The document provides an overview of corporate governance and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It discusses the importance of corporate governance, definitions of corporate governance, the scope and constituents of corporate governance, and the background and history leading to increased focus on corporate governance. It then summarizes the key aspects and sections of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which was passed in 2002 in response to major corporate and accounting scandals.
This document provides an overview of corporate governance practices in India. It discusses the legal and regulatory framework, including key acts like the Companies Act and SEBI guidelines. It covers topics like board structure and composition, including board size, independent directors, and separation of the Chairman and CEO roles. It also discusses requirements around board meetings, directorships, committees, and disclosure/transparency requirements as per the Companies Act.
Working capital management project report mbaBabasab Patil
This document provides an index and executive summary of a study on the working capital management of Bahety Chemicals & Minerals Pvt Ltd, located in Dandeli, India. The study examines the company's working capital over a five year period from 2006-2010. Key findings include that the company's working capital and profits have increased each year, and it maintains current and quick ratios above standard requirements, indicating a satisfactory level of working capital management and liquidity. The document outlines the objectives, scope, limitations and methodology of the study.
This document summarizes the key points from the Naresh Chandra Committee report on corporate governance from 2002 presented by Sahana Hiremath. The report discusses how Kautilya's views on governing a monarchy can apply to successfully running modern corporations. It recommends strict corporate governance to build confidence among stakeholders. The report proposes establishing independent quality review boards to examine audit, secretarial, and cost accounting firms. It defines independent directors and recommends at least 50% of board members be independent. It also recommends exempting independent directors from certain civil and criminal liabilities and training programs for independent directors.
Summer Training Report on Financial Performance Analysis for MBAMegha Bansal
This document provides an overview of a summer training project report on the financial performance analysis of Surya Roshni Limited conducted over 45 days. It includes an acknowledgement, declaration, abstract, table of contents, and lists of tables and charts. The report analyzes the company's financial statements from 2013-2016 using various techniques like common size statements, ratio analysis, comparative statements, and cash flow analysis to evaluate the company's financial performance and position over time.
The Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee was formed by SEBI in 1999 to develop a code of corporate governance for Indian companies. The committee submitted recommendations for both mandatory and non-mandatory guidelines. Key mandatory recommendations included composition of boards, establishment of audit committees, and disclosure requirements. The recommendations were implemented through Clause 49 of the listing agreement, which came into effect in 2005 and aimed to improve governance standards for listed companies.
Financial Statement Analysis With The Help of Ratios (Suyesh Metel Pressing p...Avinash Labade
If any have Need Project Report please call +919011888598 and I will provide only Word File.
and
Project Cost is Rs 500/- Per Project
Send Me Payment Phone Pay or Google Pay
Corporate Governance with a Case Study of Royal Bank of Canadasimplyidontcare
This document discusses corporate governance and provides an example case study of the Royal Bank of Canada. It defines corporate governance as the mechanisms and processes by which corporations are controlled and directed. It describes the role of boards of directors in overseeing management and shareholders' interests. It also discusses financial reporting responsibilities and the role of audit committees in providing oversight. The case study then provides details on the Royal Bank of Canada's governance structure, including its independent board composition and oversight committees.
This document provides an overview of a study on working capital management conducted at Sejal Glass Limited. It includes:
1) An introduction outlining the purpose and scope of the study, as well as acknowledgements of those who guided the project.
2) A table of contents listing the different chapters covering topics such as the company profile, data analysis, findings, and conclusion.
3) Background information on working capital management, including definitions, objectives, and the operating cycle.
The document appears to be a student project report analyzing working capital practices at Sejal Glass Limited in order to make recommendations for improvement.
This document provides an overview of corporate governance practices in India. It discusses the legal and regulatory framework, including key acts like the Companies Act and SEBI guidelines. It covers topics like board structure and composition, including board size, independent directors, and separation of the Chairman and CEO roles. It also discusses requirements around board meetings, directorships, committees, and disclosure/transparency requirements as per the Companies Act.
Working capital management project report mbaBabasab Patil
This document provides an index and executive summary of a study on the working capital management of Bahety Chemicals & Minerals Pvt Ltd, located in Dandeli, India. The study examines the company's working capital over a five year period from 2006-2010. Key findings include that the company's working capital and profits have increased each year, and it maintains current and quick ratios above standard requirements, indicating a satisfactory level of working capital management and liquidity. The document outlines the objectives, scope, limitations and methodology of the study.
This document summarizes the key points from the Naresh Chandra Committee report on corporate governance from 2002 presented by Sahana Hiremath. The report discusses how Kautilya's views on governing a monarchy can apply to successfully running modern corporations. It recommends strict corporate governance to build confidence among stakeholders. The report proposes establishing independent quality review boards to examine audit, secretarial, and cost accounting firms. It defines independent directors and recommends at least 50% of board members be independent. It also recommends exempting independent directors from certain civil and criminal liabilities and training programs for independent directors.
Summer Training Report on Financial Performance Analysis for MBAMegha Bansal
This document provides an overview of a summer training project report on the financial performance analysis of Surya Roshni Limited conducted over 45 days. It includes an acknowledgement, declaration, abstract, table of contents, and lists of tables and charts. The report analyzes the company's financial statements from 2013-2016 using various techniques like common size statements, ratio analysis, comparative statements, and cash flow analysis to evaluate the company's financial performance and position over time.
The Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee was formed by SEBI in 1999 to develop a code of corporate governance for Indian companies. The committee submitted recommendations for both mandatory and non-mandatory guidelines. Key mandatory recommendations included composition of boards, establishment of audit committees, and disclosure requirements. The recommendations were implemented through Clause 49 of the listing agreement, which came into effect in 2005 and aimed to improve governance standards for listed companies.
Financial Statement Analysis With The Help of Ratios (Suyesh Metel Pressing p...Avinash Labade
If any have Need Project Report please call +919011888598 and I will provide only Word File.
and
Project Cost is Rs 500/- Per Project
Send Me Payment Phone Pay or Google Pay
Corporate Governance with a Case Study of Royal Bank of Canadasimplyidontcare
This document discusses corporate governance and provides an example case study of the Royal Bank of Canada. It defines corporate governance as the mechanisms and processes by which corporations are controlled and directed. It describes the role of boards of directors in overseeing management and shareholders' interests. It also discusses financial reporting responsibilities and the role of audit committees in providing oversight. The case study then provides details on the Royal Bank of Canada's governance structure, including its independent board composition and oversight committees.
