Covid 19 information for dialysis professionals and dialysis providers . I know we are in the front of war against COVID-19 . This guide targeted to dialysis dialysis professionals like dialysis nurses ,dialysis technologist,dialysis technicians , social worker and admin team. Please find attachment
The document discusses COVID-19, including what it is, its symptoms, testing procedures, treatment options, and preventive measures. It explains that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, cough and shortness of breath, and that molecular tests like PCR are used to detect the virus. It recommends measures like masks, distancing and handwashing to prevent transmission.
This document provides an overview of COVID-19, including its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and nursing interventions. It notes that over 3.3 million new cases were reported globally in the past week, with nearly 46 million total cases and 1.2 million deaths. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and fatigue, while severe symptoms can include trouble breathing, organ failure, and death. The main modes of transmission are respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, as there is no vaccine or antiviral specifically for COVID-19. Prevention emphasizes hand hygiene, physical distancing, and use of face coverings.
This document provides guidelines for the clinical management of COVID-19. It notes that while most cases are mild, approximately 14% of cases develop severe disease requiring hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require intensive care. Older age and comorbidities increase the risk of severe outcomes. For mild cases, isolation and symptomatic treatment is recommended, while severe cases may require oxygen therapy, fluid management, antimicrobials, and advanced support like mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome or vasopressors for septic shock. Testing for COVID-19 involves respiratory samples, and local protocols should be followed for patient isolation and discharge.
This document provides guidance on the initial management and treatment of COVID-19. It discusses triaging patients with suspected COVID-19 and implementing appropriate infection prevention and control measures. It recommends hospitalizing high-risk patients or those with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) complications. Treatment options discussed include oxygen therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and care of SARI patients in emergency and ICU settings. Specimen collection and safe patient transfer are also covered.
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
1) The document provides definitions for suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of COVID-19 according to WHO criteria based on symptoms, exposure history, and test results.
2) It describes the typical progression and severity of COVID-19 from mild to severe and critical illness, with severe cases making up 14% of cases and critical 5%. The overall fatality rate is estimated between 2.3-5%.
3) Risk factors for worse outcomes include older age, male sex, comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, and certain lab abnormalities like lymphopenia and elevated LDH, troponin, and D-Dimer levels.
- The document discusses COVID-19 priorities for pediatric practice, including clinical manifestations, risk factors, transmission, investigations, treatment and management of COVID-19 in children. It notes that while children generally experience milder symptoms than adults, they can still spread the virus and some may develop severe complications requiring hospitalization. Proper isolation, supportive care, monitoring for symptoms and timely treatment are important for managing COVID-19 in the pediatric population.
The document discusses COVID-19, including what it is, its symptoms, testing procedures, treatment options, and preventive measures. It explains that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, cough and shortness of breath, and that molecular tests like PCR are used to detect the virus. It recommends measures like masks, distancing and handwashing to prevent transmission.
This document provides an overview of COVID-19, including its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and nursing interventions. It notes that over 3.3 million new cases were reported globally in the past week, with nearly 46 million total cases and 1.2 million deaths. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and fatigue, while severe symptoms can include trouble breathing, organ failure, and death. The main modes of transmission are respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, as there is no vaccine or antiviral specifically for COVID-19. Prevention emphasizes hand hygiene, physical distancing, and use of face coverings.
This document provides guidelines for the clinical management of COVID-19. It notes that while most cases are mild, approximately 14% of cases develop severe disease requiring hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require intensive care. Older age and comorbidities increase the risk of severe outcomes. For mild cases, isolation and symptomatic treatment is recommended, while severe cases may require oxygen therapy, fluid management, antimicrobials, and advanced support like mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome or vasopressors for septic shock. Testing for COVID-19 involves respiratory samples, and local protocols should be followed for patient isolation and discharge.
This document provides guidance on the initial management and treatment of COVID-19. It discusses triaging patients with suspected COVID-19 and implementing appropriate infection prevention and control measures. It recommends hospitalizing high-risk patients or those with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) complications. Treatment options discussed include oxygen therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and care of SARI patients in emergency and ICU settings. Specimen collection and safe patient transfer are also covered.
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
1) The document provides definitions for suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of COVID-19 according to WHO criteria based on symptoms, exposure history, and test results.
2) It describes the typical progression and severity of COVID-19 from mild to severe and critical illness, with severe cases making up 14% of cases and critical 5%. The overall fatality rate is estimated between 2.3-5%.
3) Risk factors for worse outcomes include older age, male sex, comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, and certain lab abnormalities like lymphopenia and elevated LDH, troponin, and D-Dimer levels.
- The document discusses COVID-19 priorities for pediatric practice, including clinical manifestations, risk factors, transmission, investigations, treatment and management of COVID-19 in children. It notes that while children generally experience milder symptoms than adults, they can still spread the virus and some may develop severe complications requiring hospitalization. Proper isolation, supportive care, monitoring for symptoms and timely treatment are important for managing COVID-19 in the pediatric population.
The document provides information on COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It discusses the virus's origins, symptoms, transmission, incubation period, case definitions, screening and testing procedures, treatment and prevention recommendations including isolation, use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and monitoring of healthcare workers.
