This document discusses potential treatments for COVID-19, including antibodies from recovered patients or made in labs to neutralize the virus, antivirals that block viral replication, cell-based therapies to help the immune system respond properly, devices to remove excess proteins or toxins, RNA-based treatments that interfere with viral protein production, and repurposing existing drug compounds that may be effective.

1. COVID-19 TREATMENT
1)Antibodies
Antibodies are one of your body’s natural defense systems against foreign attackers.
When your body detects foreign intruders (like bacteria or viruses), your immune
system makes antibodies that recognizes them. These specific antibodies attach to
the foreign intruders and target them for destruction. To treat or prevent disease,
scientists can either use antibodies from the blood of people who have recovered
from the infection (i.e., “convalescent plasma”) or use antibodies made in a lab that
will attach to and stop (“neutralize”) the foreign intruders.
Antibodies created to attach to different molecules in the body (i.e., not foreign
intruders) can also be used to treat disease, for example, by turning down your
immune response to stop it from overreacting and causing damage to the body (a
phenomenon known as “cytokine storm”).
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2) Antivirals
Viruses travel light—they usually only carry a few things they need, including the
code to make more of themselves (the “nucleic acid,” either DNA or RNA) and a
protective shell around them. They can’t make more of themselves (“replicate”) on
their own. They need to get into animal cells, where they hijack the replication
system that those cells use. Antiviral treatments stop viruses from making more of
themselves by blocking one or more steps in the process.
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3) Cell-Based Therapies
Cell-based therapies work by transferring into patients live cells to treat a specific
disease. To make cell-based therapies, researchers take cells either from the patient
(called “autologous” therapies) or from a donor (called “allogeneic”therapies) and
either transfer the cells unchanged or change the cells in specific ways to treat a
specific disease (e.g., CAR-T therapies). Different cell types from different sources
can be used (e.g., stem cells from fat tissue or bone marrow, cells from placenta, T-
cells, natural killer [NK] cells). To treat COVID-19 disease, potential cell-based
therapies work, in general, by helping the patient’s immune system work better (and
not overreact) by releasing signals to other cells in the body to coordinate a proper
reaction to the infection and help healing.
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2. 4) Devices
Not all potential therapies to treat COVID-19 are drugs. Some are devices or
machines that in some way treat a disease. These potential treatments include blood
purification devices that filter patients’ blood to remove excess proteins (e.g.,
cytokines causing the“cytokine storm”) or toxins that are causing problems that can
lead to respiratory or organ failure in patients.
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5) RNA-Based Treatments
RNA molecules carry instructions that tell our cells how to build the proteins they
need. As disease treatments, modified (genetically altered) RNA molecules are given
to patients that can block the making of specific harmful proteins (e.g.,antisense
therapy) or make particular helpful proteins (e.g., mRNA therapy). To treat COVID-
19, RNA-based therapies can, for example, interfere with the virus hijacking our cells
to make more copies of itself by blocking the construction of viral proteins.
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6)Scanning Compounds to Repurpose
Research institutions and pharmaceutical companies have “libraries” of drug
compounds discovered or made while exploring their potential to treat various
diseases, some of which may have gone on to get FDA approval (and are used
today to treat patients) and some of which stayed on laboratory shelves. When
COVID-19 hit, many of these organizations started looking back at the drugs in these
collections to see if they held something that might help. In addition, some
researchers are using new technologies like artificial intelligence to try to use
characteristics of the virus to find or design drugs that might successfully treat
COVID-19.
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