This document provides an overview of a study on working capital management conducted at Sejal Glass Limited. It includes:
1) An introduction outlining the purpose and scope of the study, as well as acknowledgements of those who guided the project.
2) A table of contents listing the different chapters covering topics such as the company profile, data analysis, findings, and conclusion.
3) Background information on working capital management, including definitions, objectives, and the operating cycle.
The document appears to be a student project report analyzing working capital practices at Sejal Glass Limited in order to make recommendations for improvement.
The document discusses the recruitment and selection process at Compuage Infocom Ltd. It begins with acknowledging those who helped with the project. It then provides the location and contact information for the HR manager. The table of contents outlines the various sections which discuss the objectives of the study, an executive summary, introduction to the organization, the job profiles of recruitment and selection, the recruitment process at Compuage, the selection process, limitations and suggestions. It concludes that recruitment and selection are critical HR processes that aim to identify the perfect employee for the organization.
This document is a project report on ratio analysis for Genting Lanco Power Ltd from 2012. It includes an introduction to the power industry and electricity sector in India. There has been significant growth in installed power capacity since independence but demand still outstrips supply. The document discusses various power sources including hydropower, mini hydel plants, and thermal power which is now the largest source but progress has been slowed. It aims to analyze Genting Lanco's financial ratios to evaluate performance.
The document provides background information on working capital management. It discusses how working capital is essential for companies to meet daily expenses but needs to be managed properly. It then introduces the Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Limited (OPTCL), one of India's largest power transmission organizations, as the focus of the study. The study will analyze OPTCL's working capital position and make recommendations. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses and limitations of the study. Finally, it provides an overview of OPTCL, including its vision, mission and operations across Orissa.
The document discusses the research methodology used for a study on consumer awareness of SBI Bank. It involved a survey of 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The objectives were to understand consumer preference for banks, awareness of SBI Bank's products and services, and to identify potential customers. A descriptive research design with cross-sectional approach was used. The study aims to help SBI Bank identify new customer segments and improve their services.
Customer Satisfaction towards J&K Bank by Ishfaq Ahmed ReshiAshu Reshi
This document provides an overview and summary of a summer training project report on a customer satisfaction survey of J&K Bank. It begins with an acknowledgment section thanking various individuals who provided guidance and support. It then includes a declaration stating that the project was the author's original work. The executive summary provides high-level details about the project, including that it surveyed 260 J&K Bank customers to analyze their satisfaction levels and perceptions of the bank's services. It mentions that most customers showed satisfaction with the bank's services and facilities. It also includes several key findings from the data analysis section of the full report. The document concludes with a table of contents that outlines the various sections and sub-sections included in the full project report
Financial Analysis of Axis Bank Services (MBA Finance)Avinash Labade
If any have Need Project Report please call +919011888598 and i will provide only Word File.
and
Project Cost is Rs 500/- Per Project
Send Me Payment Phone Pay or Google Pay
Corporate governance aims to balance the interests of various stakeholders. SEBI was established in 1988 to protect small investors and regulate stock markets in India. In 2003, SEBI announced an amended Clause 49 which prescribes corporate governance norms that listed companies must follow. Key aspects of Clause 49 include requirements regarding board composition and director independence, related party transactions, audit committees, and disclosure of financial/other information.
1. The document is a student's project report on the financial ratio analysis of Wipro. It includes an acknowledgment section thanking various professors and institutions for their support and guidance.
2. There is a declaration by the student stating that the project is their original work and submitted for their Master's degree program.
3. The project contains a certificate from the student's teacher guide confirming they completed the research project on the given topic under their guidance.
Project Report on Financial Statement Analysisarijitbhowmick
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of a post graduate diploma in management. It provides an acknowledgment and outlines the contents which will include an abstract, executive summary, introduction, literature review, research methodology, analysis, results and conclusions on the financial statement analysis and cost-volume-profit analysis of Coal India Limited. It also discusses the company's vision for coal production through 2025 and initiatives in coal bed methane, underground coal gasification, coal liquefaction, and over ground coal gasification.
This document discusses the evolution of corporate governance in India. It describes three main periods:
1) The Managing Agency System from 1850-1955, where British merchants managed companies and provided financial and managerial expertise.
2) The Promoter System from 1956-1991, where the government passed laws to eliminate managing agencies and safeguard shareholder rights after India gained independence.
3) The Anglo-American System from 1992 onwards, where concepts like shareholder rights and control, and maximizing shareholder value were introduced through organizations like SEBI and new company laws.
This document is a project report on the service quality of HDFC Bank. It includes an introduction, company profile of HDFC Bank, discussion of service quality in banks, research objectives, methodology, data analysis, findings, conclusion and recommendations. It also includes various appendices related to the project such as a questionnaire. The overall aim of the report is to evaluate the service quality provided by HDFC Bank to its customers.
This document provides an overview of Bajaj Capital Limited, including its mission, vision, milestones, leadership, and business lines. Some key points:
- Bajaj Capital is one of India's leading financial services companies offering investments, insurance, taxes, retirement planning, and other services.
- It has over 50 years of history and now has a presence across India through both physical and online channels.
- The company aims to be the most useful, reliable, and efficient provider of financial services, helping clients achieve their goals through trustworthy advice.
- It has expanded its services over the decades and now offers a wide range of investment, insurance, and planning products to retail and corporate clients
This document summarizes the history and operations of Yes Bank, an Indian private sector bank. It discusses that Yes Bank was founded in 2004 by Rana Kapoor and has grown to be one of the largest private banks in India. The document also outlines some of Yes Bank's key business lines and facilities including loans, export financing, and bank guarantees. Finally, it describes some historical milestones like receiving awards and expanding its branch network over the years.