This document summarizes information about COVID-19 from the World Health Organization and other sources. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, transmission, screening, treatment protocols, and prevention measures. Key points include that COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread to over 150 other countries. Symptoms typically include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from infected individuals. Prevention focuses on hand washing, social distancing and quarantine of suspected cases.
In COVID-19 any antiviral is more effective when used early in first week of illness.
What should not be used in covid-19 is also discussed in presentation.
The document provides information about COVID-19, including how it is transmitted, symptoms, who is at higher risk, potential treatments, and ways to stay safe. It is transmitted through droplets from sneezing, coughing, and talking that can spread up to 6 feet. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Those over 60 or with underlying conditions are at higher risk. Social distancing and washing hands with soap and water are key ways to prevent transmission and flatten the curve.
COVID - 19(CORONAVIRUS) DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT Ayush Jain
p
Criteria Investigatio
ns
Isolation
ward/
Hospital
ised
Treatment Remarks
F Septic Shock
due to
COVID 19
Baseline
Hemogram
, ECG,
LFT, RFT,
BSL profile,
X-ray
Chest, Sr.
Amylase,
2 D Echo,
CPKMB,
PTINR
ABG
Daily SE ,
Magnesium
if QTc
prolongatio
n
ICU
Oseltamivir 150
mg BD for 10
days (Double
dose)
+
T Azithromycin
500mg OD x 10
days
+
T
Guidelines for dialysis of COVID -19 Patients Ankit Data
The document provides guidelines for dialysis of COVID-19 patients. It outlines general guidance for dialysis units including adequate supplies, signage, educating staff, and strict adherence to universal precautions. It provides guidance for patients undergoing hemodialysis including screening, mask-wearing, hand hygiene and cough etiquette. Guidance is also given for dialysis staff, disinfection practices, and handling patients requiring dialysis for acute kidney injury or with peritoneal dialysis. Personal protective equipment should be worn when dialyzing COVID-19 positive patients.
This document summarizes treatment guidelines for COVID-19 based on disease severity and stage:
- Monoclonal antibodies like Sotrovimab and Bebtelovimab can reduce hospitalization when given early for mild-moderate cases. Antiviral pills Paxlovid and Molnupiravir may also be options.
- For hospitalized patients, remdesivir, corticosteroids like dexamethasone, and IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab are recommended. Baricitinib may also help reduce mortality. Remdesivir works best early in hospitalization while corticosteroids are preferred later for patients with ARDS.
- Guidelines discuss optimal dosing of cort
- COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus and has no specific approved treatment. The document summarizes the stages of COVID-19 infection and treatment approaches based on disease severity. For mild cases, symptomatic treatment is recommended. For moderate cases, hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin is recommended. Severe cases may require ICU care, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab for cytokine release syndrome, and consideration of remdesivir or interferons through clinical trials.
Public responsibilities in the fight against covid 19 by priya PriyaSathe1
The document discusses COVID-19 and prevention methods. It summarizes that COVID-19 cases are growing rapidly in India as in other countries initially. Basic hygiene like hand washing and coughing into elbows can help slow the spread. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and surfaces, and people should practice social distancing, hand washing, and staying home when sick to help prevent transmission.
The document discusses the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak that began in Wuhan, China. It provides background on coronaviruses, describing them as enveloped RNA viruses that typically infect animals but sometimes jump to humans. The document summarizes key details about past outbreaks of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, as well as available information about COVID-19 such as its origin, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and discharge criteria for patients.
This presentation provides an overview of COVID-19 and was given by Team-D from the Department of Family Medicine at University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. It discusses the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, treatment, prevention and the role of family physicians in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, over 404 million confirmed cases worldwide as of February 2022, and prevention strategies involve vaccination, personal protective measures, and infection control in healthcare settings. The family physician plays an important role in identifying and managing potential COVID-19 cases at the primary care level.
The document summarizes key information about chest radiology findings for COVID-19:
- Chest CT scans are more sensitive than X-rays in detecting COVID-19, with CT finding abnormalities in over 90% of cases after 4 days, while X-rays may be normal in initial stages. Common CT findings include ground glass opacities that can progress to consolidation.
- CT can help diagnose COVID-19, determine the severity and progression of the disease, and rule out other conditions. Typical features are bilateral and peripheral ground glass opacities and "crazy paving" patterns that begin after symptom onset and develop over time.
- While PCR testing is the definitive diagnostic test, CT provides faster results
This document summarizes information from Dr. Tahseen J. Siddiqui on COVID-19. It discusses the three known coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. It emphasizes that mitigation through strict social isolation is the best current strategy to slow transmission rates and prevent healthcare systems from being overwhelmed. The risks of personal infection are low but systemic risks are high if many require critical care simultaneously. Early action through testing, contact tracing, and quarantines have helped countries like Taiwan better control the spread.
This document provides information on the management of CoViD 19. It discusses the virology of SARS-CoV-2, symptoms of CoViD 19, transmission routes, diagnosis methods including RT-PCR testing and CT scans, treatment approaches based on illness severity from mild to severe pneumonia and ARDS, and those at high risk of severe illness such as older patients and those with underlying medical conditions. Pathology findings include diffuse alveolar damage and lymphocytic infiltrates in severe cases.
Waheed Shouman was informed on December 31, 2019 of 44 cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, China with no known cause. Most patients reported a link to a seafood market. By January 1, 2020 person-to-person spread was occurring, including among healthcare workers. As of March 5, 2020 there were over 82 countries affected globally.
