newline character and cin represents the
standard input stream.

12. Example Program
double add(double num1, double num2);
 At the point at which you use a function in a program, the compiler
must know something about it to compile the function call. It needs
enough information to be able to identify the function, and to verify
that you are using it correctly. Unless you the definition of the function
that you intend to use appears earlier in the same source file, you must
declare the function using a statement called a function prototype.

13. Example Program
int main() // main function
{
double num1 = 0.0, num2 = 0.0; // declare two double variables
cout << "This is the test program to add two numbers."
<< endl; // new line
cout << "Please input two numbers:";
cin >> num1 >> num2; // assign inputs from user
cout << num1 << " add " << num2 << " = " // show result
<< add(num1, num2) // call add() function
<< endl; // new line
return 0; // return to the operating system
}

14. Example Program
double add(double num1, double num2)
{
return num1 + num2; // return the result
}
 This function will add two numbers from parameters and return the
result

15. Reference
 http://www.hitmill.com/programming/cpp/cppHistory.htm
 http://www.cprogramming.com/reference/
 http://www.cplusplus.com