Chanda Kochhar, the former CEO of ICICI Bank, faces allegations of conflicts of interest regarding a large loan the bank provided to Videocon Group. Questions arose because her husband had business dealings with Videocon's founders. While the bank defended the loan, issues around ethics, propriety, and corporate governance have damaged Kochhar's reputation and weakened her leadership. The CBI investigation also implicated Kochhar and her husband as beneficiaries in the financial fraud regarding the Videocon loan.
This document provides information about a project report submitted by Srabani Dutta for their MBA degree. The 3-page document includes a title page, student and guide declarations, and table of contents. It outlines that the report is a study on ratio analysis of Eastern Coalfield Limited conducted under the supervision of faculty and industry guides. The document also acknowledges contributions and provides certifications from the examiner and guides.
The Blue Ribbon Committee was set up in 1998 by the SEC and NYSE to investigate wrongdoings of the government and its agencies. It recommended 10 measures to strengthen oversight of public company audits and improve financial reporting. These included mandating an independent audit committee, requiring the audit committee to adopt a written charter, and having the outside auditor discuss the quality of the company's financial reporting and accounting principles with the audit committee.
case study of failure the Farmers Bank Bangladesh Rakibul islam
In this case study, the detailed background of the Farmers Bank Limited which is now renamed as
the Padma Bank Limited is given along with its identified problems. ‘Doomed from day one’ is
used as a figurative term in this case because it is generally considered a bank will be in operations
for many years to come but this bank faced crisis within second year of its running. Due to various
problems such as: liquidity crisis, nepotism in employment of executives, corruption, huge
defaulted amounts of loans etc. the bank came on the brink of bankruptcy. Our main focus is on
the loan defaults and almost bankruptcy situation of the Farmer’s Bank in this case even though
the bank was created for good reasons such as aiding the poor farmers and improve the overall
agriculture sector by giving out loans.
The document provides information about Axis Bank's products and services. It describes various retail banking facilities like ATMs, internet banking, loans, and cash management services. The cash management services help corporate customers in managing receivables through collection solutions and payments through options like bulk payments. It also discusses managing resources through liquidity management and managing taxes using CBDT and CBEC collection services.
This document is a project report submitted for a Bachelor of Commerce degree. It examines employee satisfaction at Ebenezer Printpack (P) Ltd in Thrissur, Kerala. The report includes an introduction discussing the importance of human resources and employee satisfaction to organizational success. It also outlines the objectives, research methodology, and limitations of the study. The report contains literature review, data analysis and interpretation, findings, suggestions, and a conclusion regarding levels of satisfaction among employees at Ebenezer Printpack. Tables and figures present survey results on various factors influencing job satisfaction.
Project Report on Performance Appraisal (College Copy)-Finalpmpankajpm
The document provides information about HRH Group of Hotels in India. It discusses that HRH Group is the only chain of heritage palace hotels and resorts in Rajasthan, India. It operates nine hotels across various cities in Rajasthan including Udaipur, Gajner, Bikaner, Kumbalgarh, Ranakpur and Jaisalmer. The document further discusses the vision, features and various hotels operated by HRH Group under the brands of Grand Heritage Hotels and Royal Retreats. It aims to preserve the rich culture and heritage of Rajasthan through its hotels operated in converted palaces and forts.
The Future of Corporate Governance - a personal odyssey Pt. 2Bob Tricker
This document discusses different perspectives on defining corporate governance and the need for an overarching paradigm. It identifies five main perspectives: 1) individual and interpersonal behavior, 2) direction and control, 3) the legal perspective, 4) the economists' perspective, and 5) the stakeholder and societal perspective. Each perspective focuses on corporate governance at a different level or "system level." The document argues that a unified paradigm is needed to integrate all these perspectives and levels. It proposes using a systems theory approach to map the relationships between the different perspectives and define corporate governance at an overall "meta-level" system.
The document discusses the history and definitions of corporate governance. It provides several definitions of corporate governance from different sources that generally see it as the system for directing and controlling companies, balancing economic and social goals, and motivating efficient management. The document then gives a historical perspective on how corporate governance grew in importance after scandals in the 1970s/80s and economic crises in Asia in the late 1990s, leading to reforms and greater focus on transparency, oversight and stakeholder interests.
The document discusses the recruitment and selection process at Compuage Infocom Ltd. It begins with acknowledging those who helped with the project. It then provides the location and contact information for the HR manager. The table of contents outlines the various sections which discuss the objectives of the study, an executive summary, introduction to the organization, the job profiles of recruitment and selection, the recruitment process at Compuage, the selection process, limitations and suggestions. It concludes that recruitment and selection are critical HR processes that aim to identify the perfect employee for the organization.
This document is a project report on ratio analysis for Genting Lanco Power Ltd from 2012. It includes an introduction to the power industry and electricity sector in India. There has been significant growth in installed power capacity since independence but demand still outstrips supply. The document discusses various power sources including hydropower, mini hydel plants, and thermal power which is now the largest source but progress has been slowed. It aims to analyze Genting Lanco's financial ratios to evaluate performance.
The document provides background information on working capital management. It discusses how working capital is essential for companies to meet daily expenses but needs to be managed properly. It then introduces the Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Limited (OPTCL), one of India's largest power transmission organizations, as the focus of the study. The study will analyze OPTCL's working capital position and make recommendations. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses and limitations of the study. Finally, it provides an overview of OPTCL, including its vision, mission and operations across Orissa.
The document discusses the research methodology used for a study on consumer awareness of SBI Bank. It involved a survey of 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The objectives were to understand consumer preference for banks, awareness of SBI Bank's products and services, and to identify potential customers. A descriptive research design with cross-sectional approach was used. The study aims to help SBI Bank identify new customer segments and improve their services.