The document summarizes information and recommendations regarding the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of intensive care and critical care specialists. It provides worldwide case statistics and outlines anticipated critical care bed needs for a hospital. It also discusses ventilation strategies, the use of ECMO, guidelines from medical societies, PPE recommendations, management of shock, antibiotics, experimental drug treatments and ongoing clinical trials. The overall focus is on evaluating and treating critically ill Covid-19 patients from an intensive care perspective.
1. The document discusses the etiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and management of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). It describes how the virus spreads through respiratory droplets and contact, and its symptoms which range from asymptomatic to severe.
2. Diagnosis involves PCR testing of respiratory samples, chest imaging showing pneumonia, and elevated inflammatory markers in severe cases. Treatment involves isolation, supportive care, and management of complications.
3. Prevention strategies include hand washing, physical distancing, and disinfecting surfaces. The document also proposes some Unani formulations that may provide adjuvant therapy for COVID-19.
- The document discusses COVID-19, providing details on its origins in Wuhan, China in December 2019, symptoms, transmission, screening procedures, and prevention methods. It outlines that COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that causes respiratory illness, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Prevention focuses on hand washing, social distancing, and isolation of suspected cases.
This document discusses H1N1 influenza, also known as swine flu. It provides information on:
- The 2009 H1N1 pandemic which was declared by the WHO.
- Symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention of H1N1 influenza. Key points are that it is highly contagious and spreads through coughing/sneezing. Oseltamivir is an effective antiviral treatment.
- Those at higher risk include children, pregnant women, elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. Complications can include pneumonia. Vaccination is the best prevention.
The document provides information on COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It discusses the virus's origins, symptoms, transmission, incubation period, case definitions, screening and testing procedures, treatment and prevention recommendations including isolation, use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and monitoring of healthcare workers.
This document summarizes information about COVID-19 from the World Health Organization and other sources. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, transmission, screening, treatment protocols, and prevention measures. Key points include that COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread to over 150 other countries. Symptoms typically include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from infected individuals. Prevention focuses on hand washing, social distancing and quarantine of suspected cases.
In COVID-19 any antiviral is more effective when used early in first week of illness.
What should not be used in covid-19 is also discussed in presentation.
The document provides information about COVID-19, including how it is transmitted, symptoms, who is at higher risk, potential treatments, and ways to stay safe. It is transmitted through droplets from sneezing, coughing, and talking that can spread up to 6 feet. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Those over 60 or with underlying conditions are at higher risk. Social distancing and washing hands with soap and water are key ways to prevent transmission and flatten the curve.
COVID - 19(CORONAVIRUS) DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT Ayush Jain
p
Criteria Investigatio
ns
Isolation
ward/
Hospital
ised
Treatment Remarks
F Septic Shock
due to
COVID 19
Baseline
Hemogram
, ECG,
LFT, RFT,
BSL profile,
X-ray
Chest, Sr.
Amylase,
2 D Echo,
CPKMB,
PTINR
ABG
Daily SE ,
Magnesium
if QTc
prolongatio
n
ICU
Oseltamivir 150
mg BD for 10
days (Double
dose)
+
T Azithromycin
500mg OD x 10
days
+
T
Guidelines for dialysis of COVID -19 Patients Ankit Data
The document provides guidelines for dialysis of COVID-19 patients. It outlines general guidance for dialysis units including adequate supplies, signage, educating staff, and strict adherence to universal precautions. It provides guidance for patients undergoing hemodialysis including screening, mask-wearing, hand hygiene and cough etiquette. Guidance is also given for dialysis staff, disinfection practices, and handling patients requiring dialysis for acute kidney injury or with peritoneal dialysis. Personal protective equipment should be worn when dialyzing COVID-19 positive patients.
This document summarizes treatment guidelines for COVID-19 based on disease severity and stage:
- Monoclonal antibodies like Sotrovimab and Bebtelovimab can reduce hospitalization when given early for mild-moderate cases. Antiviral pills Paxlovid and Molnupiravir may also be options.
- For hospitalized patients, remdesivir, corticosteroids like dexamethasone, and IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab are recommended. Baricitinib may also help reduce mortality. Remdesivir works best early in hospitalization while corticosteroids are preferred later for patients with ARDS.
- Guidelines discuss optimal dosing of cort
- COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus and has no specific approved treatment. The document summarizes the stages of COVID-19 infection and treatment approaches based on disease severity. For mild cases, symptomatic treatment is recommended. For moderate cases, hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin is recommended. Severe cases may require ICU care, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab for cytokine release syndrome, and consideration of remdesivir or interferons through clinical trials.
Public responsibilities in the fight against covid 19 by priya PriyaSathe1
The document discusses COVID-19 and prevention methods. It summarizes that COVID-19 cases are growing rapidly in India as in other countries initially. Basic hygiene like hand washing and coughing into elbows can help slow the spread. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and surfaces, and people should practice social distancing, hand washing, and staying home when sick to help prevent transmission.
The document discusses the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak that began in Wuhan, China. It provides background on coronaviruses, describing them as enveloped RNA viruses that typically infect animals but sometimes jump to humans. The document summarizes key details about past outbreaks of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, as well as available information about COVID-19 such as its origin, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment and discharge criteria for patients.
