1. CO2 is a colorless gas with a density about
60% higher than that of dry air. Carbon dioxide
consists of a carbon atom covalently double
bonded to two oxygen atoms. It occurs
naturally in Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas.
The current concentration is about 0.04% by
volume, having risen from pre-industrial levels
of 280 ppm. Natural sources include
volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is
freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in
water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is
soluble in water, it occurs naturally in
groundwater, rivers and lakes, ice caps,
glaciers and seawater. It is present in deposits
of petroleum and natural gas. Carbon dioxide
is odorless at normally encountered
concentrations, however, at high
concentrations, it has a sharp and acidic odor.
2. Carbon emission is the transfer of carbon to the environment .
Combustion of fossil fuel accounts for approximately 70% of information on
carbon emissions, about 25% of deforestation, and cement production for
around 5%.
3. Sustainability is the process
of maintaining change in a
balanced fashion, in which the
exploitation of resources, the
direction of investments, the
orientation of technological
development and institutional
change are all in harmony and
enhance both current and future
potential to meet human needs
and aspirations. For many in the
field, sustainability is defined
through the following
interconnected domains or
pillars: environment, economic
and social. Sub-domains of
sustainable development have
been considered also: cultural,
technological and political.
4. Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and
objects. It is an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save material
and help lower greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling can prevent the waste of
potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials,
thereby reducing: energy usage, air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution
(from landfilling).
5. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns
when that change lasts for an extended period of time . Climate change may refer
to a change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather
within the context of longer-term average conditions. Climate change is caused by
factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth,
plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have been
identified as primary causes of ongoing climate change, often referred to as global
warming.
6. Greenhouse gas is a gas that
absorbs and emits radiant energy
within the thermal infrared range.
Increasing greenhouse gas
emissions cause the greenhouse
effect.The primary greenhouse
gases in Earth's atmosphere are
water vapor, carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide and
ozone.
7. Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average
temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects. Multiple lines
of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Many of the
observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented in the instrumental
temperature record, and in paleoclimate proxy records of climate change over
thousands to millions of years.
8. Extinct is the termination
of an organism or of a group
of organisms , some a species.
The moment of extinction is
generally considered to be the
death of the last individual of
the species, although the
capacity to breed and recover
may have been lost before
this point. Because a species'
potential range may be very
large, determining this
moment is difficult, and is
usually done retrospectively.
9. Profit is a financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue
gained from a business activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes
needed to sustain the activity. Any profit that is gained goes to the
business's owners, who may or may not decide to spend it on the
business. Profit is calculated as total revenue less total expenses.
10. Carbon footprint is historically
defined as the total emissions caused
by an individual, event, organisation, or
product, expressed as carbon dioxide
equivalent.In most cases, the total
carbon footprint cannot be exactly
calculated because of inadequate
knowledge of and data about the
complex interactions between
contributing processes, especially which
including the influence on natural
processes storing or releasing carbon
dioxide.
11. Greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's
atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it
would be without its atmosphere. If a planet's atmosphere contains
radiatively active gasesthey will radiate energy in all directions. Part of this
radiation is directed towards the surface, warming it. The intensity of the
downward radiation – that is, the strength of the greenhouse effect – will
depend on the atmosphere's temperature and on the amount of greenhouse
gases that the atmosphere contains.
12. Habitat is the type of natural
environment in which a particular
species of organism lives. It is
characterized by both physical and
biological features. A species' habitat
is those places where it can find food,
shelter, protection and mates for
reproduction.
13. Ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving
components such as air, water, and mineral soil. Ecosystems can be studied
in two different ways. They can be thought of as interdependent collections
of plants and animals, or as structured systems and communities governed
by general rules. The living and non-living components interact through
nutrient cycles and energy flows. Ecosystems include interactions among
organisms, and between organisms and their environment. Ecosystems can
be of any size but each ecosystem has a specific, limited space. Some
scientists view the entire planet as one ecosystem.