Customer Satisfaction towards J&K Bank by Ishfaq Ahmed ReshiAshu Reshi
This document provides an overview and summary of a summer training project report on a customer satisfaction survey of J&K Bank. It begins with an acknowledgment section thanking various individuals who provided guidance and support. It then includes a declaration stating that the project was the author's original work. The executive summary provides high-level details about the project, including that it surveyed 260 J&K Bank customers to analyze their satisfaction levels and perceptions of the bank's services. It mentions that most customers showed satisfaction with the bank's services and facilities. It also includes several key findings from the data analysis section of the full report. The document concludes with a table of contents that outlines the various sections and sub-sections included in the full project report
Financial Analysis of Axis Bank Services (MBA Finance)Avinash Labade
If any have Need Project Report please call +919011888598 and i will provide only Word File.
and
Project Cost is Rs 500/- Per Project
Send Me Payment Phone Pay or Google Pay
Corporate governance aims to balance the interests of various stakeholders. SEBI was established in 1988 to protect small investors and regulate stock markets in India. In 2003, SEBI announced an amended Clause 49 which prescribes corporate governance norms that listed companies must follow. Key aspects of Clause 49 include requirements regarding board composition and director independence, related party transactions, audit committees, and disclosure of financial/other information.
1. The document is a student's project report on the financial ratio analysis of Wipro. It includes an acknowledgment section thanking various professors and institutions for their support and guidance.
2. There is a declaration by the student stating that the project is their original work and submitted for their Master's degree program.
3. The project contains a certificate from the student's teacher guide confirming they completed the research project on the given topic under their guidance.
Project Report on Financial Statement Analysisarijitbhowmick
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of a post graduate diploma in management. It provides an acknowledgment and outlines the contents which will include an abstract, executive summary, introduction, literature review, research methodology, analysis, results and conclusions on the financial statement analysis and cost-volume-profit analysis of Coal India Limited. It also discusses the company's vision for coal production through 2025 and initiatives in coal bed methane, underground coal gasification, coal liquefaction, and over ground coal gasification.
This document discusses the evolution of corporate governance in India. It describes three main periods:
1) The Managing Agency System from 1850-1955, where British merchants managed companies and provided financial and managerial expertise.
2) The Promoter System from 1956-1991, where the government passed laws to eliminate managing agencies and safeguard shareholder rights after India gained independence.
3) The Anglo-American System from 1992 onwards, where concepts like shareholder rights and control, and maximizing shareholder value were introduced through organizations like SEBI and new company laws.
This document is a project report on the service quality of HDFC Bank. It includes an introduction, company profile of HDFC Bank, discussion of service quality in banks, research objectives, methodology, data analysis, findings, conclusion and recommendations. It also includes various appendices related to the project such as a questionnaire. The overall aim of the report is to evaluate the service quality provided by HDFC Bank to its customers.
This document provides an overview of Bajaj Capital Limited, including its mission, vision, milestones, leadership, and business lines. Some key points:
- Bajaj Capital is one of India's leading financial services companies offering investments, insurance, taxes, retirement planning, and other services.
- It has over 50 years of history and now has a presence across India through both physical and online channels.
- The company aims to be the most useful, reliable, and efficient provider of financial services, helping clients achieve their goals through trustworthy advice.
- It has expanded its services over the decades and now offers a wide range of investment, insurance, and planning products to retail and corporate clients
This document summarizes the history and operations of Yes Bank, an Indian private sector bank. It discusses that Yes Bank was founded in 2004 by Rana Kapoor and has grown to be one of the largest private banks in India. The document also outlines some of Yes Bank's key business lines and facilities including loans, export financing, and bank guarantees. Finally, it describes some historical milestones like receiving awards and expanding its branch network over the years.
Chanda Kochhar, the former CEO of ICICI Bank, faces allegations of conflicts of interest regarding a large loan the bank provided to Videocon Group. Questions arose because her husband had business dealings with Videocon's founders. While the bank defended the loan, issues around ethics, propriety, and corporate governance have damaged Kochhar's reputation and weakened her leadership. The CBI investigation also implicated Kochhar and her husband as beneficiaries in the financial fraud regarding the Videocon loan.
This document provides information about a project report submitted by Srabani Dutta for their MBA degree. The 3-page document includes a title page, student and guide declarations, and table of contents. It outlines that the report is a study on ratio analysis of Eastern Coalfield Limited conducted under the supervision of faculty and industry guides. The document also acknowledges contributions and provides certifications from the examiner and guides.
The Blue Ribbon Committee was set up in 1998 by the SEC and NYSE to investigate wrongdoings of the government and its agencies. It recommended 10 measures to strengthen oversight of public company audits and improve financial reporting. These included mandating an independent audit committee, requiring the audit committee to adopt a written charter, and having the outside auditor discuss the quality of the company's financial reporting and accounting principles with the audit committee.
case study of failure the Farmers Bank Bangladesh Rakibul islam
In this case study, the detailed background of the Farmers Bank Limited which is now renamed as
the Padma Bank Limited is given along with its identified problems. ‘Doomed from day one’ is
used as a figurative term in this case because it is generally considered a bank will be in operations
for many years to come but this bank faced crisis within second year of its running. Due to various
problems such as: liquidity crisis, nepotism in employment of executives, corruption, huge
defaulted amounts of loans etc. the bank came on the brink of bankruptcy. Our main focus is on
the loan defaults and almost bankruptcy situation of the Farmer’s Bank in this case even though
the bank was created for good reasons such as aiding the poor farmers and improve the overall
agriculture sector by giving out loans.
The document provides information about Axis Bank's products and services. It describes various retail banking facilities like ATMs, internet banking, loans, and cash management services. The cash management services help corporate customers in managing receivables through collection solutions and payments through options like bulk payments. It also discusses managing resources through liquidity management and managing taxes using CBDT and CBEC collection services.
This document is a project report submitted for a Bachelor of Commerce degree. It examines employee satisfaction at Ebenezer Printpack (P) Ltd in Thrissur, Kerala. The report includes an introduction discussing the importance of human resources and employee satisfaction to organizational success. It also outlines the objectives, research methodology, and limitations of the study. The report contains literature review, data analysis and interpretation, findings, suggestions, and a conclusion regarding levels of satisfaction among employees at Ebenezer Printpack. Tables and figures present survey results on various factors influencing job satisfaction.
Project Report on Performance Appraisal (College Copy)-Finalpmpankajpm
The document provides information about HRH Group of Hotels in India. It discusses that HRH Group is the only chain of heritage palace hotels and resorts in Rajasthan, India. It operates nine hotels across various cities in Rajasthan including Udaipur, Gajner, Bikaner, Kumbalgarh, Ranakpur and Jaisalmer. The document further discusses the vision, features and various hotels operated by HRH Group under the brands of Grand Heritage Hotels and Royal Retreats. It aims to preserve the rich culture and heritage of Rajasthan through its hotels operated in converted palaces and forts.