This presentation provides an overview of COVID-19 and was given by Team-D from the Department of Family Medicine at University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. It discusses the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, treatment, prevention and the role of family physicians in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Key points include that COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, over 404 million confirmed cases worldwide as of February 2022, and prevention strategies involve vaccination, personal protective measures, and infection control in healthcare settings. The family physician plays an important role in identifying and managing potential COVID-19 cases at the primary care level.
The document summarizes key information about chest radiology findings for COVID-19:
- Chest CT scans are more sensitive than X-rays in detecting COVID-19, with CT finding abnormalities in over 90% of cases after 4 days, while X-rays may be normal in initial stages. Common CT findings include ground glass opacities that can progress to consolidation.
- CT can help diagnose COVID-19, determine the severity and progression of the disease, and rule out other conditions. Typical features are bilateral and peripheral ground glass opacities and "crazy paving" patterns that begin after symptom onset and develop over time.
- While PCR testing is the definitive diagnostic test, CT provides faster results
This document summarizes information from Dr. Tahseen J. Siddiqui on COVID-19. It discusses the three known coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. It emphasizes that mitigation through strict social isolation is the best current strategy to slow transmission rates and prevent healthcare systems from being overwhelmed. The risks of personal infection are low but systemic risks are high if many require critical care simultaneously. Early action through testing, contact tracing, and quarantines have helped countries like Taiwan better control the spread.
This document provides information on the management of CoViD 19. It discusses the virology of SARS-CoV-2, symptoms of CoViD 19, transmission routes, diagnosis methods including RT-PCR testing and CT scans, treatment approaches based on illness severity from mild to severe pneumonia and ARDS, and those at high risk of severe illness such as older patients and those with underlying medical conditions. Pathology findings include diffuse alveolar damage and lymphocytic infiltrates in severe cases.
Waheed Shouman was informed on December 31, 2019 of 44 cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, China with no known cause. Most patients reported a link to a seafood market. By January 1, 2020 person-to-person spread was occurring, including among healthcare workers. As of March 5, 2020 there were over 82 countries affected globally.
The document summarizes information and recommendations regarding the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of intensive care and critical care specialists. It provides worldwide case statistics and outlines anticipated critical care bed needs for a hospital. It also discusses ventilation strategies, the use of ECMO, guidelines from medical societies, PPE recommendations, management of shock, antibiotics, experimental drug treatments and ongoing clinical trials. The overall focus is on evaluating and treating critically ill Covid-19 patients from an intensive care perspective.
1. The document discusses the etiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and management of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). It describes how the virus spreads through respiratory droplets and contact, and its symptoms which range from asymptomatic to severe.
2. Diagnosis involves PCR testing of respiratory samples, chest imaging showing pneumonia, and elevated inflammatory markers in severe cases. Treatment involves isolation, supportive care, and management of complications.
3. Prevention strategies include hand washing, physical distancing, and disinfecting surfaces. The document also proposes some Unani formulations that may provide adjuvant therapy for COVID-19.
- The document discusses COVID-19, providing details on its origins in Wuhan, China in December 2019, symptoms, transmission, screening procedures, and prevention methods. It outlines that COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that causes respiratory illness, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Prevention focuses on hand washing, social distancing, and isolation of suspected cases.
This document discusses H1N1 influenza, also known as swine flu. It provides information on:
- The 2009 H1N1 pandemic which was declared by the WHO.
- Symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention of H1N1 influenza. Key points are that it is highly contagious and spreads through coughing/sneezing. Oseltamivir is an effective antiviral treatment.
- Those at higher risk include children, pregnant women, elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. Complications can include pneumonia. Vaccination is the best prevention.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. A novel coronavirus was identified in China in late 2019 and has since caused a global pandemic. The virus spreads via respiratory droplets from infected individuals and can cause fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. Diagnosis involves respiratory specimen testing. While there is no specific treatment, management focuses on supportive care, isolation, hand hygiene and other preventive measures.
This document provides information on COVID-19 including its structural characteristics, epidemiology, case definition, diagnosis, and care of healthcare workers. It describes COVID-19 as a respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that ranges from mild to severe symptoms. Key points include modes of transmission, risk factors like age and pre-existing conditions, stages of illness, global and local case statistics, and steps healthcare workers should take like using proper PPE, hand hygiene, and isolation protocols to care for patients and protect themselves.
Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a viral infection that commonly infects birds like chickens, ducks, and turkeys. The H5N1 strain is particularly deadly and can be transmitted from birds to humans. Symptoms in humans include fever, cough, and possible complications like hypoxemia and organ dysfunction. While human-to-human transmission is rare, there is a risk of mutation allowing easier spread between humans. Treatment involves antiviral drugs, isolation, and supportive care. Prevention focuses on proper handling of infected birds and their products as well as hygiene practices.
Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a viral infection that commonly infects birds like chickens, ducks, and turkeys. The H5N1 strain is particularly deadly and can be transmitted from birds to humans. Symptoms in humans include fever, cough, and possible complications like hypoxemia and organ dysfunction. Treatment involves antiviral medications like oseltamivir. Prevention focuses on avoiding contact with infected birds and practicing good hygiene. If human-to-human transmission occurs, measures may include social distancing, travel restrictions, and chemoprophylaxis for contacts of infected individuals.
