This document summarizes Dr. David Brooks' presentation at the 2009 ASIS International Security Conference in Hong Kong. The presentation developed an educational framework of integrated security knowledge categories through analyzing over 100 tertiary security courses. Key findings included identifying common security categories and developing a science of security framework through multidimensional scaling of experts' knowledge ratings. The framework aims to develop a consensus on the body of knowledge for corporate security.

1. Corporate Security:
An educational framework of
integrated knowledge categories
Dr. David Brooks
Security Research Centre (SECAU)
Edith Cowan University, Australia
2009 ASIS International Security Conference
3-5 February 2009
Hong Kong
Dave Brooks 1

2. Overview
• Understanding security?
• Research questions
• Foundation theories
– Knowledge structure
– Multidimensional scaling
• Study design
• Analysis
• Security science framework
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3. Understanding Security
• What is security?
• Security industry is broad and multi-
disciplined
• Security has many layers
• Current international politics has further
broadened security
• “every time we think we’ve got the
definition of the security field nailed,
somebody … starts taking some of the nails
away” (ASIS International, 2003, p. 10)
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4. • Assured freedom from poverty or want (The Angus & Roberston,
1992)
• A stable, relatively predictable environment where an
individual or group may pursue its ends without
disruption or harm (Fischer & Green 2004, p. 21)
• Provision of private services in the protection of people,
information and assets (Craighead, 2003)
• National security and the defence of a nation, through
armed force or the use of force to control a state’s
citizens (Brooks, 2009)
S = f(A, P, T) Si
where asset (A), protection (P), threat (T)
Dave Brooks & situation (Si) (Manunta, 1999) 4

5. Importance of Definition
• Career path – compulsory to tertiary
• Direct higher education
• Professional bodies
• Applied research
• Self regulation
• Social understanding
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6. What is Corporate Security?
“security cannot be considered singular in
concept definition, as definition is dependant
on applied context”
(Brooks, 2009, Security Journal)
• Study extracted 2001 security concepts,
integrated some into existing models:
– ASIS Symposium’s
– Attorney-General’s & Australian Standards
• Outcome - framework of “corporate
security”, with conceptualisation
6

7. Research Questions
• What are the knowledge categories and
subordinate concepts of security?
• Can a science of security framework be
developed and presented?
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8. Theoretical Foundation
Cognitive psychology:
• Knowledge is not discovered, but utilises &
expands existing concepts (Novak & Gowan, 1983)
• Knowledge structure
• Built on previous knowledge
• Categorisation - economised & abstracted
• Expert – novice understanding
• Study tools:
– Multidimensional Scaling & Linguistic analysis
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9. Multidimensional Scaling
• Multivariate analysis
• Reduces complex data
• Provides dimensional spatial representation
• Elicits underlying dimensions
• Analysis of judgements (Cox & Cox, 2000)
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10. Initial Analysis
• 104 International tertiary security courses
critiqued
• 9 Courses selected for content analysis
& 7 syllabi sourced
• 2001 concepts extraction
• Most common concepts identified using
Linguistic Inquiry & Word Count (Pennebaker, Francis &
Booth, 2001)
• Expert validation (N=5)
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11. Study Methodology
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12. Extracted Security Categories
• Criminology • Physical security
• Contingency planning • Risk management
• Facility management • Security law
• Fire science • Security management
• Industrial security • Technology
• Information &
computer security • Principles
• Investigations • Threats
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13. ASIS Common knowledge categories
of security model
• Security • Fire protection
• Physical security • Information
• Risk management systems security
• Emergency/Contin • Loss prevention
gency Planning • Investigations
• Personnel security (American Society for Industrial
• Legal aspects Security, 2000, p. 87)
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14. Australian Government:
Integrated security standards
framework model
Dave Brooks (Bazzina, 2006, p. 85) 14

15. Science of Security Framework
15

16. Psychometric MDS mapping
of Security Framework
27 Australian security
experts measured
MDS Stress1=0.222
α=0.992
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17. Science of Security Framework
17

18. Concluding Remarks
• Framework of security presented
• Assist in developing a consensual body
of knowledge
• Reversed engineered a definition of
organisational security
• Gained a clear & common understanding?
• Further international research required
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19. Thank you
d.brooks@ecu.edu.au Questions?
19

20. References
American Society for Industrial Security. (2000). Proceedings of the 2000 academic/practitioner
symposium, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma: American Society for Industrial Security.
ASIS International. (2003). Proceedings of the 2003 academic/practitioner symposium, The
University of Maryland, Maryland: ASIS International.
Bazzina, M. (2006). Security standards and support systems report: A collaborative project
between the Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department and Standards Australia. Sydney:
Standards Australia International Ltd.
Brooks, D. J. (2009 in print). What is security: Definition through knowledge categorisation.
Security Journal.
Craighead, G. (2003). High-rise security and fire life safety. (2nd ed.). Woburn, MA: Butterworth-
Heinemann.
Cox, T. F. & Cox, M. A. A. (2000). Multidimensional scaling: Monographs on statistics and applied
probability. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Ferguson, G. (2004, August). Homeland security: Emerging technologies: Policing conference
returns to Adelaide. Australian Defence Magazine, 12(8), 54.
Fischer, R. J. & Green, G. (2004). Introduction to security. (7th ed.). Boston: Butterworth
Heinemann.
Novak, J.D. & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning how to learn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pennebaker, J. W., Francis, M. E. & Booth, R. J. (2001). Linguistic inquiry and word count
(LIWC2001). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Publishers.
The Angus & Roberston. (1992). Dictionary and thesaurus. Sydney: Harper Collins Publishers.
Yates, A. (2004). Australia's homeland security market and industry's role. Canberra: Australian
Homeland Security Research Centre.
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