The Future of Corporate Governance - a personal odyssey Pt. 2Bob Tricker
This document discusses different perspectives on defining corporate governance and the need for an overarching paradigm. It identifies five main perspectives: 1) individual and interpersonal behavior, 2) direction and control, 3) the legal perspective, 4) the economists' perspective, and 5) the stakeholder and societal perspective. Each perspective focuses on corporate governance at a different level or "system level." The document argues that a unified paradigm is needed to integrate all these perspectives and levels. It proposes using a systems theory approach to map the relationships between the different perspectives and define corporate governance at an overall "meta-level" system.
The document discusses the history and definitions of corporate governance. It provides several definitions of corporate governance from different sources that generally see it as the system for directing and controlling companies, balancing economic and social goals, and motivating efficient management. The document then gives a historical perspective on how corporate governance grew in importance after scandals in the 1970s/80s and economic crises in Asia in the late 1990s, leading to reforms and greater focus on transparency, oversight and stakeholder interests.
The document discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and its effects. SOX was passed in 2002 in response to accounting scandals at Enron and other companies. It established new regulations and oversight for public company accounting and governance. SOX aimed to restore investor confidence by increasing transparency and executive accountability. However, it also increased costs and regulatory burdens for companies and reduced initial public offerings in the US.
- A corporation is an organization created by shareholders who have ownership. The board of directors oversees management.
- Corporate governance deals with how organizations are directed and controlled. It focuses on internal and external structures to monitor actions of management and directors.
- Good corporate governance objectives include strengthening oversight, ensuring board independence and skills, establishing ethics codes, safeguarding financial reporting, managing risk, and recognizing shareholder needs.
Here are some ways the WorldCom board could have improved its corporate governance:
- Been more independent from management and exercised stronger oversight of financial reporting. The board appeared to rubber stamp whatever the CEO wanted.
- Had audit committees comprised solely of independent directors to oversee the financial auditing process. WorldCom's audit committee included non-independent directors.
- Rotated auditing firms more frequently to reduce coziness between auditors and management. WorldCom kept Andersen on for years.
- Established stricter controls over financial reporting to prevent the massive accounting fraud that occurred. No meaningful controls were in place.
- Terminated the CEO once massive accounting problems came to light instead of allowing him to
This document is an assignment on corporate governance of banks submitted by Nikhil Kumar Tyagi to his faculty member at Amity Law School. It contains an introduction to corporate governance and its importance for banks. It discusses the historical background of corporate governance development and the role of organizations like RBI, OECD, and Basel Committee in establishing corporate governance standards and guidelines for banks internationally. The document also covers specifics around corporate governance for banks, the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 in India, and international standards.
Corporate governance involves balancing economic and social goals through accountability and oversight of a company's resources. It describes the relationships and processes used to direct and manage corporate entities through mechanisms like contracts, ownership structures, and legislation. Effective corporate governance requires alignment between various stakeholders like shareholders, management, and employees as well as relationships between the board of directors, regulators, and other parties.
This document provides a sample code of best practices for corporate governance in Kenya. It discusses key principles such as the authority and duties of shareholders, composition of the board, and monitoring of management performance. Shareholders have the duty to ensure competent leadership, strategic direction, and compliance with legal requirements. The board should include a balance of executive and non-executive directors, including independent directors, and separate the roles of board chair and CEO. The board is responsible for oversight, receiving regular reports, and annually evaluating its own performance.
Corporate governance compliance practices of indian companiesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the evolution of corporate governance practices in India. It discusses several committees that were formed starting in the late 1990s to early 2000s to develop codes and recommendations around improving corporate governance for Indian companies. These included the CII Code in 1998, the Birla Committee in 1999, the Naresh Chandra Committee in 2002, and the Narayana Murthy Committee in 2003. The recommendations from these committees helped establish Clause 49 of the listing agreement, which aimed to enhance standards of corporate governance for listed companies in India. The document also briefly reviews some prior literature that has analyzed corporate governance reporting practices among Indian firms and the relationship between adopting Clause 49 and company volatility/returns.
This document provides an introduction to corporate governance. It defines key terms like corporation and corporate governance. It explains that a corporation is a legal entity created under state law that has distinct privileges and liabilities from its members, including limited liability. Corporate governance involves how corporations are directed and controlled. The document discusses shareholder and stakeholder models of corporate governance and factors that have increased the prominence of corporate governance, such as privatization, growth of pension funds, and mergers and takeovers.
The document discusses corporate governance and research methodology. It defines corporate governance and discusses its key stakeholders. The objectives of the research are outlined, which are to analyze corporate governance practices of BSE-30 companies over 5 years and evaluate the importance of corporate governance from investors' and company secretaries' viewpoints. The research methodology discusses the population, sample size, sampling method, and data sources for the research.
A comparative study of the corporate governance codes of a developing economy...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes and compares corporate governance codes between developing and developed economies. It begins with an abstract describing how corporate governance codes aim to prevent corporate collapses by regulating corporate executives and financial practices. The document then provides details on two case studies of corporate collapses in Nigeria's banking sector to analyze the effectiveness of Nigeria's corporate governance codes. It evaluates Nigeria's codes in light of codes from the UK and US to identify weaknesses. The research method of qualitative analysis through case studies and secondary sources is described as most appropriate.
Corporate Governance of Capital Market of BangladeshIOSR Journals
This paper outlines the conceptual, contextual and disciplinary scope of the rapidly evolving area of corporate governance of capital market of Bangladesh. As a basis for improving the rigor of research and analysis, some definitions, principles, theories and legal frame work of corporate governance are examined. This study also investigates the extent to which the capital market of Bangladesh comply with the corporate governance guidelines of Securities and Exchange Commission Bangladesh(SECB) and it also indicates that only sound corporate governance practices are the foundation upon which the trust of investors(stakeholders, banks, and non bank financial institutions) and other stakeholders is founded.
