CPP

1. Earth’s Material and Energy Balance
Submitted by: Ali Raza
Date: December 31st, 2023
1/4/2024
ALI RAZA | Bachelor"s Student | Department of Chemistry |
SNS | NUST
1

2. ALI
RAZA
|
Bachelor"s
Student
|
Department
of
Chemistry
|
SNS
|
NUST
1/4/2024 2

3. The material balance equation for the
whole Earth can be expressed as:
• Accumulation=Inputs−Outputs
• Accumulation: Represents the net change or accumulation of elements or
compounds within Earth's reservoirs over a certain period. This includes the
buildup or depletion of materials within different environmental compartments
(atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere).
• Inputs: Signify the influx or addition of elements or compounds into Earth's
systems. This includes processes like precipitation, atmospheric deposition,
volcanic emissions, biological processes, and human activities (such as industrial
emissions and land-use changes).
• Outputs: Denote the outflow or removal of elements or compounds from Earth's
systems. This includes processes like evaporation, transpiration, erosion,
absorption by living organisms, and human activities (such as combustion,
deforestation, pollution).
1/4/2024 ALI RAZA | Bachelor"s Student | Department of Chemistry | SNS | NUST 3

4. 1/4/2024 ALI RAZA | Bachelor"s Student | Department of Chemistry | SNS | NUST 4

5. Earth's Energy Balance Equation:
• Equation: Solar Radiation In=Thermal Radiation Out
• Key Points:
• Incoming Solar Radiation (Insolation):
• Includes visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation from the Sun.
• Influenced by Earth's tilt, orbit, and atmospheric conditions.
• Outgoing Thermal Radiation:
• Emitted infrared radiation (heat) from Earth's surface and atmosphere into
space.
• Affected by greenhouse gases and atmospheric properties.
• Complex Interactions:
• Albedo, cloud cover, greenhouse effect, and human activities affect the
energy balance.
• Significance:
• Crucial for understanding climate dynamics and global temperature
variations.
1/4/2024 ALI RAZA | Bachelor"s Student | Department of Chemistry | SNS | NUST 5

6. 1/4/2024 ALI RAZA | Bachelor"s Student | Department of Chemistry | SNS | NUST 6