The document provides information on SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, including its origins and symptoms. It discusses NSW Health's response to an outbreak of the virus in Australia, including procedures for identifying and managing cases, infection control strategies, and guidance for healthcare workers. The document also contains technical details about the virus and disease.
Nephrology leadership program 3 Infection control and prevention in dialysis...Ala Ali
Provide educational materials and resources to help patients and
caregivers understand infection prevention practices. Encourage questions so
they know the signs of infection and how to prevent the spread of germs. A
well-informed patient is an essential part of any infection control program.
Corna virus detail And corona virus in pakistanEmaan Uppal
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019Avoiding close contact with sick individuals; frequently washing hands with soap and water; not touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands; and practicing good respiratory hygiene.
Epidemiological Perspective of Influenza - Muskan.pptxmuskanpudasainee
The document provides information on influenza and COVID-19. It discusses the background, epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of both diseases. Influenza is caused by influenza viruses and spreads seasonally. Key prevention measures include vaccination. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and spreads via respiratory droplets. The elderly and those with underlying conditions are at highest risk. Diagnosis involves virus testing from respiratory samples. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and no cure currently exists for COVID-19.
- Influenza is caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A causes pandemics every 10-15 years due to antigenic variation. The most recent pandemics were the Spanish Flu in 1918, Asian Flu in 1957, and Hong Kong Flu in 1968.
- Bird flu is caused by the H5N1 virus and can infect humans. It is usually fatal in birds and sometimes infects humans through contact with infected birds. Human to human transmission is rare but possible if the virus mutates.
- SARS is a viral respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus. It emerged in 2002-2003 with symptoms including fever, cough, and difficulty breathing which can progress to pneumonia. It was
Coronaviruses can cause respiratory illnesses in humans ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases like MERS and SARS. They are transmitted through airborne droplets and contaminated surfaces. While most coronavirus infections cause mild illness, MERS can lead to severe pneumonia and organ failure. At risk groups include the elderly, immunocompromised, and those with chronic conditions. Treatment focuses on supportive care, while prevention emphasizes hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and personal protective equipment for healthcare workers.
Hospital acquired infections and its preventionrazihome610
Hospital acquired infections are infections that patients contract during their hospital stay that were not present on admission. They can spread through direct contact, contaminated medical equipment or surfaces, and through droplets. Hospitals implement infection control guidelines including universal precautions like proper hand hygiene, use of protective equipment, safe disposal of sharps and waste, and cleaning and disinfection to prevent the spread of infection between patients and staff. Common infections acquired in the hospital include surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia.
Interim guide to novel coronavirus infection 2019 n covMEEQAT HOSPITAL
This document provides an interim guide on the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019. It discusses coronaviruses in general and the epidemiology, transmission, incubation period, clinical features, treatment, and case definitions for 2019-nCoV. Guidelines are provided on infection prevention and control, surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, management, reporting, and travel recommendations. The document aims to guide healthcare professionals in understanding and responding to the emerging 2019-nCoV outbreak.
They are members of the family Coronaviridae, enveloped and positive stranded RNA viruses. The virions are typically decorated with large, club-or petal-shaped surface projections (spikes) which in electron micrographs of spherical particles create an image reminiscent of the solar corona.
Pathogenesis and Clinical manifestation
COVID-19 has 5 clinical variants based on severity;
• Asymptomatic form – in this form, one gets infected without manifesting any symptom whatsoever. The person thus ends up just as a mere carrier, spreading the infection to others.
• Mild disease –this affects the upper respiratory tract producing symptoms such as sneezing, mild fever, cough, malaise, etc; The infected individual recovers rapidly, with or without any supportive treatment.
• Moderate disease –this is a lower respiratory tract infection, which may present as pneumonia and would need some supportive treatment, but may not be sick enough to need oxygen therapy.
• Severe disease – this group develop severe pneumonia and get so sick that they need oxygen therapy.
• Critical disease – this group of patients get so bad and develop acute respiratory disease syndrome and ventilator respiratory failure, so much that they would need a ventilator to survive.
A cardiologists perspective to current scenario in light of corona pandemic in india and world wide. cardiac procedures , heart disease , aceinhibitors , arni , heart failure , troponin, nt probnp
This document provides guidance on clinical management, infection prevention and control, and potential treatments for 2019-nCoV (novel coronavirus). It outlines surveillance case definitions, symptoms and potential complications, management strategies for various disease severities, prevention of complications, specific anti-viral treatments under investigation, and special considerations for pregnant or immunocompromised patients. It stresses the importance of immediate implementation of appropriate infection control measures.
PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 SUSPECT/ CONFIRMED PATIENTBhagwatiPrasad18
These recommendations are based on recent guidelines and protocols followed in major hospitals in India and also from recent articles published online. This cannot be taken as final. Guidelines will be updated from time to time.
Watch this presentation in laptop/ pc as slideshow for beautiful animations.
The document provides guidelines for dentists on COVID-19, including modes of transmission, elective procedure restrictions, dental emergencies, at-risk individuals, testing strategies, clinic management, PPE use, treatment guidelines, and legal teleconsulting aspects to safely manage dental practice during the pandemic. It emphasizes limiting aerosol-generating procedures, screening patients, physical distancing, frequent surface cleaning, and using appropriate PPE to minimize transmission risk from potentially infected patients while still treating urgent dental issues. The document aims to help smaller dental practices in particular to continue providing care during COVID-19 by outlining recommended safety protocols.