The document analyzes the failure of corporate governance in the telecommunications industry and recent reform efforts. It discusses how a lack of oversight and toxic cultures at companies like WorldCom led to massive accounting scandals and failures. Reform efforts included the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which aimed to improve internal controls and board oversight. Recent proposals emphasize the board's role in monitoring management, aligning executive pay with long-term performance, and engaging with shareholders. Good corporate governance with transparency, accountability and an emphasis on sustainability is important for companies to avoid failures and crises.
This document discusses and defines the concept of corporate governance. It provides definitions from various sources and discusses the importance and significance of corporate governance. Some key points:
1. Corporate governance involves balancing the interests of a company's many stakeholders through systems of rules, practices and processes.
2. It became a pressing issue following accounting scandals to restore confidence in markets.
3. Good corporate governance practices include discipline, transparency, accountability, responsibility and fairness.
The document provides a history of corporate governance in India and discusses its development over time. It begins by discussing ancient Indian governance concepts from Kautilya in the 3rd century BC that were strikingly modern. In the 19th century, state laws enhanced board governance rights. Studies have found that while India has strong investor protections on paper, enforcement is a problem due to slow courts and corruption. Corporate governance gained prominence in India in the 1990s and was introduced voluntarily before becoming mandatory in the early 2000s. Reforms are ongoing to develop appropriate solutions that address India-specific challenges efficiently.
r Academy of Management Journal2015, Vol. 1015, No. 1, 1–9..docxmakdul
r Academy of Management Journal
2015, Vol. 1015, No. 1, 1–9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.4006
FROM THE EDITORS
RETHINKING GOVERNANCE IN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
In the field of management, the study of gover-
nance has primarily dealt with decision-making by
boards of directors, chief executives, and senior
managers. The corporate governance literature has
generated important insights regarding incentive
alignment, risk taking, and coordination chal-
lenges. Emerging trends, highlighted in this issue,
raise new questions regarding managerial roles,
organizational contexts, internal and social pro-
cesses, and changes in governance over time. We
encourage management scholars to rethink their
approach to governance research by considering
stakeholder engagement, the implications of big
data, social impact, global dimensions, and com-
parative analysis of governance. A broadened con-
ceptualization of governance may also deal with the
dynamics of interorganizational arrangements, in-
cluding the co-creation of organizations of varying
governance forms.
WHAT IS GOVERNANCE?
In this “thematic issue,” we assembled articles
that reflect evolving practices in governance.1
Corporate governance is the system by which
companies are directed and controlled. Boards of
directors are responsible for the governance of
their companies. The shareholders’ role in gover-
nance is to appoint the directors and the auditors
and to satisfy themselves that an appropriate gov-
ernance structure is in place. The responsibilities
of the board include setting the company’s strategic
aims, providing the leadership to put them into
effect, supervising the management of the business,
and reporting to shareholders on their stewardship.
The board’s actions are subject to laws, regulations,
and the shareholders in general meeting (Cadbury,
1992). Corporate governance is therefore about
what the board of a company does and how it sets
the values of the company, but is distinct from the
operational management of the company by full-
time executives.
These views of corporate governance stem pre-
dominantly from a financial perspective. For ex-
ample, Shleifer and Vishny (1997: 737) address
corporate governance as “the ways in which sup-
pliers of finance to corporations assure themselves
of getting a return on their investment. How do the
suppliers of finance get managers to return some
of the profits to them? How do they make sure
that managers do not steal the capital they supply
or invest it in bad projects? How do suppliers
of finance control managers?” These views stem
primarily from an agency theoretical perspective
that investigates the consequences of separation of
ownership and control in the modern corporation
(Jensen & Meckling, 1976). Recent corporate ac-
tivity and views, however, have an expanded view
of governance as involving stewardship and lead-
ership, in addition to the narrower financial pru-
dence role. From a survey of board members from
15 countri ...
11.[38 47]two-tier corporate governance model for pakistanAlexander Decker
1) The document proposes a two-tier corporate governance model for Pakistan based on a review of models from developed and developing countries.
2) A two-tier board structure is suggested, with a supervisory board of non-executive directors and a separate management board of executive directors. Both boards would constitute a joint board headed by an independent chairman.
3) The hybrid model aims to address issues in Pakistan like ensuring balanced representation on boards and filling governance gaps, in order to improve corporate governance, economic growth, and reduce poverty.
Brennan, Niamh M. [2010] “A Review of Corporate Governance Research: An Irish...Prof Niamh M. Brennan
An overview of corporate governance is provided in this chapter, commencing with a discussion of alternative definitions of governance. Internal and external mechanisms of governance are described. The role of boards of directors, and theories explaining those roles, are also considered. In order to provide some insights into governance research, 15 academic papers with an Irish angle were selected for analysis, by reference to theoretical perspective, governance mechanism studied, research method adopted and results. The analytical table demonstrates the variety of research conducted. Some concluding comments are then drawn.
Brennan, Niamh M. [2010] “A Review of Corporate Governance Research: An Irish...
Corporate governance project
1.
2. Sec 802 (a) states that, “Whoever knowingly alters, destroys, mutilates, conceals, covers up, falsifies or makes a false entry in any record, document or tangible object with the intent to impede, obstruct or influence the investigation or proper administration of any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States or any case filed under Title 11, or in relation to or contemplation of any such matter or case, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
3.
4. The CEO an CFO will certify the financial statements and cash flow statements of the company.
5. If while preparing financial statements, the company follows a treatment that is different from that prescribed in the accounting standards, it must disclose this in the financial statements, and the management should also provide an explanation for doing so in the corporate governance report of the annual report.
6. The company will have to lay down procedures for informing the board members about the risk management and minimization procedures.
10. Disclosures in the context of related party transctions, risk management and minimization procedures, utilization of proceeds from Initial Public Offerings, inverstor education and protection;
11. CEO/CFO certification regarding the correction of the financial statement and compliance with prescribed Accounting Standards
12. Separate report on corporate Governance in the annual reports with respects to compliance of mandatory and non mandatory requirements; and
13.
14. Formation of a remuneration committee for determining the remuneration packages for executives directors,
20. The Board of directors of the company shall have an optimum combination of executive and non-executive directors with not less than fifty percent of the board of directors comprising of non- executive directors .
21. Where the Chairman of the Board is non- executive directors, at least one third of the Board should comprise of independent directors and in case he is an executive directors, at least half of the Board should comprise of independent directors.
22. For the purpose of sub – clause (ii) the expression ‘independent director’ shall mean a non executive director of the company who:
23. Apart from receiving director’s remuneration , does not have any material pecuniary relationships or transactions with the company, its promoters, its directors its senior management or its holding company, its subsidiaries and associated which many affects independence of the director.
24. Is not related to promoters or persons occupying managements positions at the board level or at one level below the board;
25. It not been executive or was not partner or an executive during the preceding three years, of any of the following:
26. Is not a partner or an executive or was not partner or an executive during the preceding three years, of any of the following:
27. The statutory audit firm or the internal audit firm that is associated with the company, and ;
28. The legal firm(s) and consulting firm(s) that have a material association with the company
29. Is not a material supplier, service provider or customer or a lessor or lessee of the company, which may affect independence of the directors; and
30. is not a substantial shareholder of the company i.e owning two percent or more of the block of voting shares.
31. Nominee directors appointed by an institution which has invested in or lent to the company shall be deemed to be independent directors. However if the Dr. J.J. irani Committee recommendations on the proposed new company law are accepted, then directors, nominated by financial institutions and the government will not be considered independent.
32. Non executive directors compensation and disclosures: all fees/ compensation and disclosures: all fees/ compensation , if any paid to non executive directors, including independent directors, shall be fixed by the Board of Directors and shall require previous approval of shareholders in general meeting. The shareholders’ resolution shall specify the limits for the maximum number of stock options that can be granted to non- executive directors, including independent directors, in any financial year and aggregate. However as per SEBI amendment made vide circular SEBI/ CFD/DIL/CG dated 12/1/06 sitting fees paid to non-executive directors as authorized by the Companies Act 1956, would not require the previous approval of shareholders.
34. The board shall meet at least four times a year, with a maximum time gap of three months between any two meetings. However SEBI has amended the clause 40 of the listing agreement vide circular SEBI/CFD/DIL/CG dated 12-1-06 as per which the maximum gap between two board meetings has been increased again to 4 months.
35. A director shall not be a member in more than 10 Audit and / or Shareholders grievance Committee or act as chairman of more than five Audit Shareholders Grievance committee across all companies in which he is a director. Furthermore it should e mandatory annual requirement for every director to inform the company about the committee positions he occupies in other companies and notify changes as and when they take place.
37. The Board shall lay down a code of conduct for all Board members and senior management of the company. The code of conduct shall be posted the website of the company,
38. All Board members and senior management personnel shall affirm compliance with the code on an annual basis. The Annual report of the company shall contain declaration to this effect signed by CEO.
40. Qualified and Independent Audit Committee: A qualified and independent audit committee shall be set up, giving the terms of reference subject to the following:
41. The audit committee shall have minimum three directors as members. Two thirds of the members fo audit committee shall be independent directors.
42. All members of audit committee shall be financially literate an at least one member shall have accounting or related financial management expertise.
43. The chairman of the Audit Committee shall be an independent director.
44. The chairman of the Audit Committee shall be present at annual General Meeting to answer shareholder queries;
45. The audit committee may invite such of the executives, as it considers appropriate (and particularly the head of the finance function) to the present at the meetings of the committee. The finance director, head of internal audit and representative of the statutory auditor may be present as invitees for the meeting of the audit committee;
47. Meeting of Audit Committee: the audit committee should meet at least four times in a year and not more than four months shall elapse between two meetings. The quorum shall be either tow members or one third of the members of the audit committee whichever is greater, but there should be minimum of two independent members present.
48. Powers of Audit Committee: the audit committee shall have powers:
53. Role of audit committee: the role for the audit committee shall include the following:
54. Oversight of the company’s financial reporting process and the disclosure of its financial information to ensure that the financial statement is correct, sufficient and credible.
55. Recommending to the Board, the appointment re- appointment and if required the replacement or removal of the statutory auditor and the fixation of audit fees.
56. Approval of payment too statutory auditors for any other services rendered by the statutory auditors.
57. Reviewing, with the management the quarterly and annual financial statements before submission to the board for approval with reference to Director’s Responsibility statement under section 217 (2AA)k, significant adjustments made in financial statements, compliance with listing requirements, disclosure of any related pending transaction etc.
58. Reviewing with the management performance of statutory and internal auditor and adequacy of the internal control systems.
59. Discussion with internal auditors regarding any significant findings including suspected frauds or irregularities and follow up thereon.
60. Reviewing the findings of any internal investigation by the internal auditors into matters where there is suspected fraud or irregularity or a failure of internal control system of a material nature and reporting the matter to the board.
61. Discussion with statutory auditors before the audit commence, about the nature and scope of audit as well as post- audit discussion to ascertain any area of concern.
62. To look into the reason fo substantial defaults in the payments to the depositors, debenture holders, shareholders (in case of nonpayment of declared dividends) and creditors.
63. To review the functioning of the Whistle Blower mechanism, in case the same is existing.
64. Carrying out any other function as it mentioned in the terms of reference of the Audit Committee.
66. At least one independent director on the Board of Director of the holding company shal be a director on the Board of Directors of a material non listed Indian subsidiary company.
67. The audit committee of the listed holding company shall also review the financial statements, in particular, the investment made by the unlisted subsidiary company.
68. The minutes of the Board meeting of the unlisted subsidiary company shall be placed at the Board meeting of the listed holding company, the management should periodically bring to the attention of the Board of Directors of the listed holding company, a statement of all significant transaction and arrangements entered into by the unlisted subsidiary company.
71. A statement in summary form of transactions with related parties shall be placed periodically before the audit committee.
72. Details of material individual transactions with related parties which are not in the normal course of business shall be placed before the audit committee.
73. Disclosure of Accounting Treatment: where in the preparation of financial statements, a treatment different from that prescribed in an Accounting Standard has been followed, the fact shall be disclosed in the financial statements, together with the management’s explanation as to why it believes such alternative treatment is more representative of the true and fair view of the underlying business transaction in the Corporate Governance Report.
74. Board Disclosure- Risk Management: the company shall lay down procedures to inform Board members about the risk assessment and minimization procedures.