Similar to Covid 19 information for dialysis professionals and dialysis providers habeeb (20)
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
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Covid 19 information for dialysis professionals and dialysis providers habeeb
1. Information for Dialysis
Professionals and Dialysis
Providers
COVID-19
Habeeb Rahman P.K.
Dialysis technologist
Burjeel Hospital,UAE
habeebpkh03@gmail.com
2. ‘CO’ stands for ‘corona’
‘VI’ stands for ‘virus’
‘D’ stands for ‘disease’
’19’ refers to 2019
Novel coronavirus Coronaviruses are viruses that circulate among animals but some of them
are also known to affect humans. The 2019 novel coronavirus was identified in China at the
end of 2019 and is a new strain that has not previously been seen in humans.
habeebpkh03@gmail.com
COVID-19
3. Is it Contagious COVID-19?
Virus Mortality: Comparison with Other Viruses
•COVID-19
•SARS
•MERS
•Recent Influenza Pandemics
•Swine Flu
2-3%
9.6%
34%
0.1%
0.02%
3
6
COVID-19 have been reported worldwide with
210 countries till 11/04/2020
habeebpkh03@gmail.com
4. • It takes between 2-14 days for symptoms to start
• Common symptoms: Fever, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, muscle aches,
fatigue
• Less common symptoms: sputum production, headache, diarrhea
• Initial symptoms might be mild and fever might be absent
• Pneumonia caused by other organisms (including bacteria) and other viruses (such
as influenza)
Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19
Fever Cough
Shortness
of breath
Muscle
aches
DiarrhoeaSore
throat
habeebpkh03@gmail.com
5. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Do people with COVID-19 lose their sense of
smell or taste?
Several groups of doctors, particularly those who
work in the ears/nose/throat field, have reported
that some people who lost their sense of smell or
taste and tested positive for the disease even
without other symptoms.
It may capable of causing severe illness, and some
infected people have died. It is possible that people
with underlying health conditions are at higher risk for
severe disease.
7. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
▪ Person-to-person spread is the primary mode
of transmission
•Between people in close contact with one
another (about 6 feet)
•Through respiratory droplets when an
infected person coughs or sneezes
▪ Contact with infected surfaces or objects
It may be possible to get COVID-19 by
touching surfaces and then touching your
mouth, nose, or eyes
COVID-19 is a new disease and we are still learning how it spreads
Transmission COVID-19
8. Diagnosis and treatment
Because symptoms are similar to
many other illnesses, tests are
needed to make the diagnosis
(throat swab, blood test).
There is no specific treatment.
Mild symptoms can be treated
with medicine to lower the fever,
or relieve pain.
If symptoms are more severe,
treatment in hospital is required.
habeebpkh03@gmail.com
9. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
•Remdesivir: an experimental antiviral medication which has been
used to treat Ebola virus.
•Chloroquine: oral prescription medication used for malaria
prevention or treatment in areas where malaria remains sensitive.
•Hydroxychloroquine: oral prescription medication used for
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
•Lopinavir-Ritonavir: antiviral medication used against HIV
The drugs being trailed include:
There are currently no medications that are proven to be consistently
effective in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Patients receive
supportive care, aimed at relieving their symptoms and preventing
complications while they recover. This can include the use of mechanical
ventilation if required.
10. ❖People aged 65 years and older
❖People who live in a nursing home or long-term care facility
❖Other high-risk conditions could include:
❖ People with chronic lung disease or moderate to severe asthma
❖People who have serious heart conditions
❖ People who are immunocompromised including cancer
treatment
❖People of any age with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI]
>40) or certain underlying medical conditions, particularly if not
well controlled, such as those with diabetes, renal failure, or liver
disease might also be at risk
❖People who are pregnant should be monitored since they are
known to be at risk with severe viral illness, however, to date
data on COVID19 has not shown increased risk
Definition of High risk
11. Does kidney disease put me at a higher risk?
People on dialysis can have weaker immune systems,
making it harder to fight infections.
People with kidney
disease and other
severe chronic
medical conditions
are at higher risk for
more severe illness.
habeebpkh03@gmail.com
13. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Instruct patients to call ahead to report fever or
respiratory symptoms, which allows facility to:
•Plan for their arrival – ER or dialysis isolation
•Direct them to the hospital
14. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
▪ I suggest to set a patient preparation area
▪ History of contact or recent travel asked (for both patient and
accompanying person)
▪ Check vital sings
▪ Screen for fever (for both patient and accompanying person)
▪ Assess symptoms of respiratory infection
▪ Provide tissues, alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR), and trash
cans
Receiving /Waiting Area
15. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Waiting Area
• The patients without positive screening or history, can
stay in the waiting room
• The waiting room should be adequately ventilated or
air conditioned
• There should be 1-meter distance between the sitting
chairs
• The accompanying persons should be instructed to go
back and sit in the private vehicle or if they do not have
one, can wait in the reception or lobby
• Instructions to patients and accompanying persons to
be displayed in front of the hemodialysis unit
• At the entry to dialysis, the patient should do the hand
wash or hand rub
• Try to provide Dialysis schedules on time - Avoid waiting
16. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Daily exposure to news about coronavirus may result
in a range of responses. Reactions can be emotional,
somatic, and behavioral, and can impact mental and
physical health. It is important to be aware of your
reactions to the outbreak and know strategies to
cope with distress.
19. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
• Dialyze in isolation room or in isolation shifts (or in a corner bed)
• Staff to wear full PPE (to wear N95 mask)
• To avoid aerosol generating procedures like nebulization in the dialysis room
• The patients also to wear surgical mask
• To avoid intradialytic meals (candy may be tried)
• Patients and healthcare workers to take Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis to
be prescribed by the doctor in charge (ICMR recommendation on dosing
need not be modified)
• Before starting HCQS, take a baseline ECG and repeat one 2 days later to
assess QT interval. If the QT interval prolongation is more than 450 ms , take
a Cardiology opinion. If the second ECG shows QT prolongation of more than
25% from the baseline QT, to stop HCQS.
• After the patient goes, fumigation or disinfection may be carried out
• To avail only private vehicles for coming to dialysis unit
Symptomatic contacts/those with undiagnosed moderate to severe
respiratory infections
20. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
• Separate toilet attached to the isolation room should be there
• Designated staff should not deal with other patients in the same
shift
• No dialyzer reuse until the incubation period is over
• The patients also to wear surgical mask
• Strict universal precautions with frequent hand hygiene
• Sample to be sent for testing at the earliest
• To notify the Hospital Infection Control Committee
• Fumigation of the room and surface disinfection is mandatory at
the end of the dialysis.
• To come for dialysis either in private vehicles/hospital ambulance
• All other general instructions to be followed.
Continue : Symptomatic contacts/those with undiagnosed moderate
to severe respiratory infections
21. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
❑Symptomatic Covid-19 patients should be hospitalized in isolation
room and should be monitored adequately by the medical team.
❑Based on the available evidence, the nephrologist can decide on
the treatment protocol (Available evidence suggest that it is better to start
the drugs early in the course of the illness before it becomes more severe. Dose
is 400/100 mg per orally 12th hourly for Lopinavir/Ritonavir (dose modification
is not required and is not cleared by hemodialysis) and for HCQS, it is 400 mg
12th hourly x 1 day followed by 200 mg 12th hourly x 4 days)
❑Anti-bacterial antibiotics can be initiated to treat secondary
bacterial pneumonia according to the hospital antibiotic policy.
❑Ensure supports : Need for ventilator support, Emergency
Specialty care like Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Intensive Care
and Urgent surgical intervention
Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients
22. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Entering and exit
also, the patient to
be given the hand
rub
If respiratory symptoms or
Asymptomatic contacts 6 feet
Surface
disinfection
between shifts
is mandatory
Try achieve dry
weight and make
adequate HD , to avoid
emergency dialysis or
Extra HD
Try to minimize
travel through
public transport
Frequent disinfection of
the toilet(housekeeping
staff also to wear PPE )
Do not be allowed
to bring in outside
stuffs (Including
food items)
23. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
❖ The patient should not be allowed to bring in mobiles, blankets, or any
unnecessary items
❖ Staff again to take history for fever or contact or travel (chart like corona board to
be filled for every patient and kept in the hemodialysis chart)
❖ All staff to adhere to universal precautions
❖ Machine external surface disinfection between shifts is mandatory
❖ The cots, beds, handrails of weighing machines, nursing station, doorknobs, BP
cuffs etc. to be disinfected frequently
❖ Minimize intradialytic snacks as much as possible
❖ Keep the HD record in the unit. Do not send it with the patient
❖ At the exit also, the patient to be given the hand rub
❖ To keep the patient in dry weight so as to avoid emergency presentation. If
possible, try to do extended hours of dialysis like 5 hours to maintain the patients
dry weight and potassium balance especially for those doing twice weekly
hemodialysis
❖ Try to minimize travel through public transport
❖ Since viral shedding can occur through faeces and urine, frequent disinfection of
the toilet to be done and housekeeping staff also to wear PPE and take all
universal precautions
25. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) –COVID KIT
–Isolation gown/PE apron
–Coverall (Body cover )
–Gloves (Nitrile Glove )-2
–Facemask-1
–Goggle -1
–PP elastic boot cover -2
❑ The isolation gown should be worn over or instead of the cover
gown that is normally worn by hemodialysis personnel
❑ Personal glasses and contact lenses are NOT considered adequate
eye protection
27. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
1. Always put on essential required PPE when handling either a suspected, probable
or confirmed case of viral infection
2. The dressing and undressing of PPE should be supervised by another trained
member of the team.
3. Put on rubber boots. If not available, make sure you have closed, puncture and
fluid resistant shoes and put on overshoes
4. Put first pair of nitrile gloves
5. Place the impermeable gown over the scrubs
6. Put on face protection:
a) Put on a medical mask
b) Put on goggles or a face shield
7. Put on face protection: 6a Put on a medical mask. 6b Put on goggles or a face
shield
8. Perform hand hygiene.
9. Put on gloves* (over cuff).
10.If an impermeable gown is not available, place waterproof apron over gown.