75. Proceeds from public issues, rights issues , preferential issues etc. : When money is raised through an issue (public issues rights issues, preferential issues etc.), it shall disclose to the Audit committee, the uses/ applications of funds by major category (capital expenditure,, sales and marketing, working capital, etc.), on a quarterly and annual basis.
77. All pecuniary relationship or transactions of the non- executive directors vis-à-vis the company shall be disclosed in the Annual Report.
78. Further, certain prescribed disclosures on the remuneration of directors shall be made in the section on the corporation governance of the Annual Report;
79. The company shall disclose the number of shares and convertible instruments held by non-executive directors in the annual report.
80. Non executive directors shall be required to disclose their shareholding (both own or held by/ for other persons on a (beneficial basis) in the listed company in which they proposed to be appointed as directors, prior to their appointment. These details should be disclosed in the notice to the general meeting called for appointment of such directors.
81. Management: As part of the directors’ report or as an addition there to a Management Discussion and Analysis report, the following should form part of the Annual Report to the shareholders. This includes discussion on:
96. A board committee under the chairmanship of a non- executive director shall be formed to specifically look into the redressal of shareholder and investor complaints like transfer of shares, non receipt of declared dividends etc. this committee shall be designated as ‘Shareholders/Investors Grievance Committee’.
97. To expedite the process of share transfer, Board of the company shall delegate the power of share transfer to an officer or a committee or to the registrar and share transfer agents. There delegated authority shall attend to share transfer formalities and least once in a fortnight.
99. Through the amendment made by SEBI vide circular SEBI /CFD/DIL CG DATED 12-1-06, in Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement, certification of intedrnal controls and internalcontrol system
100. CFO/CEO would be for the purpose of financial reporting. Thus the CEO, i.e. the Managing Direcctor or Manager appointed in terms of the Companies Act, 1956 and the CFO i.e. the whole – time Finance Director or any other Person heading the finance function discharging that function shall certify to the Board that:
101. They have reviewed financial statements and the cash flow statement for the year and that to the best of their knowledge and belief:
102. These statements do not contain any materially untrue statement or omit any material fact or contain statements that might be misleading;
103. These statements together present a true and fair view of the company’s affairs and are in compliance within existing accounting standards, applicable laws and regulations.
104. There are, to the best of their knowledge and belief, no transactions entered into by the company during the year which fraudulent, illegal or violative of the company’s code of conduct.
105. They accept responsibility for establishing and maintaining internal controls and they have evaluated the effectiveness of the internal control system of the company pertaining to financial reporting and they have disclosed to the auditors and the Audit Committee, deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls, if an, of which they are aware and the steps they have taken or propose to take to rectify these deficiencies
106. They have indicated to the auditors and the Audit Committee significant changes in internal control over financial reporting during the year, significant fraud of which they have become aware and the involvement there in if any, of the management or an employee having a significant role in the company’s internal control system over financial reporting.
108. There shall be separate section on Corporate Governance in Annual Reports of Company with a detailed compliance report on Corporate Governance. Non compliance of any mandatory requirement of this clause with reason there of and the extent to which the non- mandatory requirements have been adopted should be specifically highlighted.
109. The companies shall submit a quarterly compliance report to the stock exchange within 15 days from the close of quarter as per the format given in
110. Annexure IB. the report shall be signed either by the Compliance Officer or the Chief Executive Officer of the company.
112. The company shall obtain a certificate from either the auditor or practicing company secretaries regarding compliance of conditions of corporate governance as stipulated in this clause and annex the certificate with the directors’ report, which is sent annually to all the shareholders of the company. The same certificate shall also be sent to the Stock Exchanges along with the annual report filed by the company.
113.
114. As per this subsection inserted by the Companies Act, 1999 every profit and loss account and balance sheet of the company shall comply with the accounting standards. The compliance of Indian Accounting standards was made mandatory and the provisions for setting up of National Committee on accounting standards were incorporated in the Act.
116. This section was inserted by the Companies Act 1999which provides that the central government shall establish a fund called the Investor Education and protection Fund and amount credited to the fund relate to unpaid dividend, unpaid matured deposits, unpaid matured Debenture, unpaid application money received by the companies for allotment of securities and due for refund and interest accrued on above amounts.
118. Subsection (2AA)added by the Companies Act, 2000 provides that the Boards report shall also include a Director’s Responsibility statement with respect to the following matters:
119. Whether accounting standards had been followed in the preparation of annual accounts and reasons for material departures, if any;
121. Whether directors had made judgments and estimate that are reasonable prudent so as to give a true and fair view of the state of affair and profit and loss of the company;
123. Whether directors had taken proper and sufficient care for the maintenance of adequate accounting records for safeguarding the assets of the company.
127. This section of the companies Act, 2000 provides for the constitution of audit committees by every public company having a paid- up capital of Rs. 5 crores or more. Audit Committee is to consist of at least 3 directors. Two of the members of the Audit Committee shall be directors other than managing or whole time director. Recommendation of the Audit Committee on any matter related to financial management including audit report shall be binding on the Board.
131. The Companies Act, 2000 had added two new sections, viz, section a 58AA and 58AAA, for the protection of small depositors. These provisions are designed to protect depositors who have invested upto Rs. 20, 000 in a financial year in a company.
133. Registrar of Companies is to allot a Corporate Identity Number to each company registered on or after November 1, 2000 (Valid circular No.)12/2000 dated 25-10-2000)
135. This section added Companies Act, 2000 empowers SEBI to administer the provisions contained in section 44 to 48, 59 to 84, 10, 109, 110, 112, 113, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 206, 206A and 207 so far as they relate to issue and transfer ofsecurities and non payment of dividend. However, SEBI’S power in this regard is limited to listed companies.
137. Clause (g) of Section 2i7i4, added by the companies Act, 200 disqualifies a person who is already director of a public company which (a) has not filed the annual accounts and annual returns for any continuous three financial years commencing on and after the first day of April 1999; or (b) has failed or repay its deposit or interest thereon on due date or redeem its debentures on due date or pay dividend and such failure to continues for one year or more, however, the aforesaid disqualification will last for five years only.