11.Verification
Donning PPE (Putting on)
35. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Removing (doffing) the PPE
1. Remove waterproof apron and dispose of safely. If the apron is to be
reused, place it in a container with disinfectant.
2. Remove waterproof apron and dispose of safely. If the apron is to be
reused, place it in a container with disinfectant.
3. Remove gown and gloves and roll inside-out and dispose of safely.
4. If wearing rubber boots, remove them (ideally using the boot
remover) without touching them with your hands. Place them in a
container with disinfectant.
5. Perform hand hygiene.
6. If wearing a head cover, remove it now (from behind the head).
7. Remove face protection: Remove face shield or goggles (from
behind the head). Place eye protection in a separate container for
reprocessing.
8. Remove mask from behind the head. When removing mask, untie
the bottom string first and the top string next.
9. Perform hand hygiene
42. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Limited Reuse and Extended Use of N95 Respirators and Face Shields
LIMITED REUSE
– Limited reuse refers to the practice of using the same N95
respirators for multiple encounters with patients, but doffing after
each encounter.
– The respirator is stored in between encounters and is donned prior
to the next encounter with a patient.
EXTENDED USE
– Extended use refers to the practice of wearing the same N95
respirators for repeated close contact encounters with several
different patients, without removing between patient encounters.
– Extended use is well suited to situations wherein multiple patients
with the same infectious disease diagnosis, whose care requires use of
a respirator, are cohorted (e.g., housed on the same hospital unit or
same room).
– Instructions: The Limited Reuse instructions on the next slide applies
when patient care is complete or at the end of shift.
43. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Maintain good personal hygiene
• Wash your hands frequently with soap and
water.
• Use alcohol-based hand sanitiser when
soap and water are not readily available.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes. Use a
tissue or change your face mask
• Immediately throw the tissue in a bin and
wash your hands.
44. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Avoid exposure
Avoid touching your face (eyes, nose and mouth) – especially
if you have touched objects handled by many people (such
as handrails, door handles).
Do not share food, drinks and personal items.
Avoid shaking hands, kissing or hugging; instead wave,
bow, nod or use any other culturally appropriate
gesture to greet visitors maintaining a distance of at
least one metre.
When in public areas, as much as possible, keep 1-2
metres distance from other people.
Get the flu shot – this will reduce the risk of seasonal flu
and possible confusion with COVID-19 symptoms.
45. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
• Try to avoid coming in public transport. Hospital administration can arrange
for accommodation in the hospital itself if needed
• Staff with contact history should not come for work until the quarantine
period is over
• It is better to convert the to two pools, each half taking 12-hour duty for one
week, while the second half on home quarantine and then rotate every week.
• Staff should know the correct steps in putting and removing PPE.
• Staff should teach the patients about the proper disposal of the mask.
• Staff attending to positive patients or suspects should be given HCQS
prophylaxis
• Staff more than 50 years of age, pregnancy, or with any comorbidities, should
not be attending positive patients or suspects
• Try to minimize group rounds and case discussions in the unit
• Staff members should have meals at different times
46. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Incidence of AKI in all ICU admissions may be around 15-40%, but this rate may be
increased in the setting of COVID-19 with ARDS. RRT if required should be delivered to
such patients in a safe and timely manner and at the same time minimizing the exposure
to the Nephrologist and Dialysis staff
COVID 19 patients with acute kidney injury
❖ Indications to start RRT are similar patients with AKI
❖ The decision to initiate RRT is as per nephrologist’s discretion.
❖ Vascular access to be placed under ultrasound guidance with universal
precautions.
❖ All HD/CRRT for Covid 19 related AKI to be done only in isolation ICUs.
❖ After each dialysis sessions, HD equipments to be cleaned with the
disinfectant before removing from that room and additional cleaning
before the machine is used for another patient.
54. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
Please mail your feed backs and Questions
habeebpkh03@gmail.com
habeebpara@outlook.com
Share your ideas and innovation did on dialysis
55. habeebpkh03@gmail.com
• https://www.kidney.org/coronavirus/kidney-disease-covid-19#does-kidney-disease-put-me-higher-risk
• CRRT work shop –Dr.Osama El-Sahath
• Bellomo R, Ronco C. Continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 1999;25:781-789.
• 2. Abdeen O, Mehta R.L. Dialysis modality in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin 2002;18:2;223-247.
• 3. Bellomo R,Ronco C. Indications and criteria for initiating renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. Kidney Int
1998,Vol.53,Suppl.66:S-106-109.
• 4. Burchardi H. History and development of continuous renal replacement techniques.Kidney Int1998, Vol.53, Suppl.66:S120-124.
❑ CDC Web Resources
▪ InfectionPreventionand Control Guidance for HealthcareSettings:
– https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-
recommendations.html
▪ Steps Healthcare FacilitiesCan TakeNow to Prepare
– https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/healthcare-facilities/steps-to-prepare.html
▪ People at Risk for Serious Illness
– https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/high-risk-
complications.html
▪ Healthcare Infection Preventionand ControlFAQs
– https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/infection-prevention-
control-faq.html
▪ Videos
– https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/communication/videos.html
References
• NAK:Covid -19 guidelines for nephrologists
• ASN: COVID-19 Information for providers of dialysis service
• CDC Guidelines for Infection control
• Clinical Assessment for patients suspect COVID-19 DOH- UAE